2023年中科院考博英语真题.doc

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1、中国科学院3月博士硕士入学考试试题PART VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) Directions: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet.21. A k

2、nowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equips B. provides C.offers D. satisfies22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent

3、 in divorce that was vital.A. disposition B. distinction C.distribution D. disruption23. Finally, lets a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to them.A. stick to B. turn to C.lead to D. take to24. Smuggling is a_act

4、ivity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.A. pertinent B. fruitful C.detrimental D. casual25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under_of law.A. guideline B. definition C.constraint D. idetity26. The food was divided_according to t

5、he age and size of the child.A. equally B. individually C.sufficiently D. proportionally27. Horseback riding_both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.A. embraces B. encourages C.exaggerates D. elaborate28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,_thei

6、r cleanness, toughness, and low cost.A. by virtue of B. in addition to C.for the sake of D. as opposed to29. He cannot_the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday.A. contribute to B. account for C.identify with D. leave out30. Please do not be_by his had manners si

7、nce he is merely trying to attract attention.A. disgusted B. embarrassed C.irritated D. shocked31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a_author writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles.A. prevalent B. stand up to C.prospective D. prolific 32. Workers in this country

8、 are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not_the test of international competition.A. keep up with B. stand up to C.comply with D. attend to33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was_revived.A. successively B. subsequently C.predominantly D. preliminarily

9、34. The book might well have_had it been less expensive.A. worked out B. gone through C.caught on D. fitted in35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management_was under way.A. cleanup B. setup C.breakout D. takeout36. The poor quality of the film ruined the_perfect product.A. rather B. m

10、uch C.otherwise D. particularly37. Ill have to_this dress a bit before the wedding next week.A. let off B. let go C.let loose D. let out38. They reached a(n)_to keep their dispute out of the mass madia.A. understanding B. acknowledgement C.limitations D. misgivings39. After walking for hours without

11、 finding the village, we began to have_about our map.A. troubles B. fears C.limitations D. misgivings40. If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him_.A. on your account B. on your behalf C.for your part D. in your interestPAET CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) Direction: There are 15 blanks i

12、n this part of the test, read the passage through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer

13、Sheet.The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process.Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are_ 41_things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value.A

14、lmost all fashionable clothes are_ 42_symbolic, so is food. We_ 43_our furniture to serve _ 44_visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses_ 45_the basis of a feeling that it“looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in for_ 46_models n

15、ot always to get better transportation, but to give_ 47_to the community that we can _ 48_it.Such complicated and apparently_ 49_behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why cnat human beings_ 50_simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the

16、 relative_ 51_of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no_ 52_for wanting to_ 53_to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process_ 54_instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at lea

17、st, its_ 55_.41. A. many B. some C. few D. enough42. A. highlyB. nearlyC. merely D. likely43. A. makdB. get C. possess D. select44. A. ofB. forC. asD. with45. A. onB. toC. atD. for46. A. earlier B. laterC. former D. latter47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation D. evidence48. A. useB. affordC.

18、ride D. find49. A. uselessB. impossible C. inappropriate D. unnecessary50. A. live B. workC. stay D. behave51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity D. complexity52. A. meaning B. reasonC. time D. doubt53. A. lead B. devoteC. proceed D. return54. A. so thatB. in that C. considering thatD. by reason

19、 that55. A. teachers B. studentsC. masters D. servantsPART READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked

20、 A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage1The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of st

21、udents from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfort

22、unately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned.Although the Solar Decathlons purp

23、ose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the had weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed D O Es“Solar Village on the National Mall” has received ver

24、y little of what it needs to run.Since solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For

25、this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest.Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment proveds only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooft

26、op photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account.Nor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, an

27、d may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bills.Solar energy has alwa

28、ys has its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the govenment officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Sol

29、ar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice.56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a_.A. technology B. contest C. strategy D. machine57. What does the author say about the weather?A. It is rare for Wa

30、shington, D. C. to have such long rainy days.B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the time.C. It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipment.D. It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy.58. What has happened to D O Es“Solar Village on the National Mall”?A

31、. It has revealed a mechanical problem.B. It lacks the energy for operation.C. It needs substantial financial support.D. It has drawn criticism from the government.59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because_.A. solar power plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundingsB. m

32、ost people prefer the relatively simple use of fossil fuelC. the uses of solar enery still cannot go without fossil fuelD. only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”_.A. brings little interestB. brings much interestC. is a

33、deposit of at least $ 100D. is a deposit of at least $ 500061. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government_.A. admits its limitation of being expensiveB. rarely mentions its cost to homeownersC. stands on the side of the majority of consumersD. remains more objective than the

34、 solar equipment manufacturersPassage2Every year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an“F” to over helf the nations counties and cities. When ALAs “State of the Air ” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again

35、 took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALAs statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglecting to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too b

36、ad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives of the ALA.The very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decad

37、es. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but suc

38、h spiles are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smon capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeler,which exceeded federal smog standards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned“F”misleadin

39、gly implies that air quality has not improved at all.Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F”to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1

40、997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal governments, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively m

41、inor and sporadic increases above the standard.62.The medias response to ALAs “State of the Air ”can best be described as_.A. trusting B. suspicious C. critical D. hesitant63. By citing figures from the EPA, the auther seem to contend that_ .A. the regulations about smog have proved effectiveB. new

42、regulations are necessary to deal with smogC. smog problems have actually become less seriousD. the federal smog standard has been rather low64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to_.A. the increase above the smog standardB. the irregular readings about air quality in so

43、me areasC. the occurrences of smog in Los AngelesD. the current standards demanded by ALA65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA_.A. is right to assign an “F”to that areaB. often bases its report on the past eventsC. has a good reason to stress smog risksD. has overstated smog prob

44、lems66. The author agrees with the ALA that_.A. present smog standards should be made stricterB. the standard established by the EPA is effectiveC. some areas fail to meet the federal standard at timesD. poor air quality is a major problem nationwide67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be_.

45、A. its lack of opinions from expertsB. its focus on some irregular casesC. its attempt to make up the dateD. its inconsistent smog standardsPassage3It was (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by“instinct”whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly interlligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the oppo