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1、(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 1 初中英语单词分类记忆 一、分类记忆法 名词(1)星期(week)Monday(星期一)Tuesday(星期二)Wednesday(星期三)Thursday(星期四)Friday(星期五)Saturday(星期六)Sunday(星期天)(2)月份(month)January(一月)February(二月)March(三月)April(四月)May(五月)June(六月)July(七月)August(八月)September(九月)October(十月)November(十一月)December(十二月)(3)季节(season)spring(春节)summ
2、er(夏天)autumn(秋天)winter(冬天)(4)时间(time)second(秒)minute(分)hour(小时)day(天)night(夜)week(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)(5)国家(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)England(英国)India(印度)Canada(加拿大)America/the United States(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)(6)大洲 Asia(亚洲)Africa(非洲)America(美洲)Europe(欧洲)(7)方
3、位(direction)east(东)south(南)west(西)north(北)left(左)right(右)(8)交通工具(transport)bike/bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 2 jeep(吉普车)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)(9)饮食(meal)breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)(10)米面及肉类食品 rice(米、米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle【常用复数】(面条)
4、meat(肉)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)(11)水果(fruit)Apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)strawberry(草莓)(12)蔬菜(vegetable)tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion(洋葱)(13)零食(snack)chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake(月饼)ice cream(冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)salad(沙拉)dessert(甜食)cand
5、y(糖果)biscuit(饼干)pie(馅饼)cheese(干酪;奶酪)(14)饮料(drink)juice(果汁)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)green tea(绿茶)coffee(咖啡)(15)调料(relish)butter(黄油)sauce(酱油)sugar(糖)salt(盐)(16)学习用品 pen(钢笔)pencil(铅笔)eraser(橡皮擦)ruler(直尺)knife(小刀)(17)颜色(color)red 红色(的)yellow 黄色(的)blue 蓝色(的)green 绿色(的)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 3 black 黑色(的)white 白色(的)orang
6、e 橙黄色(的)brown 棕色(的)褐色(的)pink 粉红色(的)purple 紫色(的)gray 灰色(的)(18)衣着 clothes(衣服)hat(帽子)shirt(衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat(外套、上衣)raincoat(雨衣)uniform(制服)skirt(裙子)dress(裙子、衣服)trousers(裤子)pants(裤子)jeans(牛仔裤)shorts(短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)(19)科目(subject)Chinese(汉语)math(数学)English(英语)history(历史)geography(地理)biology(生物)physi
7、cs(物理)chemistry(化学)P.E.(体育)(20)身体部位(body)head(头)hair(头发)neck(脖子)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴巴)tooth(牙齿)ear(耳朵)face(脸)arm(手臂)hand(手)finger(手指)heart(心)back(背部)knee(膝盖)leg(腿)foot(脚)(21)亲属 father(父亲)mother(妈妈)parents(父母)grandfather/grandpa(爷爷、外公)grandmother/grandma(奶奶、外婆)grandparents(爷爷奶奶、外公外婆)brother(哥、弟)sis
8、ter(姐、妹)cousin 堂(表)兄弟、堂(表)姐妹 husband(丈夫)妻子(wife)son(儿子)daughter(女儿)uncle(叔、伯、舅、姨夫、姑父)aunt(姨母、姑母、伯母、婶母、舅母)(22)动物(animal)lion(狮子)tiger(老虎)elephant(大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig(猪)fox(狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken(鸡)hen(母鸡)bird(小鸟)rabbit(兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 4 sheep(羊)fish(鱼)ant(蚂蚁)mo
9、use(mice)/rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat(猫)monkey(猴子)pig(猪)(23)职业 teacher(老师)doctor(医生)nurse(护士)policeman(男警察)policewoman(女警察)reporter(记者)shop assistant(店员)bank clerk(银行职员)waiter(服务员)scientist(科学家)student(学生)farmer(农民)fisherman(渔夫)cook(厨师)barber(理发师)(24)公共场所 shop/store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)police station(警察局)TV
