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1、语法专题十六、主谓一致印考点精讲主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。有三条原则:1 .语法一致原则2.意义一致的原则3.就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为 复数,谓语动词也采用复数形式。1、主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等,谓语 动词用单数。 Coffee is more popular in western countries.2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。如: Some boys are playing in the park.3、由an
2、d或bothand来连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Swimming and walking are good exercises.注意1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式 (这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如: Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a , more than one修饰时, 其谓语动词用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right
3、to receive education. Many a student is having practice in that factory.4、如果主语后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides9 including, no less than, rather than ,as much as, more than, in addition to等时,谓语动词的 数和主语保持一致。 An English teacher together with some students has
4、 climbed the mountain. Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.5、“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;The number of+复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: A large number of buildings were burnt down.时态是一般现在时,谓语动词使用动词原形take。故选:Bo据报道,我市一些学校的 学生每天都上体育课。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。28(2020全国单元须(试)一Do you enjoy the son
5、gs sung by Jay Chou?一Of course. Not only I but also my parents his fans.A. amB. areC. wasD. were【答案】B【解析】句意: 你喜欢周杰伦演唱的歌曲吗? 当然,不仅我,而且我的父母都 是他的粉丝。not onlybut also引导的成分做主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,这里 parents是复数,句子叙述现在的情况,时态用一般现在时,所以用are,故选:B。29. (2014江苏省南通市历年真题)Some of the 叩pies are bad, but I believe the rest swee
6、t.A. tasteB. tastesC. are tastedD. is tasted【答案】A【解析】句意:有些苹果是坏的,但是我相信剩下的一些尝起来是甜的。这里the rest代 指的剩下的许多苹果,是复数,故排除B、D;又因为taste是系动词,不能用被动形式, 故排除C;故选A。30. (2020全国单元测试)Not only Jack but also I crazy about the football match.A. amB. isC. areD. be【答案】A【解析】考查be动词及主谓一致的原则。not onlybut also不仅而且,是固定搭配, 遵循就近原则,即谓语
7、动词随后面靠近它的主语保持一致。后面的主语I是第一人称, 故be动词用am。故选A。31. (2015山东省青岛市历年真题)一Listen! Theresomeoneat the door.一It must be your sister.A. is; knocking B. is; knockC. are; knocking D. are; knock【答案】A【解析】句意:听!有人正在敲门。肯定是你的妹妹。有人正在做某事There be sb. doing sth.; someone后用现在分词表示动作在进行,故B、D项错误;不定代词 someone作主语,be动词要用is,因此要用ther
8、e is。故选A。32. (2014.山东省泰安市.历年真题)一 Whatthe number of the students in your school?一 About two thousand. A number of them from the countryside.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:你们学校的学生人数是多少?约二千人。他们 中的许多人来自农村。is是,be动词单数形式;are是,be动词复数形式。the number of.的数量,后接可数名词复数,作句子主语时,主语是number,
9、谓语动词用单数形 式,排除选项CD; anumber of许多的,大量的,后接可数名词复数,作句子主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式,排除选项B,故选A。33. (2015贵州省安顺市历年真题)一What would you like to have for your birthday?Either noodles or bread OK. I dont mind.A. amB. isC. areD. be【答案】B【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处是主系表结构,排除D;根据主语either.可知 此短语做主语时,符合就近原则。也就是谓语动词要根据离他最近的bread来确定。bread 为不可数名词,谓
10、语动词用is。故选B。34. (2015-山东省泰安市历年真题)Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当会议开始时,除了迈克和琳达每个人都在那。 由时间状语从句when the meeting began可知,主句要用过去时态,排除A、B选项;主 语是由except连接的,谓语与except之前的部分保持一致,即与Everyone 一致,故此 处系动词用was。故选C。35. (2016山东省滨州市历年真题)一What
11、do you think of the environment here?一 Wonderful!of the land covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; isB. Two fifth; isC. Two fifths; are【答案】AD. Two fifth; are【解析】句意:你觉得这里的环境怎么样? 太好了。五分之二的陆地覆盖着树 木和草。two fifths五分之二,分数的表达法是:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1, 分母用复数;有分数修饰的名词作主语,其谓语动词与所修饰的名词保持一致。land陆 地,是不可数名词,与系动词i
12、s搭配使用。故选A。36. (2015贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州历年真题)LucyLily like singing.A. Either, orB. Neither, norC. Not only, but alsoD. Both, and【答案】D【解析】句意:Lucy和Lily都喜欢唱歌。A选项的意思是“或者.或者”,表示 选择关系;B选项意思是“两者都不”,表示对前后二者的否定;C选项的意思是“不但 而且.”;D选项的意思是“两者都”,表示对前后两者的肯定,后面的谓语动词使用原 型。ABC选项后面的谓语动词都是就近一致原则,Lily是专有名词,谓语动词应是第 三人称单数形式,根据Luc
