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1、学校 班级 姓名专题情态动词【复习目标】一、要求学生能说出情态动词的分类及用法，掌握情态动词在一 般疑问句中的问与答，会熟练做题。二、要求学生能进行情态动词的辨析，掌握情态动词表示猜测的 用法，并熟练做题。【考点讲解】情态动词是表示能力、请求、命令、猜测等说话人的语气或情态 的动词。情态动词本身具有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和动 词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。河北中考试卷中的常见 直接考查方式单项选择和完形填空。主要考查的方式为结合句意进 行情态动词词义辨析。连词成句，主要考查的方式为在构成句子时正 确使用情态动词，尤其考查在构成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时情态动 词的使用。一、情
2、态动词的分类及用法（一）can/could的基本用法1 .表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to转换, 过去时是could o例： He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.Can you play basketball? No, I cant.如果表示将来具备的能力，要用will be able to。例：If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem.2 .表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例： 一Can we go home
3、now, please?一 No, you cant.（二）may/might的基本用法表示“许可”，用can比较口语化，过去时是mighto例：You may / can come if you wish.如果你想来，你就来。A. would B. could C. had to D. needed18. To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.A. should B. may C. could D. might19.1 thi
4、nk Jane come here. Its too far away from her house.A. mustntB. mustC. may not D. may情态动词专项复习答案情态动词辨析答案（一）must 和 have1. C 2C（二）can 和 could1A 2C 3 D（三）shall 和 shouldC情态动词表推测针对练习1C 2 B综合练习IC 2C 3 B 4A5C 6C 7C河北5年真题1 A 2 B中考练兵1 D 2 A 3 A 4B 5 D6 A 7C 8 B 9 B 10 A11D 12 B 13 C 14 C 15 D 16 C 17 B 18 A 19
5、 CYou may not pick flowers in this park.本公园内不许摘花。（may not表示按规定不许可,如用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。） 一May I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗？一No, you mustnt.不行。（mustnt表示明确的禁止。）（三）must的基本用法：1 .表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。例：I must go now, or Til be late.You must be here by ten oclock.2 .表示推测，一般只用于肯定陈述句，表示非常肯定。例：She didnt look at me. She mu
6、st be angry.她不朝我看，一定是 生气了。（四）have to的基本用法：have to可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不 同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变 化，要视主语不同而变化。例：I / You /We/ They have to.He / She / It has to.You dont have to.Does she have to.?和must不同之处：must强调主观需要，have to强调客观需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now.对不起，现在我得走了。（五）need的基本用法：need的基本
7、词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。1 . need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形 式，后接动词原形。：I don believe you need worry.我相信你没有 必要焦急。一Need we go so soon?我们需要这么早就去吗？一 Yes, we must. / No, we needn.是的，必须。/不，不必。So I neednt tell him, need I?所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：You needn buy the coat.你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You neednt have boug
8、ht the coat.你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而 你却买了）2 .need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果人作主语，一般后接带t。的动词不定式。即need to do sth；如果物作主语，一般后用need to be done或need doing stho 例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary.My watch needs mending/to be mended.我的手表需要修理 了。We dont need to work today. （= We neednt work today.）Does he need
9、 to go right now? （= Need he go right now?） （六）shall的基本用法:1 .表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea?我给你点茶好吗？2 .表说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三 人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） （七）will/would的基本用法：will1 .表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you.我愿为你做任何事。2 .表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It
10、，s a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有 点冷。3 .表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。would1 .表意愿I said I would do anything for you.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2 .表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？3 .表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。
11、他告诉我盒子打不开了。（八）ought to表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管 他。二、情态动词辨析（一 ）must 和 have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态 度，have to则表示客观上的需要。1 .When traffic lights are red. We stop and wait.A. may B. can C. must D. might.2 . I can*t stop playing
12、computer games.一For your eyes, my boy, Pm afraid you.A.can B. may C. have to（二）can 和 could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可（常用在 口语中）或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度（常用于否定句、疑问句或感 叹句中）。1. Could I borrow your dictionary?一Of course you.A. can B. must C. should D. will2. 一Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?一No. It be Tom.