10、 station(电视站)stop(车站)cinema(电影院)theater(戏剧院)hotel(旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)factory(工厂)company(公司)market(市场)supermarket(超市)museum(博物馆)post office(邮局)school(学校)airport(飞机场)church(教堂)(25)学校(school)primary school(小学)middle school(中学)junior high school(初中)senior high school(高中)university(大学)(26)房间(room)Living-ro
11、om(起居室、客厅)bedroom(卧室)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen(厨房)(27)宇宙 sun(太阳)moon(月亮)star(星星)earth(地球)sky(天空)air(空气)rain(雨)cloud(云)wind(风)snow(雪)(28)天气(weather)sunny(晴朗的)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 5 rainy(多雨的)cloudy(多云的、阴天的)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)(29)运动(sport)basketball(篮球)football(足球)volleyball(排球)baseball(棒球)tennis(网球)table te
12、nnis/ping-pong(乒乓球)(30)乐器 drum(鼓)trumpet(喇叭)piano(钢琴)violin(小提琴)guitar(吉他)二、构词记忆法 1、合成法 由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。classroom(教室)=class+room,worldwide(全世界的)=world(世界)+wide(广泛的),downstairs(在楼下)=down(向下)+stairs(楼梯),friendship(友谊)=friend(朋友)+ship(船),everywhere(各地;到处)=every+where.homework(家庭作业)=home+work
13、,housework(家务)=house+work,southeast(东南部)=south+east,underground(地下的)=under(在下面)+ground(地面),schoolbag(书包)school+bag,homeland(故乡;祖国)home(家)+land(土地),hometown(家乡)home(家)+town(镇),basketball(篮球)basket(篮子)+ball(球),special(adj.特殊的)special(n.特色菜),stop(v.停止)stop(n.车站),countryside(乡村)country(国家;乡村)+side(边),pl
14、ayground(操场)play(玩)+ground(地面),toothbrush(牙刷)tooth+brush(刷),toothpaste(牙膏)tooth+paste(糊状物),oversleep(睡过头)over+sleep,earthquake(地震)earth(地球)+quake(震动)2、词缀记忆法(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 6(1)前缀 1)un-(不、非,表否定):able(能够的)unable(不能的)、comfortable(舒服的)uncomfortable(不舒服的)、crowded(拥挤的)uncrowded(不拥挤的)、pleasant(令人愉快的)unpl
15、easant(使人不愉快的)、usual(寻常的)unusual(不同寻常的)、healthy(健康的)unhealthy(不健康的)、happy(快乐的)unhappy(不快乐的)、friendly(友好的)unfriendly(不友好的)、2)dis-(不、非,表否定):advantage(优点、优势)disadvantage(缺点、劣势)、cover(覆盖)discover(发现)、agree(同意)disagree(不同意)、likedislike(不喜欢)、honest(诚实的)dishonest(不诚实的)、play(玩)display(陈列)3)im-(不、非,表否定):poli
16、te(有礼貌的)impolite(不礼貌的)、possible(可能的)impossible(不可能的)4)re-(又、再、重新):review(复习)、return(归还)、rewrite(重写)、recycle(再循环;回收利用)5)inter-(相互、在一起):interview(面试)、international(国际的)、internet(因特网)6)en-(使)encourage(鼓励)、endanger(危及;使遭受危险)(2)后缀 1)-or/-er(从事某职业的人或某类人):actor(演员)visitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)translator(翻译家 d
17、irector(主任;主管)singer(歌手)teacher(老师)reader(读者)writer(作家)foreigner(外国人)learner(学习者)villager(村民)winner(胜利者)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 7 foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者;物主)law(法律)lawyer(律师)特例:post(邮寄;邮政)poster(海报)、draw(画画)drawer(抽屉)、elevate(提升)elevator(电梯)、equal(平等的)equator(赤道)、cook(煮)cook(厨师)cooker(厨具)、flower(花)finger(
18、手指)slipper(拖鞋)helicopter(直升机)refrigerator(冰箱)calculator(计算器)2)-ist(人,名词后缀):science(科学)scientist(科学家)、art(艺术)artist(艺术家)、tour(n.v.旅行)tourist(旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)3)-tion(表示动作、状态,名词后缀):predict(v.预言)prediction(n.预言)、compete(v.竞争)competition(n.竞争)、invite(v.邀请)invitation(n.邀请、请柬)、invent(v.发明)invention(n.发
