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1、全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用Total station in the highway center line conductors and MeasurementLi chun-sheng Zhao Bing Yang chun long (Nanyang City Planning Survey and Design Institute of Highway Traffic Nanyang 473003)Abstract: The total station in the highway center line conductors and the application of mea
2、surement techniques, the Total Station use matters needing attention. Key words: Total Station Road measuring techniques1 Total station in the wire measurement 1.1 Total Station Coordinate the advantages of Total Station can be used directly with the measuring point coordinate method, rather than po
3、lar coordinates law required, so that heavy equipment operators from the calculation of the data out. Outside the industry are now virtually no records, only a simple mind and the next point with the point of the relationship between the finishing industry for the reference period, but also do not h
4、ave staff with a record of the calculation. Finishing in a time when the industry as long as the data transmission from the total station to PC2E500 calculator, or directly to the data input to a computer, after coordinate adjustment, on the computer using Auto CADdrawing software such as points, cu
5、t-off point, and calculated the angle value of each curve, the distance between the point of intersection as well as the coordinates of each pile and so. 1.2 Note and the application of state-controlled three-dimensional coordinates of points Coordinates method used before, as far as possible the co
6、untry to find control points and control points of these three-dimensional coordinates, and these control points through the joint test, not only can test their measurement accuracy, and error-yun Xu scope can be carried out through the adjustment of these coordinates, so that a higher measurement a
7、ccuracy. 1.3 Point set should take into account the need to take the middle lane In the set point, not only should be wire line control points, that is, to point the center line should also prepare for the release, depending on the route pass conditions, and higher terrain can be laid at a number of
8、 aircraft equipment, the benefits of doing so is to take the middle lane when there is a greater choice and do not have equipment for an additional two points to allow devices to stop several times. 1. 4 Apparatus after the operation and staffing, as the role of staff Total Station with the road gen
9、erally traversing a total of 5 6 people, depending on the location of the previous 3 to 4 people, equipment operator 1, the latter depending on a person. After the total station as the staff can record more points, the center line of the latter line of measurement and design can play a very large ro
10、le. Works through the following specific examples to illustrate the importance of after, as the staff. Henan Provincial Highway 23 in Nanyang City Line to Bangladesh floor habitats Dengzhou secondary roads traversing alteration works, because it is the old GM, the measurement principle is to meet th
11、e regulatory requirements under the premise of using the old as much as possible. Easy to control the general line segment, and the Department in order to bend as much as possible along the old road on the bend radius must be a very suitable choice. We measured the key is: the people, as after the a
12、fter, after, as, to turn the corner along the old release 5 6 bend radius control point, so Total Station to record the coordinates of points, so within the industry to deal with wires, the Department of these bend lines such as the use of design software in Haiti through the debug radius curves mak
13、e as much as possible through these points. If both sides of a longer and a lot of flat curves Housing Department, later, as in the old curve measured 12 points to control the curve, including the industry deal with the position found in the complex curve is the best option to avoid the set caused b
14、y the demolition of a multi-radius curves and linear non-ideal errors. 1.5 Wires should be noted that the issue of measurement Total Station with the wire used to fight some of the areas in need of special attention, otherwise large errors may arise even lead to rework. 1） When the latter, as we mus
15、t pay attention to people after the legislation, as the latter point of view and coordinate with the importation of equipment and take the points Consistent standard, it is best to use walkie-talkie communications with each other like dots with a prism depending on the exhausted, the used equipment
16、after the release point of view to see whether the same location, so that error probability can be reduced to a minimum. Henan Provincial Highway 48 in line Xixia throughout the wire measurement, as first-time coordinates, apparatus, aircraft operators will view the site and post the coordinates of
17、the anti-lost, resulting in Show map on your computer when the road at this location found that the 180 fold kok returned to make the work day has become work with no avail 2） Where possible, after the point of view from the plane farther from the site as possible, under normal circumstances, after
18、the two sites and between the point of view Put up a station should not be less than the distance to the distance between the measuring point, so to ensure accuracy. 3） In the measurement of coordinates do not bring down the mirror, because the whole point Miriam core essence of the coordinates of l
19、aw or by the declination, the distance obtained internal calculation by the total station data processing modules are converted into coordinates, so bring down the mirror coordinate system is equivalent to rotating the whole 180 , that is to say less biased angle of 180 , the result of course is wro
20、ng. 4） Total height measurement has its limitations, the measurement error of the main elevation of the observation error for the vertical angle, ranging error, apparatus, high With high measurement error of the prism, which is three kinds of errors in vertical angle observation the impact of the er
