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1、2023北 京 东 城 高 二（上）期 末 英 语 本 试 卷 共 10页，共 100分。考 试 时 长 90分 钟。考 生 务 必 将 答 案 答 在 答 题 卡 上，在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效。考 试 结 束 后，将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 交 回。第 一 部 分 知 识 运 用（共 三 节，共 42分）第 一 节（共 10小 题 海 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。At Lucky Candy,a sma
2、ll neighborhood store,customers are in for a lucky treat.Ahmed Alwan,a cashier of the store,invented a game thafs since gone viral:if correctly answer hismath questions,they are able to grab as many items as possible in five seconds-all for 2.Alwan came upwith the idea to primarily 3 low-income comm
3、unity members and he himself ends up paying for whateverthe winners collect.For Alwan,23,joy is essential as breakfast-but regulars at his familys comer store sometimes 4 both.“This neighborhood has a lot of poor people J he says.Theyve known me since I was a little kid.I know most ofthem by name.I
4、see peoplesome of whom are 5 customerssleeping on the train.I used to give thembuttered rolls,coffee and bananas in the morning to 6 their days.A fan of math throughout high school and college,Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertainingand altruism（利 他 主 义）into the game to go on hel
5、ping people and keep their 7 skills sharp too.So how does all the gift 8 and problem solving affect the stores profits?Alwan said it hasnt affected the family business negatively.“Its out of my own 9 he said.He recently launched a GoFundMe page on the Internet to raise fundsfbr the game as well.If t
6、he equation（方 程 式）for happiness equals kindness plus 10.Alwan has already solved it.1.A.shoppers B.cashiers C.owners D.witnesses2.A.fun B.good C.free D.love3.A.choose B.help C.educate D.gather4.A.insist on B.live off C.adjust to D.struggle for5.A.potential B.close C.extraordinary D.domestic6.A.clari
7、fy B.guide C.evaluate D.brighten7.A.trading B.verbal C.math D.reading8.A.exchanging B.making C.designing D.giving9.A.pocket B.need C.control D.head10.A.modesty B.generosity C.honesty D.bravery第 二 节（共 10小 题;每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）A阅 读 下 面 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示
8、 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Charlie Chaplin is a household name around the world.He 1 1(regard)as one of the best comedy actors.People of all ages can be made laugh heartily by his performances.In my opinion,the 12(funny)thing of allabout Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked when he was
9、acting as the Tramp,13 is a poor man with a kindheart and often has unexpected adventures 14(involve)the police.The Tramp is a symbol of the silent cinema.B阅 读 下 面 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Last Saturday,I went to the s
10、chool sports field to watch the final of the 4xl00-metre relay at our annual sportstournament.15 the race,everyone was quiet and still.When the runners set off,everyone went wild!We allstood up and started shouting.It was like being hit by a huge wave of 16(excite).The race was all over injust one m
11、inute.When the first runner 17(cross)the finish line,everyone was on their feet,cheering.c阅 读 下 面 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science
12、or medicine.However 18 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvest and sometimes even had a seriousshortage of food to eat.Yuan Longping overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice forfarming in 1974.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic
13、 rice consumption in China is comprised of crops19(generate)from Yuans hybrid strains.Yuans innovation 20(help)feed not just China,but manyother countries that depend on rice as well,such as India and Vietnam.第 三 节(共 4小 题;每 小 题 3分，共 12分)根 据 中 文 意 思 和 括 号 内 所 给 的 提 示 词，翻 译 下 面 句 子。请 在 答 题 卡 指 定 区 域 作
14、 答。21.这 是 一 个 奇 妙 无 比 的、对 每 个 人 都 有 吸 引 力 的 主 题 公 园。(appeal to)This is an incredible theme p a r k.22.“一 个 成 功 课 堂 的 关 键 是 让 学 生 参 与 进 来。”那 位 教 授 说。(be crucial to.)“a successful classroom is to involve students,the professor said.23,刚 才 我 打 电 话 给 史 密 斯 先 生，感 谢 他 劝 说 我 儿 子 改 掉 那 个 坏 习 惯。(persuade,qui
15、t)Just now I made a call to thank Mr.Smith f o r.2 4.微 笑 可 以 打 破 隔 阂 是 一 个 普 遍 真 理。(break down barriers)It is a universal t r u t h.第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解（共 两 节，共 28分）第 一 节（共 9小 题;每 小 题 2分，共 18分）阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该项 涂 黑。AAccommodation is available fbr Alt U
16、niversity students in a number of dorms(宿 舍)for girls and boys asseparated.These dorms are located in Matbey campus and are designed to provide a clean,comfortable,secure andcivilized environment for the students.FEE STRUCTURERoom Type Annual Rate(9 months)Per Semester DescriptionSingle Room$3,750$1
17、,875 Front view(14 m2)Single Room$3,550$1,775 Front view(10 m2)Single Room$3,450$1,725 Back view(14 m2)Triple Room$2,250$1,125 Back view(30 m2)Quadruple Room$2,450$1,225 Front view(32 m2)Quadruple Room$2,100$1,050 Back view(30 m2)Room fee includes accommodation,electricity,heating and water,WiFi,cle