13、He has gone to Paris.A. may not B. needntC. cant3. Mary,you speak Chinese? Yes, only a little.A. must B. need C. may D. can（三）shall 和 shouldshall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于第二、三 人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺 或威胁等”。should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当，止匕时 可用。ughtto替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪（用在疑 问句中）；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。S
14、choolsallow students at least one hour a day for sports.A. would B. might C. should D. could三、情态动词表推测的用法（一）肯定句中表推测常用may和must.情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都可表推测。其中must 的可能性最大，can/could次之，may/might最小。This book may be Lilys. Im not sure.这本书可能是莉莉的，我不 太确定。This book must be Lilys.Look,her name is on
15、the cover.这本书定 是莉莉的.看,书皮上有她的名字。（二）否定句中常用can、表推测，意为“不可能”。此处重点区 分mustnt, mustnt意为禁止，不允许”,不可以表示否定的推测。The man over there cant be Mr Zheng, because he has gone to Beijing. 那边的那个人不可能是郑先生，因为他去北京了。（三）疑问句中只用can表推测Can the news be true?这消息是真的吗？【针对练习】1 .Yoube tired after working for eight hours without a rest.A
16、. can B. may C. must D. need2 .Look at the boy running on the ground. Is it Davis?It be him. I saw him go to the teachers office just now.A. must B. cant C. could D. might四、答语确定情态动词答语的基本原则为用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情 态动词作答。但也有一些例外情况，这些也是考试的常见考点。（一）May I?句型的否定回答常用cant或mustntMay I play computer games now, mom? 我现在
17、可以玩电脑游 戏吗，妈妈？一No, you cant / mustnt. 不，你不可以。（二）Must I.?句型的否定回答常用 necdrft 或 don5t have to也就是：一Must I/we do it now?一Yes, you must.No, you neednt /dont have to .Must I finish my homework tonight?我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？No,you neednt / dont have to .You can do it tomorrow不，你不必。你可以明天再写。（三）Could I.?句型的答语常用can作答一 Cou
18、ld I use your bike for a while?我可以用一会儿你的自行车吗？一Sure,you can.当然，你可以。（四）Need I.?句型的答语，肯定回答一般用must,否定回答一般 用 needntNeed I leave so soon?我有必要那么快就走吗？一Yes, you must. 是的，你必须这样。【综合练习】1. 一Is that girl in red Sally?No, it her. She has gone to Hong Kong.A. may be B. must be C. cant be2. Dick,I use your dictionar
19、y?一Yes, please.you give it to Mike after you use it?A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can; Could D. shall; Should3. 一I think her dress comes from the 1970s.It be from that time. It looks so modern on her.A.mustnt B. cant C. wont D. wouldnt4. Must I do my homework now, mom?. You can do it tomorrow.A.No
20、, you neednt B. No, you mustntC. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must5. 一your brother speak Japanese?一Yes, he has learnt it in Tokyo for three years.A.Should B. Must C. Can D. May6. Can I walk across the road now, mom?-No, you. You have to wait until the light turns green.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt
21、D. neednt7. I finish the homework this afternoon?一No, you neednt. It before Friday.A. Can; can finishB. Must; must finishC. Must; can be finished D. Can; must be finished【河北5年真题】1. （2017 7可北 30 题）I have travelled a lot. I speak fourlanguages.A. can B. mayC. must D. need2. （2015 河北 28 题）Theres an imp
22、ortant football match today.I miss it.A. may B. cant C. must D. neednt【中考练兵】1. （2019 安徽）The designer has tried every possible way to makethe robot light, so you worry about its weight.A. must B. may C. cant D. neednt2. （2019 连云港）According to the notice, guests at this hotel use the sports center at
23、no extra cost.A. can B. should C. must D. need3. （2019 日照）You be very tired with the long drive.Lets stop to have a rest.A. must B. can C. shall D. need4. （2019 青岛）As middle school students, we follow the public rules wherever we go.A. would B. should C. might D. could5. （2019 本溪）The man _be a docto
24、r in this hospital, but Im not sure.A. must B. would C. can D. might6. （2019 抚顺）Its a rule that students bring mobile phonesto our school.A. mustnt B. wouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt7. （2019 苏州改编）Some people dont show their talents at the very beginning.Even Einstein read until he was seven.A. cantB. m
25、ustnt C. couldnt D. neednt8. （2019 株洲改编）Every one of us always breathe the samebreath and share the same future as the people.A. might B. should C. could D. would9. （2019 邢台 3 中三模）Look! Little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.A. shouldnt B. cantC. mustnt D. neednt10. （2019 石家庄 43 中三模）The b
26、oy be Jason. He is now inLondon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not11. （2019 石家庄 17 中二模）Im a little thirsty. I have a cup of water?A. WillB. Should C. NeedD. May12. As long as you keep practicing speaking English every day, you speak it well.A. needB. canC. shall D. would13.1 leave now. Tony is w
27、aiting for me.A. canB. mayC. mustD. may14. 一Must I wait here all the morning? I have a lot of work to do.一No, you. You may be back in the afternoon.A. mustnt B. cant C. dont have to D. shouldnt15. The man over there be Mr. Li. He often wears a blue coat.A. willB. should C. shall D. may16. All the students know cheating in the exam is not allowed. After all, honesty is the best quality.A. needB. may C. must D. can17. Lucy has a great talent in music. She write her own music at the age of ten.