19、明)instruct(v.指示)instruction(n.指示;用法说明)attend(v.注意)attention(n.注意、专心)、describe(v.描述)description(n.描述)、attract(v.吸引)attraction(n.有吸引力的事物或人)、pollute(v.污染)pollution(n.污染)、donate(捐赠)donation(捐赠物;捐款)、organize(组织)organization(组织;机构)、pronounce(发音)pronunciation(发音(法))4)-ment(表示动作、状态,名词后缀):develop(v.发展)develo
20、pment(n.发展)、(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 8 advertise(v.登广告)advertisement(n.广告)、entertain(v.款待;使娱乐)entertainment(n.娱乐)、improve(v.改善)improvement(n.改善)、argue(v.争论)argument(n.争论)、state(v.陈述)statement(n.陈述;声明)、require(v.要求)requirement(n.要求)、government(政府)5)-ture/-ure(名词后缀)picture(图画)temperature(温度)future(将来)structu
21、re(结构;构造)creature(生物)pressure(压力)pleasure(愉快)6)-th(名词后缀)true(真实的)truth(真相)breath(n.呼吸)birth(n.出生)7)-ful(充满,形容词后缀):success(成功)successful(成功的)、wonder(奇迹)wonderful(精彩的)、colorcolorful(颜色鲜艳的、丰富多彩的)、beauty(美的东西)beautiful(美丽的)、carecareful(仔细的、小心的)、peacepeaceful(平静的、和平的)、playplayful(顽皮的)8)-less(没有、无,形容词后缀):
22、carecareless(粗心的)、helphelpless(无助的)、homehomeless(无家可归的)9)-y(表性质,形容词后缀):fun(乐趣)funny(有趣的)、health(健康)healthy(健康的)、sleep(睡觉)sleepy(困倦的)、taste(味道;品尝)tasty(味美可口的)、luck(运气)lucky(幸运的)、(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 9 shiny(有光泽的;发亮的)sleepy(困倦的)guilty(内疚的;有罪的)salty(含盐的;咸的)特例:photography(摄影(业))energy(活力;力量)10)-al(的,形容词后缀)
23、:nature(大自然、天性)natural(天然的、天生的、自然的)、nation(国家)national(国际的)、person(个人)personal(私人的、个人的)、medicine(药、医学)medical(医学的)、normal(正常的)、final(最后的)11)-able(能够的,形容词后缀):comfortable(舒服的)knowledgeable(知识渊博的)adjustable(可调整的)suitable(合适的)12)-ous(形容词后缀)delicious(美味的)nervous(紧张的)enormous(巨大的)13)-ern(表方向的):eastern(东方的
24、)western(西方的)southern(南方的)northern(北方的)14)-ly(形容词或副词后缀):作形容词后缀时:lovely(可爱的)friendly(友好的)lively(充满活力的)daily(每日的;日常的)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 10 作副词后缀时:usually(通常)simply(简单地)probably(可能地)really(真正地)quickly(迅速地)slowly(缓慢地)certainly(当然)clearly(清楚地;明显地)extremely(极其;非常)gradually(逐渐地)strongly(坚定地)exactly(正;恰恰)nor
25、mally(通常;正常地)15)-ed(形容词后缀):surprised(感到惊讶的)interested(感兴趣的)excited(感到兴奋的)relaxed(轻松的)worry(担心)worried(烦恼的)annoyed(恼怒的)、embarrassed(感到尴尬的)organized(有组织的)injured(受伤的)tired(疲倦的)spotted(有斑点的)endangered(濒临灭绝的)polluted(被污染的)16)-ing(形容词或名词后缀):形容词后缀:interesting(有趣的)exciting(令人兴奋的)outstanding(杰出的)amazing(令人惊
26、异的)disappointing(令人失望的)following(以下的)、(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 11 willing(乐意的;心甘情愿的)fascinating(迷人的)frustrating(令人失望的)embarrassing(令人尴尬的)tiring(令人疲倦的)confusing(令人困惑的)convincing(令人信服的)thrilling(令人激动的)misleading(令人误解的;骗人的)名词后缀:building(建筑物)training(训练)meaning(意思)ending(结局;结尾)附:国家、地区加后缀后表示“民族、语言或所属国家、地区(人或语言)
27、的”China(中国)Chinese 中国人、汉语、中国(人)的 Japan(日本)Japanese 日本人、日语、日本(人)的 England(英国)Englishman 英国人、英国男人 Englishwoman 英国女人 English 英语(的),英国(人)的 the English 总称英国人 America(美国/洲)American 美国/洲人、美国(英)语、美国(人)的 Australia(澳大利亚、澳洲)Australian 澳大利亚人、澳大利亚(人)的 India(印度)Indian 印第安人、印第安语、印度的、印第安人的 Russia(俄罗斯)Russian 俄国人、俄国
28、的 Canada(加拿大)Canadian 加拿大人、加拿大(人)的 France(法国)French 法语(的)、法国(人)的 the French 总称法国人 Frenchman 法国男人 Frenchwoman 法国女人 Germany(德国)German 德语(的)、德国(人)的 Asia(亚洲)Asian 亚洲人、亚洲(人)的 Africa(非洲)African 非洲人、非洲(人)的 Europe(欧洲)European 欧洲人、欧洲(人)的 3、转化法(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 12 一个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义密
