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1、William Faulkner1897-1962.Setting of his novels Yoknapatawpha Country The place functions as an allegory or a parable of the South.His writings are not only about its social and economic history,but its emotional and psychological history as well.Themes of his novelsConflicts between the old and new
2、The old,trying to keep the old moral value such as honor,courage,pride,while at the same time carried a moral burden of guilt.The new adopted a ruthless and unscrupulous way of living brought by mass industry production.charactersHis characters are often deeply disturbed,and in some sense,driven,wit
3、h their past and with the present forces that lie beyond their control and yet so relentlessly shape their destinies.Techniques 1.stream of consciousness 2.multiple point of view:one event is the centre,with various points of view radiating from it(not a linear structure)3.use of images to convey th
4、e mood,atmosphere,the emotional and psychological climate of his fictional world.Techniques4.penultimate moment He often began his story at the penultimate moment of the chronology of the events in the novel.Eg The Sound and the Fury 1)Benjys narrative,7 April 1928;2)Quentins narrative,2 June 1910;3
5、)Jasons narrative,6 April 1928;4)Dilseys narrative,8 April 1928.(egs.Light in August,A Rose for Emily).“A Rose for Emily”1.the story2.the characters3.the themes4.meaning of the title5.the gruesome and Gothic elements in the story6.unconventional narrative.“A Rose for Emily”1.The story2.The character
6、s.“A Rose for Emily”3.Reading of some samples:1WHEN Miss Emily Grierson died,our whole town went to her funeral:themen through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument,thewomen mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house,which noone save an old man-servant-a combined gardener
7、and cook-had seenin at least ten years.Alive,Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care;a sort ofhereditary obligation upon the town,dating from that day in 1894 whenColonel Sartoris,the mayor-he who fathered the edict that no Negrowoman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted
8、hertaxes,the dispensation dating from the death of her father on intoperpetuity.a small,fat woman in black,with a thingold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt,leaningon an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head.Her skeleton was small and spare;Her eyes,lost in the fatty ridges o
9、f her face,looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand.She did not ask them to sit.She just stood in the door and listenedquietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt.Then they could hear the
10、invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain.Her voice was dry and cold.I have no taxes in Jefferson.Colonel Sartoris explained it to me.Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves.But we have.We are the city authorities,Miss Emily.Didnt you get a notice fro
11、m the sheriff,signed by him?I received a paper,yes,Miss Emily said.Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff.I have no taxes in Jefferson.But there is nothing on the books to show that,you see We must go bythe-See Colonel Sartoris.I have no taxes in Jefferson.But,Miss Emily-See Colonel Sartoris.(Colo
12、nel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.)I have no taxes in Jefferson.Tobe!The Negro appeared.Show thesegentlemen out.2So SHE vanquished them,horse and foot,just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell.That was two years after her fathers death and a short time af
13、ter hersweetheart-the one we believed would marry her-had deserted her.After her fathers death she went out very little;after her sweetheart went away,people hardly saw her at all.A few of the ladies had the temerity to call,but were not received,and the only sign of life about the place was the Neg
14、ro man-a young man then-going in and out with a marketbasket.A neighbor,a woman,complained to the mayor,Judge Stevens,eighty years old.But what will you have me do about it,madam?he said.Why,send her word to stop it,the woman said.Isnt there a law?Im sure that wont be necessary,Judge Stevens said.It
15、s probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard.Ill speak to him about it.The next day he received two more complaints,one from a man whocame in diffident deprecation.We really must do something about it,Judge.Id be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily,but weve got
16、to do something.So the next night,after midnight,four men crossed Miss Emilys lawn and slunk about the house like burglars,sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from hisshoulder.They b
17、roke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there,and in all the outbuildings.As they recrossed the lawn,a window that had been dark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it,the light behind her,and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol.They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow o
18、f the locusts that lined the street.After a week or two the smell went away.(continued)That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her.People in our town,remembering how old lady Wyatt,her great-aunt,had gonecompletely crazy at last,believed that the Griersons held themselves a little to
19、o high for what they really were.None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such.So when she got to be thirty and was still single,we were not pleased exactly,but vindicated;even with insanity in the family she wouldnt have turned down all of her chances if they had really mater
20、ialized.When her father died,it got about that the house was all that was left toher;and in a way,people were glad.At last they could pity Miss Emily.She told them that her father was not dead.She did that for three days,with theministers calling on her,and the doctors,trying to persuade her to let
21、them dispose of the body.Just as they were about to resort to law and force,she broke down,and they buried her father quickly.3SHE WAS SICK for a long time.When we saw her again,her hair was cut short,making her look like a girl,with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows-sort
22、 of tragic and serene.The town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalks,and in the summer after her fathers death they began the work.The construction company came with riggers and mules and machinery,and a foreman named Homer Barron,a Yankee-a big,dark,ready man,with a big voice and eyes
23、 lighter than his face.Pretty soon he knew everybody in town.Whenever you heard a lot of laughing anywhere about the square,Homer Barron would be in the center of the group.Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matchedteam of ba
24、ys from the livery stable.I want some poison,she said to the druggist.She was over thirty then,still a slight woman,though thinner than usual,with cold,haughty blackeyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples andabout the eyesockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keepers face ough
25、t tolook.I want some poison,she said.Yes,Miss Emily.What kind?For rats and such?Id recom-I want the best you have.I dont care what kind.4So THE NEXT day we all said,She will kill herself;and we said it wouldbe the best thing.When she had first begun to be seen with HomerBarron,we had said,She will m
26、arry him.Then we said,She willpersuade him yet,because Homer himself had remarked-he liked men,and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man.Later we said,Poor Emily.So we were not surprised when Homer Barron-the streets had beenfinished some tim
27、e since-was gone.When we next saw Miss Emily,she had grown fat and her hair was turninggray.During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attainedan even pepper-and-salt iron-gray,when it ceased turning.Up to the dayof her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray,lik
28、e thehair of an active man.5The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there,looking down at the profound and fleshless grin.The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace,but now the long sleep that outlasts love,that conquers eventhe grimace of love,had cuckolde
29、d him.What was left of him,rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt,had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay;and upon him and upon the pillow beside him laythat even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head.One o
30、f us lifted something from it,and leaning forward,that faint andinvisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils,we saw a long strand of irongrayhair.“A Rose for Emily”4.Meaning of the titleFaulkner:The title was an allegorical title;the meaning was,here was a woman who has had a tragedy,an irrevocable
31、tragedy and nothing could be done about it,and I pitied her and this was a salute.to a woman you would hand a rose.“A Rose for Emily”5.the gruesome and Gothic elements in the story.“Barn Burning”1.The story2.The characters Sartoris Snopes(Sarty),an adolescent boy his father Mr.Snopes(Abner Snopes)de
32、structive,abusive and violent,a man to be feared,still he embodies many qualities:courage,pride,and endurance Major de Spain:white plantation owner.Themes1.conflicts conflict between the father and son;conflict within the boy;conflict between the plantation owner and the tenant;racial tension2.alien
33、ation and loneliness.Style Syntax or sentence structure long sentences full of interruptions The second sentence is 116 words long and contains between twelve and sixteen clauses,;its content is heterogeneous,moving from Sartys awareness of the smell of cheese in the general store through the visual impression made by canned goods on the shelves to the boys sense of blood loyalty with his accused father.