21、ror the most, only to take appropriate measures to improve the accuracy of observation, such as the use of spy license allowed the goal to replace the prism as the appropriate measure to increase the number of short-distance transmission of elevation, carefully check the amount of high equipment and
22、 higher prism. Under normal circumstances, traversing the measuring point in the elevation values for reference only, and can not be used as the standard of measurement. 2 Total Station in the center line Measurement 2.1put up a station in the location of choice As far as possible to select those hi
23、gher, depending on the conditions of a good pass, you can see more points in the online position. We have just started using Total Station, when not paid much attention to this point, the results tend to move off station More, not only affect the progress, but also accuracy. Especially in mountainou
24、s areas, such as on top of a mountain we can see a few kilometers around the location in the pile, and along both sides of the road often requires several stations put uo a station can only be deposited end of this set up the center line. Another example is the middle of the mountains edge streamlet
25、 actinomycete line, as the horizontal alignment is often not ideal, many hills to block line of sight, always need to stop several times to move, if we choose to route the other side of the river the mountain, The ground floor or the roof of the residents do, such as the location for put up a statio
26、n can be highly effective. 2.2 points fewer processing Total Station, as the barrier encountered by the laying of the center line, in the case of small points should be taken from the machines can see the most recent release Points (generally not in the line of points) for the reference approach. Ro
27、utes in the mountains and the obstacles were more buildings, and sometimes moving equipment will take a 12 point move is often no longer the other stations, But with the mobile reference point and reference point for measuring a combination of methods, each has made to save time, effort, and the res
28、ults meet the accuracy requirements. 2.3 Total Measurement Application of functional skills Although the level of total station measurements cumbersome procedures, and accuracy is not high, but sometimes the function of height can be measured effectively. As in Mountain edge streamlet line measureme
29、nt of change, some routes in several midline point on the mountain, if measured by leveling to the elevation of these points, based on past experience, Level turn to the hilltop after two previous instruments Easily lead to error is too large, resulting in closure between the standard points. Our ap
30、proach is: in the mountains at the foot of the election of a fixed reference point for comparison, With total station read out the points of Z-axis height, and then release with Total Station in the midline point of these hills, when they point the way to measure the Z-axis height can be calculated
31、in relation to these points, the reference point the foot of the hill .The elevation, so that measured by leveling the height of the reference point, coupled with the height difference between them, they will have the hills on the center line of the elevation points. This the benefit is: does not af
32、fect the measurement accuracy has been the high point of the mountain at the same time, the way to avoid leveling easily lead to the standard of the hill between the occurrence of non-closure. 2.4 Total Station with other measurement methods used in conjunction Measuring Total Station can be centerl
33、ine to improve the measurement speed, but because of its own measurement of the use of the mechanism of making it have some limitations, such as the barrier, when, as often required when moving points, in particular Measurement in the plains, as station equipment to move a lot of time to delay, the
34、impact of the measurements. In fact, the process of laying the center line does not necessarily have to rely too much on total station, in conjunction with the previous tape under a flower, wear bar Law. We micro-hill in the plains areas, especially in areas with more line segments, the method of me
35、asuring the center line is: only used to take control of Total Station Point, that is, line segments, one for every 300 m center line, the curve point above the center line of the release by the Total Station, straight from the points A, B 2 personal expertise lay in front of the middle group, after
36、 the laying of A continue to the front 300 m down a center line point B to stay under to take a flower behind the center line group when the Front View, from the center line group using binoculars, measuring tape, flower clubs, walkie-talkies and other tools to wear bar, which line group to the The
37、full Miriam released the centerline station point for review by 2:00 after passing in front of 300 m A Department Total points also to the well, B to A, as the Department before the legislature, A continues to move forward, it can be the middle of Total Station through the walkie-talkie Midline grou
38、p to review their use of under law to wear the point release. Another very important point is: Total removal of the time points chosen the best straight Segment on the benefits of such a group is not waiting for equipment to move the center line and lay-off points. We use this method in 23 provincia
39、l line Nanyang City of Henan Dengzhou Habitat Bangladesh floor to paragraph (plain micro Hill area) the conversion of secondary roads Measurement of the center line, hit a one-day speed of the laying of 10 km. 3 Conclusion Total Station in China in recent years, there is only a matter of universal a
40、pplication of a large area has just begun, but it has brought us convenience is of very significant. In the use of Total Station, will have their own experiences, experience skills, if each user will be able to devote their own experiences, for both of us will be a big asset. References1 Peoples Republic of industry standards. JTJ 061 -99 investigation norms Road. Beijing: PeoplesTraffic Press, 1999 2 Nie so. Total Station with the measurement of high-grade highways. Beijing. Peoples Traffic Press, 1999.287 300From: TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,2005.57