29、切联系。show(n.展览、展示)show(v.表演、展出),water(n.水)water(v.浇水),slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢),walk(v.散步、走)take a walk(n.散步),rest(v.休息)take a rest(n.休息),look(v.看)have a look(n.看一下,看一看),store(n.商店)store(v.储存),graduate(v.毕业生)graduate(v.毕业),taste(n.味道)taste(味道;鉴赏力),sound(n.声音)sound(v.听起来),light(n.光线)light(v.点燃),study(v.学
30、习;研究)study(n.学习;研究),smell(n.嗅觉;气味)smell(v.闻),empty(adj.空的)empty(v.排空),fool(n.愚人)fool(愚弄),kid(n.小孩)kid(v.开玩笑;戏弄),land(n.陆地)land(v.着陆),display(n.陈列;展览)display(v.陈列;展览),smile(n.微笑)smile(v.微笑),waste(n.浪费;废弃物)waste(v.浪费),lock(n.锁)lock(v.锁住),book(n.书)book(v.预定),4、缩写和简写 telephonephone(电话),airplaneplane(飞机)
31、,laboratorylab(实验室),advertisementad(广告),examinationexam(考试),mathematicsmath(数学),photograghphoto(照片),veterinarianvet(兽医)、refrigeratorrefrige(冰箱),televisionT V(电视机)三、同义近义词记忆法 answerreply(回答)reachget toarrive at/in(到达)beginstart(开始)fastquick(快速的)questionproblem(问题)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 13 healthyfit(健康的)vo
32、icesound(声音)tourtrip(旅行)bicyclebike(自行车)oftenusually(常)illsick(生病的)ratmouse(老鼠)trashlitterrubbishgarbage(垃圾)possibleprobable(可能的)veryquite(非常)shopstore(商店)cleversmart(聪明的)holidayvacation(假期)cutelovely(可爱的)areadistrict(地区)filmmovie(电影)look after take care ofcare for(照顾)photophotogragh rightcorrect im
33、politerude(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)termsemester(学期)pursewallet(钱包)disappointingfrustrating(令人失望的)fixrepairmend(修理)fleeescaperun away(逃跑)smoke(抽烟)snake(蛇)themetopic(主题)perhapsprobably(或许;大概)chanceopportunity(机会)companyfirm(公司)shakequake(震动)四、反义词记忆法 manwoman boygirl mistermadam waiter(男服务生)waitress(女服务员)(新)初中英语单词分类梳
34、理记忆大全 14 police(警察)thief(小偷)beforeafter bigsmall easydifficult askanswer borrow return drywet earlylate birthdeath coldhot coolwarm carefulcareless safedangerous buysell cheapexpensive youngold newold hungryfull strongweak busyfree laughcry possibleimpossible losefind longshort tall(高的)short(矮的)high
35、(高的)low(低的)rightwrong fatthin(瘦的)updown likedislike lovehate savewaste acceptrefuse(拒绝)lightheavy firstlast takebring interestingboring(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 15 awakeasleep richpoor healthyill ancientmodern quickslow positive(积极的、肯定的)negative(消极的、否定的)pushpull beautifulugly(丑陋的)quietnoisy succeedfail clea
36、ndirty samedifferent full(饱的)hungry(饿的)full(满的)empty(空的)adult(成年人)child(小孩)huge(巨大的)tiny(微小的)native(本地的;本国的)foreign(外国的)wait in line(排队等候)cut in line(插队)out of style(过时的)in style(时尚的)soft(柔软的)hard(坚硬的)hard-working(勤勉的)lazy(懒惰的)accept(接受)refuse(拒绝)五、形近词记忆法 aloud(大声地)cloud,bandbank betterletter bedred
37、 boxfox carrymarry talkwalk fromform(形成、养成)meatmeet sheshy planplay kindking handhang(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 16 willwish wastetaste hearheart cause(引起)course(课程)treetrue soonmoon listlisten numberNovember future(将来)furniture(家具)inviteinvent,boytoy birdbridge(桥)imagine(想象)magazine(杂志)ringking,sweep(打扫)swee
38、t(甜的)ruleruler readyalready quitequiet(安静的)moneymonkey bankblank(空白的)taketape(录音带)movemovie speedspeech shirtshort thirdtired salesafe doorfloor kitchenchicken tomatopotato eightheight(高度)placepalace(宫殿)throughthough washwish dreamdrum restrestaurant cupcut watchmatch sandstand programprogress(新)初中英
39、语单词分类梳理记忆大全 17 milemilk failmail belt(带子)left readbread excuse(原谅)exercise starstay teateam strict(严厉的)district againagainst(反对)bark(吠声)dark(黑暗(的))park rocksock partypartner(伙伴)camera(相机)comedy(喜剧)shoeshow(展示、表演)tower(塔)towel(毛巾)deardeal(处理)dress(穿衣服)press(压)roof(屋顶)root(根)special(特殊的)specific(明确的;具