13、y和Lilylike singing.like是动词原形,此处应是Both,ando故选D。37. (2015-湖北省孝感市历年真题)My friend and I are interested in drawing , but of us is good at it.A. neitherB. bothC. noneD. all【答案】A【解析】句意:我和朋友都对画画感兴趣,但是我们没一个擅长。A. neither两者中没有 一个,根据居中主语My friend and I是两个,后面又是is,所以句意是两个都不,neither 符合;B. both两个都,与句意不符;C.三者或三者以上,与句
14、意不符;D.三者或三者 以上,与句意不符。故选A。38. (2015,黑龙江省哈尔滨市历年真题)Doing eye exercises _one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.A. IsB. areC. were【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:做眼保健操是保护我们的眼睛的有用的方法之一。 doing eye exercises为动名词短语,在句中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故选A。39. (2016上海市历年真题)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.A. beB. a
15、mC. isD. are【答案】D【解析】此处考查主谓一致。主语为thetwins,表示双胞胎,是两个人,为复数,因此 谓语的系动词为are。故选D。40. (2014.贵州省安顺市.历年真题)Look, the set of keys _on the teachefs desk.A. areB. wereC. isD. was【答案】C【解析】答案:C根据the set of keys _on the teachefs desk.这串钥匙在老师的桌子 上.可知,这句话的主语是the set of keys,强调的是一串钥匙,主语是单数,因此谓语 动词应该用单数形式.所以排除A, B,根据Lo
16、ok, the set of keys,这里应该用一般 现在时态.故选:C.41. (2022北京市期末考试)一Whats in the picture on the wall?一There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.A. hasB. areC. isD. have【答案】c【解析】句意:墙上的照片里有什么? 有一个老师和一些学生正在操场上踢足 球。there be句型表示某地有某物,there be句型遵循就近原则,即be动词的形式和靠 的最近的主语保持一致,a teacher是名词单数,可以判断
17、be动词用is。故选C。42. (2016湖北省孝感市历年真题)Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life.A. amB. isC. areD. be【答案】C【解析】句意:Kate和我都为新的高中生活做好了准备。bothand两者都,后面的谓 语要用复数;be ready for为做准备,所以此处的be动词要用are,故选C。43. (2023河北省邯郸市期末考试)In our school library there_ a number of books and the number of them growing larger a
18、nd larger.A. is; are【答案】CB. has; isC. are; isD. have; are【解析】这里考查了 There be句型,表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而 并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,句中有若干个名词作主语,动词be常与后 面主语中的第一个名词在数上一致.have 一般表示某人有某物,故排除.anumberof一些, 许多;the number of.的数目.a number of修饰可数名词复数,在这里a number of books 表示许多书,是一个复数形式,所以be动词应该用are, the number of,表.的数量
19、,作 主语看做单数,所以be动词用is.故选C.44. (2021 全国同步练习)一The number of tourists over 33 million this year.一 Yes.A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of city.A. is; have come B. is; has come C. are; has come D. are; have come【答案】A【解析】句意:今年的游客人数超过了 3300万。是的。由于城市的新面貌, 到目前为止,许多旅游者已经来了。根据this year可
20、知,第一空要用一般现在时,the number of作主语表示“的数量”,要用is;由so far可知,第二空要用现在完成时: have/has+过去分词。a large number of表示“许多。由于tourists是可数名词复数,要用 have。故选 Ao45.(2022云南省专项测试)_ my father my mother take good care of me. I love them so much.A. Either; orB. Both; andC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also【答案】B【解析】句意:我的爸爸和妈妈把我照顾的很好,
21、我非常爱他们。bothand表示 和都(两者)、either. or.表示“或者或者(谓语动词采取就近原则); neithernor.表示“既不也不(谓语动词采取就近原则);not only.but also.表示“不仅而且”(谓语动词采取就近原则);根据句意和谓语动词take,故选 Bo46.(2020全国单元测试)Either the students or the teacher him very well.1 . knowsB. to knowC. knowD. knew【答案】A【解析】句意:不是学生对他非常了解就是那个老师对他非常了解。根据语境可知,此 句用一般现在时。either
22、or要么要么,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语 动词遵循就近原则。靠近谓语动词的主语teacher是可数名词的单数,故谓语动词用单 数第三人称形式。根据句意,故选A。47 . (2020黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市期末考试)The girl with two cats in the yard whenthe earthquake happened.A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing【答案】A【解析】句意为:当地震发生的时候,小女孩和两只猫正在院子里玩。本句表示的是过 去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行或发生的动作,应用过去进行
23、时。with介词,和一起, 在句中起修饰作用,所以句子主语是the girl,依据题意,故选A。48 .(2021 全国单元测试)一Whafs in the picture?一There a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.A. isB. areC. hasD. have【答案】A【解析】句意:图片里有什么? 名老师和一些学生在操场上玩游戏。此处是 there be句型,遵循就近原则,teacher是名词单数,所以be动词用is,故选A。49 .(2020黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市期末考试)How time flies
24、! Several years since westarted our middle school life. We will keep the pleasant experiences in our minds.A. have pass B. has passedC. will pass【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:时光飞逝!自从开始中学生活后,已经过 了很多年。我们将会在脑海中保留这段美好的记忆。由“since we started our middle school life”可知,应用现在完成时,排除C; several years虽然是复数形式,但它表示时间段,
