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1、英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(1)【阅读练习】What is it about Americans and food?We love to eat,butwe feel 1 about it afterward.We say we want only the best,but we strangely enjoy junkfood.Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity（肥胖）.Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence（矛盾情结）lies in o
2、ur history.The first Europeans cameto this continent searching for new spices but went in vain.The firstcash crop（经济作物）wasnt eaten but smoked.Then there was Prohibition,intended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience,tooz has been one of inharmon
3、y.Do as Romans do meanseating what real Americans eat,but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizzazsay,or hot dogs.And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food hasbeen a medium for the nati
4、onsdefining struggles,whetherat the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters.lt is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7.Americans are ambivale
5、nt about what they putin their mouths.We have become 8 of our foods,especially as we learn more aboutwhat theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness.Its no coincidence,thenzthat the first Thanksgivingholds the American imagination in such bondage（束缚）,Its whatwe eatan
6、d how we 10 it with friends,family,and strangersthat help define America as acommunitytoday.A.answer I.creativeB.result J.beliefC.share K.suspiciousD.guilty L.certaintyE.constant M.obsessedF.defined N.identifyG.vanish 0.idealsH.adapted【答案及详解】1.D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about,可以确定选项为
7、D 项 guilty,短语 feel guilty about sth.对 感到有愧。全句的意思为 我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感 。2.M be obsessed with为固定搭配，原意为 被附上/缠住/迷住心窍，放在本句表示 十分重视。全句的意思为 我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延。3.A本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.4.I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示 旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令,却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒，可 以 确 定I为正确选项。5.F本题较难。根 据be和by
8、确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示 应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物 ，下文通过but转折，表示实际上 美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了,因此可以确定F为正确选项。6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。7.L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的，可以推出本句意义为 坚定的观点也不是确定不变的。因此可以确定L为正确选项。8.K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of 形成短语 be/become su
9、spicious of对 感至ij怀疑。9.J本句缺一个名词作主语,并且根据和介词in的搭配,可以推断出正确选项belief,(have)belief in sth.相信.。10.C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with搭配,确定选项为share,share sth.withsb.,与某人分享某事。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(2)【阅读练习】Baekeland and Hartmann report that the short sleepers，ad been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in
10、 their teens.But ata bout age 15 or so,themen voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time becauseof pressures from school,work,and other activities.These men tended to view their nightlyperiods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general,these short
11、sleeps appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sure about their career choices.They often heldseveral jobs at once,or workers full-or part-time while going to school.And many of them hadastrong urge to appear normal,or acceptable to their friends and as
12、sociates.When asked to recall their dreams,the short sleepers did poorly.More than this,theyseemed to prefer not remembering.In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing withpsychological problems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in thehope that the trouble would go away.T
13、he sleep patterns of the short sleepers were similar tozbut less extreme than,sleeppatterns shown by many mentai patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The long sleepers were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to en
14、joy their sieep,protected it,and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9hours of nightly bed rest.They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the shortsleepers.z,Many of the long sleepers were shy,anxious,introverted（内向），inhibited（压抑）,passive,mildly d
15、epressed,and unsure of themselves（particularly in social situations）.Severalopenly states thatsleep was an escape from their daily problems.1.According to the r e p o r t,.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB)many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightlysleep time because they
16、arebusy with their workC)long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD)many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2.Many short sleepers are likely to hold the view that A)sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB)sleep interferes with their sound judgem
17、entC)sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD)sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3.It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepersA)are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB)often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC)do not know
18、how to relax properlyD)are more unlikely to run into mental problems4.When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep,the long sleepers mi g h t.A)appear disturbedB)become energeticC)feel dissatisfiedD)be extremely depressed5.Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A)If one sleeps inad
19、equately,his performance suffers andhis memory is weakenedB)The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by manymental patientsC)Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towardssleepD)Short sleepers would be better off with more rest【答案及详解】答案：DCBAB贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，睡眠少的
20、人在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它 活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些 睡眠少的人表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望,想在朋友和熟人面前表现得 正常或 合群。当让他们回忆梦境时，睡眠少的人回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在
21、，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。睡眠少的人的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。睡眠多的人情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说,这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比 睡眠少的人要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多 睡眠多的人腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(3)【阅读练习】Upon reaching an appropriate age(usuall
22、y between 18and21 years),children are encouraged,but not forced,to Ieave the nest and begin anindependent life.After childrenleave home they often find social relationship and financialsupport outside the family.Parents do not arrange marriages for their children,nor do childrenusually ask permissio
23、n of their parents to get married,Romantic love is most often the basisfor marriage in the United States;young adults meet their future spouses（配偶）through otherfriends,at jobsz and in organizations andreligious institutions,Although children choose theirown spouses,they still hope their parents will
24、 approve of their choices.In many families,parents feel that children should makemajor life decisions bythemselves.A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the childis free to choose another career.Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what theirparents w
25、ish in order toassert their independence.A son may deliberately decidenot to gointo his fathers business because of a fear that he w川 lose his autonomy in his fathersworkplace.This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children donot love each other.Strong love between pa r