18、aning services and laundry.Room charges and meal plans are for 9 months(one academic year)or 1 semester during the study period at theuniversity.Once students register for the dorm or meal plan,it cannot be refunded(退 款)in case of canceling thestay or the meal service.FACILITIESMeal Plan:Students ca
19、n choose a meal plan including three courses in a day during their stay.For one semester it costs$810,for two semesters$1620.Cleaning Service:The cleaning of dorm rooms and common spaces is provided by professional cleaners.Cooking:Residents can either dine at the in-house restaurant or cook their o
20、wn meals at the common kitchen area.Leisure Time Activities and Relaxation:Music room and gym are available for the use of students,free of charge.Safety:Alt University Dormitory offers students a safe accommodation with its 24/7 security and 24/7 available staff.HOW TO APPLY?Students can prefer to
21、stay at the dormitory for the first semester only or two semesters both(the whole academicyear).In order to make a room reservation,you should fill in the online application form.Due to limited space,applications will be processed on a first-come first-served basis.Overseas students,students living
22、in distance in the city and students with handicap will be given priority over the others.25.Xie Lei is going to spend$1,200$l,400 on accommodation for the first semester in Alt University,what roomtype can she apply for?A.Quadruple Room with front view.B.Quadruple Room with back view.C.Single Room
23、with front view.D.Triple Room with back view.26.Students living in the dorm c a n.A.use the gym at a lower priceB.enjoy free heating and waterC.cook meals in a particular areaD.stop the meal plan anytime and get the money back27.What may help a student successfully apply for a dorm?A.Applying for ac
24、commodation for the whole academic year.B.Sending the application form as early as possible.C.Applying for a dorm in a distant campus.D.Volunteering for the dorm cleaning job.BSamantha Cristoforetti.2022/10/12仰 观 宇 宙 之 大，俯 察 品 类 之 盛，所 以 游 目 骋 怀，足 以 极 视 听 之 娱，信 可 乐 也。Looking up,I see the immensity of
25、 the cosmos;bowing my head,I look at the multitude of theworld.The gaze flies,the heart expands,the joy of the senses can reach its peak,&indeed,this is true happiness.ESA及 另 外 4 人 Q 485 1870。7890 工 Besides wow and great”,what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space?SamanthaCristofore
26、tti,an Italian female astronaut,posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitterduring her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.She first wrote in Chinese,and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English tohelp more peop
27、le understand.The text she quoted is from the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion,aChinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.She also attached three photos taken inspace of Chinas Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing.The beauty of space and Chinese
28、literature resonated on Cristoforetti Twitter account.Her post went viral onTwitter with thousands of retweets,likes and replies in a few hours.Her quotation of the lines shows that sheobserved the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space,“one user comments.“
29、A European astronaut in space recites Chinese ancient poetry,how romantic,9,says another.Cristoforetti has been highly praised for her Chinese language skills.The Italian speaks half a dozen languagesand has previously taken part in joint training between the European Space Agency（ESA）and the China
30、MannedSpace Agency.Apart from Cristoforetti,Matthias Maurer,a German astronaut from ESA who went to China togetherwith Cristoforetti for the joint training,can also speak fluent Chinese.Since China and Europe have had friendlycooperation in the field of manned space flight,many foreign astronauts ha
31、ve shown great interest in learning Chinese.ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher is positive about the unifying spirit of space exploration.He said,“Space is international.There is no way to put a boundary in space-because the space station and the satellites flyaround the earth,cross boundaries,cr
32、oss cultures,cross religions and different divides in terms of philosophy andhistory.While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth,in space,cooperation is strong.28.What made Cristoforetti post the message on the Internet?A.The desire to show off her Chinese.B.The amazement at the v
33、iew of the space.C.The wish to work with Chinese astronauts.D.The duty of popularizing space knowledge.29.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Cristoforetti spread Chinese civilization on her Twitter account.B.Cristoforetti success in learning Chinese encouraged others.C.Cristoforetti post became
34、a hit on the Internet.D.Cristoforetti is a genius at learning languages.30.What can we learn from the passage?A.Space exploration settles differences between nations.B.The longing for solving problems on Earth is universal.C.Mastering more than one language is a trend among astronauts.D.Cooperation