40、体的)fly(飞行)fry(油煎)dream(梦想)cream(奶油)rush(冲)brush(刷)chess(象棋)less(更少的)bow(鞠躬;弯腰)bowl(碗;一碗的容量)bridge(桥)porridge(粥)station(车站;站)situation(情景;形势)kill(杀害)skill(技巧)member(成员)remember(牢记)flee(逃跑)free(自由的)camp(露宿)calm(镇静的)bigpig pet(宠物)vet(兽医)popular(流行的)population(人口)square(广场)quarter(四分之一;一刻钟)complain(抱怨)e
41、xplain(解释)lazy(懒惰的)crazy(疯狂的)shall(将要)shell(贝壳)(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 18 garage(汽车库)garbage(垃圾)skin(皮肤)sink(沉没)scoop(勺子;用勺舀)spoon(调羹)middle(中间(的))riddle(谜语)staff(原料;材料)stuff(职员)cheer(喝彩;鼓励)cheese(奶酪)glue(粘贴;胶水)blue(蓝色)catch(抓住)fetch(去拿来;来拿去)plane(飞机)planet(行星)purpose(目的;意图)purse(钱包)smile(微笑)similar(相似的)p
42、ie(馅饼)tie(领带)left(左边)lift(举起)ten(十)net(网)hatchat(聊天)附录:一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级 原级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest furthest furthest 二、不规则名词复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词 ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,deerdeer,sheepsheep,fishfish(2)单
43、复数不同形的名词 childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,woman women,GermanGermans,mousemice 附:以 f(e)结尾的单词,一般变 f 为 v,再加 es 或 s。如:wifewives,knife knives,wolf wolves,thief thieves,shelfshelves,(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 19 oneselfoneselves,life lives,halfhalves,leafleaves 等,我们不妨用一首诗把这几个词记下来:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片
44、树叶遮目光。特例:roof(屋顶)其复数形式为 roofs;等等。三、不规则动词表 1.过去式与过去分词与动词原形相同的动词 beat beat beat/beaten cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read 2.原单词中字母 i 改为 a 即可变为其过去式和过去分词的动词 babysit babysat babysat sit sat sat 3.原单词中字母 i 改为 a 即可变为其过去式,字母 i 改为 u 即可变为其过去分词的动词 begin
45、 began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung sing sang sung swim swam swum 4.原单词 aw/ow 改为 ew 即可变为其过去式,单词后面加上字母 n 即可变为其过去分词的动词 draw drew drawn grow grew grown know knew known 5.原单词 eep 改为 ept 即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词 keep kept kept(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大全 20 sleep slept slept sweep swept swept 6.原单词 end 改为 ent 即可
46、变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词 lend lent lent spend spent spent send sent sent 7.过去式和过去分词以 aught/ought 结尾的动词 bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught fight fought fought think thought thought teach taught taught 8.过去式与过去分词同样的动词 build built built feed fed fed feel felt felt find found found hang
47、hung hung hanged hanged have/has had had hear heard heard hold held held lay laid laid learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lose lost lost make made made mean meant meat meet met met pay paid paid say said said show showed showed/shown spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt(新)初中英语单词分类梳理记忆大
48、全 21 stand stood stood tell told told win won won 9.其它特殊记 am/is was been are were been bear bore born break broke broken do/does did done drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten/forgot freeze froze frozen get got gotten/got give gave given go went gone lie lay lain lied lied may might /ride rode ridden run ran run see saw seen shall should /speak spoke spoken take took taken wear wore worn write wrote written