26、ents and children is universal and this is noexception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are culturalvalues of self-reliance and independence.1.The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of thefollowing?A)They enjoy the freedom of c
27、hoosing their spouses.B)They want to win the permission of their parents.C)They have a strong desire to become independent.D)They want to challenge the authority of their parents.2.Most young adults in the U.S.get married for the sakeof.A)loveB)financial concernC)their parentsD)family background3.Ba
28、sed on the passage,it can be assumed t hat.A)American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB)most American people never make major decisions for their childrenC)American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD)once a young person steps into his twenties,he will le
29、ave his home permanently4.A son is unwilling to work in his fathers business mainlyb e c a u s e.A)he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB)he wants to prove his independenceC)he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD)he wants to show his love for his parents5.T
30、he subject matter of this selection is.A)family valuesB)marriage arrangementsC)the pursuit of a careerD)decision making【答案及详解】答案：CACBA子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们 离开窝的，财政的巢，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国,浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们
31、仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性,子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)【阅读练习】Now let us look at how we read.When we read a printedtext
32、,our eyes move across a page in short,jerky movement.We recognize words usually whenour eyes are still whenthey fixate.Each time they fixate,we see a group of words.This isknown as the recognition span or the visual span.The length of time ofr which the eyes stop-the du ration of the fixation-varies
33、 considerably from person to person.It also vaies withinany one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text.Furthermore,it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately,in the past,many reading improvement courses have concentrated toomuch o
34、n how our eyes move across the printed page.As a result of this misleading emphasison the purely visual aspects of reading,numerous exercises have been devised to train theeyes to see more words at one fixation.For instance,in some exercises,wordsare flashed onto a screen for,say,a tenth or a twenti
35、ethof a second.One of the exercises has required students tofix their eyes on some central point,taking in the words on either side.Such wordpatterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes inmore and more words at each successive fixation.All theseexercises a
36、re very clever,but itsone thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve hisability to read a text efficiently.Reading requires the ability to understand the relationshipbetween words.Consequently,for these reasons,many experts have now begun to questionthe useful
37、ness of eye training,especially sinee any approach whichtrains a person to read isolated words and phrases wouldseem unlikely to help him inreading a continuous text.Q：1.The time of the recognition span can be affected by thefollowing facts exc ept.A.ones familiarity with the textB.ones purpose in r
38、eadingC.the length of a group of wordsD.lighting and tiredness2.The author may believe that r e a d i n g.A.requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB.requires a reader to see words more quicklyC.demands an deeply-participating mindD.demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author m
39、ean by saying but its one thingto improve a persons ability tosee words and quite a nother thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently/inthesecond parapraph?A.The ability to see words is not needed when an efficientreading is conducted.B.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to impro
40、veboth the ability to see and tocomprehend words.C.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improvean efficient reading.D.The reading exercises mentioned has done a great jobto improve ones ability to seewords.4.Which of the following is NOT true?A.The visual span is a word or a group of words w
41、e see each time.B.Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye traiming.C.The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleadingD.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5.The tune of the author in writing this article isA criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimistic【答
42、案及详解】答案：CCCDA解题思路I C 事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C一组词的长度不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。2 C o 观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C阅读需要大脑的深度参与“正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性,但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以A B 两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D3 C o 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然
43、后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些（训练眼睛的）阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B 与文章相反。D 句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。4 D o 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D 是错的，是本题答案。5 A o 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)【阅读练习】As is known to allz the organization and management ofwages and
44、 salaries are very complex.Generally speaking,the Accounts Department is _ 1 for calculations of pay,while the Personnel Department is interested in discussionswith theemployees about pay.If a firm wants to _ 2 a new wage and salary structure,it is essential that the firmshould decide on a _ 3 of jo
45、b evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of itsemployees.In order to be _ 4,that new pay structurewill need agreement between Tradeunions and employers.In job evaluation,all of the requirements of each job aredefined in adetailed job description.Each of thsoe requiremerits is given a value
46、,usually in points,whichare _ 5_ together to give a total value for the job.For middle andhigher management,aspecial method is used to evaluatemanagers on their knowledge of the job,theirresponsibility,and their _ 6 to solve problems.Because of the difficulty in measuringmanagement work,however,job
47、gradesfor managers are often decided without _ 7 to anevaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system,the Personnel Department should _ 8 the valueof each job with these in the job market.9,payment for a job should vary with anydifferencesin the way that the job is performed.W
48、here it is simple tomeasure the work done,as in the works done with hands,monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen,for_10_ workers,where measurement is difficult,methodsof additional payments areemployed.A com pa reBresponsibleC usefulDaddedEfindF referenceG indirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombine
49、dKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadoptAnswers:1.选B）。此处应填形容词。原文意思为 会计部门计算报酬，选项中的形容词responsible负责任的，useful有用 的 ，indirect间接的，successful成功的,其中 indirect不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.选0)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare比较，find找到,adopt采纳，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原
50、文意思，故选0).3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有 mathod=w ays,故选 H)methodo4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度 是否有用的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful 和 successful,I)seccessful 更符合原 文意思。5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point分 值 ,把分值起来to give a totalvalue”得出总