35、in the space field bridges the gap between cultures.CLighting has come a long way since Tom Edison lit his first incandescent bulb（白 炽 灯 泡）in the 1880s.LEDbulbs are popping up everywhere now,on planes,car headlights,in your phone.And engineers are exploring moreways to use LEDseverything from wirele
36、ss data streaming to secure communication systems and in-flightnetworking.Engineer Harald Haas,co-founder of pureLiFi,explains how LEDs can be used to transmit information,ctLEDshave the property that we can change the light that comes out of an LED very,very quickly.That change in thebrightness is
37、what we exploit in order to encode data extremely fast,so that a receiver will then see these changes inthe light intensity in a way a human eye would not be able to detect.Then we have algorithms（算 法）to recover thesechanges and get back the data stream.There are many advantages to using LEDs to tra
38、nsmit information.For one thing,LEDs can communicate muchfaster than WiFi.Whats more,the visible light spectrum（频 谱）is about ten thousand times larger than the radiospectrum.This would allow communication systems to not only use a spectrum thats already been set up,but vastamount of free spectrum,wh
39、ich is in cars,in our LED lights at home,in streetlights and so on.Its ubiquitous.Ifsalready there/9 Haas says.LiFi would also be more secure than WiFi.Because light cant go through walls,people would not be able tolog on to LiFi networks in the same way that they5re able to log on to and eavesdrop
40、on（窃 听）ongoing WiFicommunications.Haas argues that LiFi would also be available in places where communication is typically difficultwhen we cant use radio.One interesting application could be to use car headlights to communicate with other drivers on the road.Wecan use these LEDs to transmit data fr
41、om car to car.Normally you see the car in front of you,but if you were able torelay high-definition video from,say,three cars in front of you,you could see earlier whats happening.This is a waywe can enhance safety on our roads,“Haas says.Haas and his coworkers foresee the LED light industry changin
42、g rapidly in the near future to include additionalfeatures.That is where LiFi plays a key role.From home sensing of interior,youd find out if people have fallendown and the way you would navigate（导 航）indoors.So many,many more applications would be possible withlight,“Haas says.31.What is essential t
43、o enable LEDs to send signals?A.The research work by pureLiFi.B.Quickly changing light of LEDs.C.Common use of LEDs in daily life.D.Accurate analysis of light intensity.32.What does the sentence Its ubiquitous.in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.LiFis speed is superfast.B.LED lights are free to use.C.LED
44、s are stable in quality.D.Available spectrum is everywhere.33.Haas mentions the examples in the last two paragraphs mainly to indicate L i F i s.A.advantage in security B.mature applicationC.promising prospect D.rapid upgrades第 二 节（共 5 小 题;每 小 题 2 分，共 1 0分）根 据 短 文 内 容，从 短 文 后 的 七 个 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空
45、 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项。The Power in Accepting Your ErrorsIt pays to be kind to yourself.A new study shows that being compassionate（同 情）with yourself when youmake mistakes can reduce depression.It is generally good to hold yourself to high standards and strive to d
46、o your best.But sometimes people haveunrealistic views of what they should achieve.34 Then when they make a mistake,they may be toounforgiving of that error.It is an unhealthy form of perfectionism.This is when a person views anything imperfectas unacceptable.35However,self-compassion can help prote
47、ct people from such negative impacts,a new study finds.36Its often easy to say kind and supportive things to our friends when things go wrong for them J says MadeleineFerrari.Shes a psychologist at Australian Catholic University in Sydney.ccIf we can say these things to ourselves,we will still reach
48、 our goals but will have better mental health,she says.37 Ferraris team wanted to see if selfcompassion might weaken that link.The researchers surveyed 541teenagers and 515 adults.They asked these people to fill out a set of three questionnaires and asked the participantsto rate their levels of perf
49、ectionism,depression and self-compassion.In both groups,people who were kinder to themselves were less likely to experience sadness and depression,the researchers found.38 And that could be especially true for perfectionists.A.They set standards that are too high.B.Even the most intelligent and prod
50、uctive people make mistakes.C.This is a good example of improving and changing based on a mistake.D.Self-compassion is treating yourself the way you would treat a good friend.E.Such feelings can increase stress and lead to symptoms（症 状）of depression.F.So learning self-compassion could improve treatm