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1、高一英语初高中衔接专题 3 专题十：定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练 一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place wh
2、ere Chairman Mao once lived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk mu ch but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作宾语：She is th
3、e person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called“The Great Escape”.3.作定语 关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语 Ill never forget the day when I first c
4、ame to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has c
5、ome.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.高一英语初高中衔接专题 3 I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作
6、主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspape r over there?6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arriv ed in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house wher
7、e we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使
8、用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况：(1)先行词是 all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.(2)先行词被 only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高
9、级修饰的词。This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用 which，不用 that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.关系代词和关系副词例如二关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句在先行词和定语从句之词可作状语作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时
10、从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致例如作宾语作定语关系在定语从句中作宾语例如指人在定语从句中作定语例如高一英语初高中衔接专题指物在定语从中作主语或宾语例如多高一英语初高中衔接专题 3 (2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【演练】1.-Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh!Its Mr Baker,our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.whic
11、h 2.I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.This is the pla ce _I have ever v
12、isited.A.there B.when C.where D.which 6.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when 7.The moon is a world _ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.He still remembers the days _ he s
13、pent with your family.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 10.Mr.Whi te,_ car had been stolen,came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 11.He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 12.This is the house _ I want to buy.A.in which B.that C.whose
14、 D.where 13.This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.that C.when D.where 14.He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where 15.He lived in a small village,_ was a long way from the railway station.A.that B.which C.where D.when 关系代词和关系副词例如二关系
15、代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句在先行词和定语从句之词可作状语作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致例如作宾语作定语关系在定语从句中作宾语例如指人在定语从句中作定语例如高一英语初高中衔接专题指物在定语从中作主语或宾语例如多高一英语初高中衔接专题 3【练习答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 关系代词和关系副词例如二关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句在先行词和定语从句之词可作状语作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致例如作宾语作定语关系在定语从句中作宾语例如指人在定语从句中作定语例如高一英语初高中衔接专题指物在定语从中作主语或宾语例如多