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1、 17年英语六级阅读提分训练试题及答案 American schoolchildren occasionally present an apple to the teacher. Obviously the custom contains an element of bribery 1 you offer sweet fruit to authority figures to “sweeten” 2 their disposition 3. In school childrens case, the apple is offered to make their grades more favo
2、rable. Therefore, the apple has more or less acquired a corrosive4 reputation and maybe for this reason, in slang English “to applepolish” means“to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer. But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teachers instruction. In the earl
3、y days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would be paid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . . Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in todays classroom should be a welcome reminder of the era
4、 when education was one -to-one and when teaching meant enlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings. Caps and Gowns For students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony 5: parents, relatives and friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing
5、black square flat caps and gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end,“Now, please move your tassels from right to left. ” The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of the everyday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Euro
6、pe. The majority of scholars in the Middle Ages6 were churchmen, or soon to become so, and their dress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. The standard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preference for black was changed
7、in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came into fashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color black symbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With few exceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonia
8、l austerity. The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard7 , is obscure, though it probably derives from the medieval biretta . Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership , and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does not appear in
9、 English until the 1850 s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to another as a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears on the modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome . 阅读自测 . True o r false : 1. Nowadays, American pupi
10、ls always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a better grade. 2. In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were paid in money. 3. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduation ceremonies. 4. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical
11、dress was black. 5. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship. 6. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation. . Questions : 1. According to the passage, when you say somebody is an apple polisher, what do you really mean by saying that? 2. For stu
12、dents, when is the most exciting moment? 3. After graduation, which side should you put your tassel, right or left? 参考答案 : . 1. T 2. F 3 . F 4 . F 5. T 6. T . 1. It really means that he is flattering or fawning some figures. 2. For students, the most exciting moment is the graduation ceremony, espec
13、ially the moment when the president makes the announcement. 3. After graduation, the tassel should be put to the left side. 参考译文 校园记趣 献给教师的苹果 美国的学童常常会送苹果给教师。很明显, 这个习惯做法有点的意味 给当权 者一些甜头来软化他们的态度。对学童来说, 他们送教师苹果只是为了得到更令人满足的 成绩。为此, 苹果的荣誉多少受到些损害, 而且可能就是这个原因, 英语俚语“to applepolish”的意思就是“ 阿谀奉承, 溜须拍马”, 而“ apple
14、polisher”则指“ 马屁精”。 这一习惯做法同样可以看作是对教师授课的一种合理报答。公立教育早期, 学校教师 并不总是拿薪水的。通常状况下, 他们得到的酬劳是学校、学生或学生家长供应的实物或效劳。因此, 在今日的教室里时常消失的送教师苹果的现象应当算是对那个年月的一种 美妙回忆。那时的教育是一对一式的, 而且那时的教学是为了使学生受到教育, 而不是为 了区分他们的社会地位。 学士帽与学士服 对学生而言, 最感动人心的时刻莫过于毕业典礼。父母及亲朋好友都被邀请来参与典 礼。全部的毕业生都头戴黑色的方平帽, 身穿黑长袍。他们等待着校长在最终一刻宣布: “ 现在, 请将你的流苏从右边移到左边。
15、” 今日的高中生和大学生戴的.学士帽, 穿的学士服是由中世纪欧洲学院里学者们的日常 着装演化而来的。中世纪时, 大多数的学者要么是牧师, 要么将要成为牧师; 他们的着装经 常受到他们任教或学习的大学的严格掌握。在整个欧洲, 标准的牧师服都是黑色的长袍。 13 和14 世纪的时候, 人们最初偏爱黑色的状况得到了转变, 诸如红色、紫罗兰色和紫色这 样的颜色开头流行起来。但是到了文艺复兴时期, 黑色又流行回来, 由于黑色代表了简约 朴实和16 世纪严谨的苦修方式。现代大学都少有例外地保存了那种肃穆简朴的仪式。方平帽或者学士帽的起源不甚了了, 不过这很可能是从中世纪的法冠演化而来。这种 植绒的方帽被看
16、作是学位的象征, 后来被大学本科生和高中生采纳。学士帽这个术语直到 19 世纪50 年月才传到英国。毕业生们将其从一边移到另一边, 作为一种晋级标志的流苏 其实是中世纪时的帽穗的派生。现代罗马教会的大主教们戴的法冠上仍保存着这种穗子。 阅读导释 1. 这是动词bribe 的名词形式, 以前学过embezzle 这个词, embezzle 多指“盗用, 挪用( 公款) , 侵吞( 财物) ”。 2 - 3. sweeten 是形容词sweet 加- en 转变来的动词, 意思是“( 通过赠送礼物, 笼络感情等) 使亲和, 使软化”。它可作“ 使洁净, 使纯洁”解, 如在莎士比亚的名剧麦克白中,
17、麦克 白夫人杀了国王之后, 梦游中去洗手上的血迹时, 有一句很出名的独白:“All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. ”意思就是“ 纵使用全部阿拉伯的香水, 也无法洗 洁净这只小手。”disposition 这里是“性情, 性格, 态度倾向”的意思。 4. 这个词是“ 腐蚀的, 有害的, 损害的”的意思。 5. 毕业典礼。ceremony 一词多指“ 庄重的宗教或其他庆典中具有特别形式及程序的礼 仪”, 如: the ceremony of launching a ship ( 船舶下水典礼) ; perform
18、 the opening / closing ceremony ( 进行开幕/闭幕式) 。司仪的专出名词M. C. 即Master of Ceremony 的缩写。 6. Middle Ages, 中世纪, 欧洲历史上从5 世纪罗马文明瓦解直至文艺复兴的这段时期。中 世纪这一名称及其传统含义来自于意大利人文主义者的别有专心: 他们意欲复兴古典学 术与文化, 而一个长达千年的愚昧黑暗时代将他们与古代的希腊罗马世界分隔开来。中 世纪时, 欧洲几乎没消失过任何大的王国或其他能够供应稳定局面的政治构造。唯一能 够供应社会团结根底的力气是罗马天主教会。教皇不仅负责宗教事务, 许多时候还插手 世俗事务, 教会还拥有城市和军队, 治理国家事务。因此, 中世纪呈现出一个试图在宗教 根底上对自身进展政治构造建立的社会。 7. 这里特指“ 学士帽、学位帽”。下文消失的biretta 则是特指“( 天主教等神职人员戴的) 四 角帽法冠”。