25、所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故选B。50 .(20203胡 J匕省单元测试)一We ordered beef noodles, but any beef in the noodles.一Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.A. there isntB. there isC. there arent D. there are【答案】A【解析】句意: 我们点了牛肉面,但里面没有牛肉。戴上你的眼镜,你就可以看到 牛肉了。A.根据句意要用there be结构的否定形式,排除B, D;又因牛肉beef是不可数名 词,故答案为A。The number o
26、f students in our school is 2500.6、one of+复数名词+谓语动词单数”表示之一。 One of my pen friends is from Beijing.7、none of后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。如; None of those books is/ are good.8、由one, each other, every one, eachand作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has a math book.9、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词和不定代词either/ neither
27、+of+n.作主语时,谓 语动词用单数。 Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health. Neither of the two computers is cheap.10、在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先 行词的数一致。例如: It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.11、由“分数或百分数+of+名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后 面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如: Two
28、thirds of the country is dry or desert. 30 percent of the students in our class are girls.12、glasses, pants, trousers, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, shoes, gloves等名词作主语时,谓语动词 用复数形式,但如果前有“a kind of,或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of, a pair of等+名 词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如: This kind of men is dangero
29、us.考点二、意义一致原则,是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致。1 以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team, crew, crowd, public等集 体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式:当作主语被看作一个整体时,谓语用单 数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数。如: Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. Our class are playing a basketbal
30、l match tomorrow.2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如people,police,cattle等,作复数看待,谓语在任何情况 下都用复数。而有些名词如news, politics等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数。注意population单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而前面有some, most或与分数、百 分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口 的大多数是工人。 The population in our country is very large,
31、 and eighty percent of the population are farmers.3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则, 通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数。如: Twenty years is a long time to us.对于我们来说,20年是一段很长的时间。 One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 千英镑是彳艮大笔钱。4、如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时,往往根据意义一致原则,来决定谓语动词的单、复数形 式。表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式。
32、 The old is taken good care of in our country.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。 The sick is one of the students in our class.那位病人是我们班的一个学生。5、“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如 glasses, trousers (裤子),shoes ,chopsticks (筷子),goods (货物),scissors (剪刀),socks, compasses (圆规),但如果这些
33、名词前有apair of,等量词修饰时,(clothes被修饰a suit of), 谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如: Your trousers need washing.你的裤子该洗 了。 My glasses are new.我的眼镜是新的。 A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。三、就近一致原则,即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。1 当or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also. notbut,whetheror等连接两个 并列主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于最
34、靠近于它的名词或代词。 Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. Not only the mother but also the children were there.2、在there be或here be句型,主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。 There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room.k考点精练中考语法一主谓一致专项练习(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分。)1. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Each of usWeChat(微
35、信)nowadays, even the oldpeople.A. playsB. playC. playingD. played【答案】A【解析】句意:现在我们每个人都用微信,甚至是老年人也用。由语境可知,此处描述目前 的一种现象,应用一般现在时;不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选 Ao2. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Here are somefor you to read.A. milkB. teaC. books【答案】C【解析】句意:这里有一些书给你看。milk牛奶,不可数名词;tea茶,不可数名词;books 书,可数名词复数。here be结构,谓语就近原
36、则,are后用可数名词复数。3. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)一Tom, whats your dad doing?一He my bike.A. repairB. repairsC. is repairing D. will repair【答案】C【解析】句意:汤姆,你的爸爸正在做什么? 他正在修理我的自行车。repair表示 修理,动词;根据题干中what s your dad doing?可知此处询问爸爸正在做什么,现在进行 时态,其结构是主语+is/am/are doingo4. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)After the boys homework, he went o
37、ut to play.A. finishedB. finishesC. was finished D. is finished【答案】C【解析】句意:这个男孩做完家庭作业后,就出去玩了。主语“作业”与谓语“完成”关系为被 动,且根据he went out to play.可知描述过去发生的事应使用一般过去时的被动语态: was/were done,主语不可数名词谓语应使用was finishedo5. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Everyonehere. Lets go.A. amB. areC. is【答案】C【解析】句意:大家都来了。让我们走。主语不定代词Everyone,谓语应使
38、用is。6. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Not only Sam but also his parents coming to China soon.A. isB. areC. were【答案】B【解析】句意:不仅Sam而且他的父母很快就要来中国了。由not (only)but (also)连接的并 列成分作主语时,其谓语动词常与临近的主语保持人称和数的一致;his parents表示复数意 义,因此be动词应用复数形式,排除A;由soon和位移动词coming可知,句子用现在进 行时表示将来。7. (2022新疆维吾尔自治区历年真题)The survey on the childre
39、n _ that more than five sixths of them _ interested in science books because they seems a little boring.A. show; isB. shows; are C. shows; isD. show; are【答案】B【解析】句意:对孩子们的调查显示,超过六分之五的孩子对科学书籍感兴趣,因为它 们看起来有点枯燥。第一个空的主语是Show,谓语动词show用三单形式;第二个空 five sixths of them,谓语动词用复数are。结合选项,故选B。8. (2022黑龙江省绥化市历年真题)Wi
40、th the introduction of the ndouble reduction* policy (双 减政策),one of the that the students have less homework.A. changes; is B. change; isC. changes; are【答案】A【解析】。neofthe后接可数名词复数,表示什么中的一个,动词用第三人称单数形式, the在这里起强调的作用。因此A选项符合题意。故选:Ao随着“双减”政策的出台, 其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。做题时,把握关键词,确定名词和谓语动词的单 复数形式。9. (2022*贵州省铜仁市
41、历年真题)-Using public chopsticksnecessary when eatingwith others.-That*s right.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】A【解析】is单数;are复数;was是is/am的过去式;were是are的过去式。根据句意可 知,句子陈述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,Using public chopsticks是动名词短语 在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。故选:A。-与他人一起用餐时,使用公共筷 子是必耍的。-你说的对。掌握动名词短语做主语,谓语动词用单数的知识点,分析时 态,选择合适答案。10. (202
42、2四川省达州市.历年真题)-Hurry up, Jason! Were going to the cinema, but the clothes still need_ .-Dont worry. I think thirty minutes _ enough.A. washing; are B. to wash; are C. to wash; is D. washing; is【答案】D【解析】衣服是被洗,need doing表示被动,thirty minutes看作一个整体,谓语动词要 用第三人称单数。故选:D。-快点,杰森!我们要去看电影,但是衣服还需要洗。-别 担心。我认为三十分钟足
43、够了。主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对动名词的掌握。11. (2021全国历年真题)Some people think one of the most useful inventions _ the smartphone.A. areB. isC. wereD. be【答案】B【解析】句意:有人认为智能手机是最有用的发明之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+名 词复数,表示最之一,谓语动词应用单数,故选B。12. (2022全国模拟题)Theretwo people waiting for you outside now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】B【解析】句
44、意:现在外面有两个人在等你。there be句型表示某地有某物。根据时间状 语now可知,此处是一般现在时,主语是two people复数,be动词使用are,故选B。 13. (2022四川省遂宁市模拟题)1 plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars enough.A. wasB. areC. isD. were【答案】C【解析】句意:我计划下个月去美国旅行,我想2000美元足够了。结合句子,Ithink后 接省略that的宾语从句,主句时态为一般现在时,从句时态由语境确定。此处从句陈述 事实,时态也用一般现
45、在时。主语2000dollars视为一个整体,表示单数意义,所以be 动词用is,故选C。14. (2022全国期中考试)The zebra eats grass, but it eat meat.A. doesntB. didntC. dont【答案】A【解析】句意:斑马吃草,但它不吃肉。doesnl一般现在时;didnt一般过去时;dont 原形。根据eats第三人称单数可知,一般现在时态,主语it“它”第三人称单数,含有实 义动词,否定句用助动词doesnt。故选:A。15. (2021 全国单元测试)The number of the whales smaller and smalle
46、r because ofhuman activities now.A. wereB. wasC. isD. are【答案】C【解析】句意:由于人类的活动,现在鲸鱼的数量越来越少。thenumberof+复数名词, 意思是“的数量”,作主语,表示单数;根据now可知用一般现在时。故选C。16. (2021 全国单元测试)Look! Julia as well as her sisters a kite on the playground.A. flyB. fliesC. is flyingD. are flying【答案】C【解析】句意:看!茱莉亚和她的姐妹们正在操场上放风筝。根据Look!判断时态为现 在进行时,谓语动词用“am/is/are+doing”的形式,主语Julia as well as her sisters是由as wellas连接,主谓一致遵循“就远原则”,Julia是专有名词,be动词用is,fly的现在分词 为 flying o17. (2021 全国单元测试)Fresh watermore important than anything else.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】A【解析】句意:淡水比其他任何东西都重要。根据句意可知,此句在陈述一个事实,故 应用一般现在时,c、D选项可排除.句子主语wat