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1、教育资源 教育资源 情态动词 谢耳朵说:If I could,I would,but I cant,so I shant.想知道这句话为什么这样翻译么？一起来学学情态动词吧！知识点 1：情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。知识点 2：情态动词的特点：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带 to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除 ought to 作固定词组看待）。知识点 3：情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare 可做情态动词又可
2、做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had,has)to,used to 知识点 4：情态动词的基本用法 表 示“能力、许 可”的 can 和may 表示能力的情态动词用 can/could A computer _think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.might not 表示许可时用 may/might,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could?或 might？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can 或 may，以使回答口气明
3、确（must 表示一定，必须，mustnt 表示禁止，不许可）。批注：may位于句首时可表示祝愿。Could I call you by your first name?YA.will B.could C.may D.might Johnny,you_play with the knife,you _hurt yourself.A.wont/cant B.mustnt/may C.shouldnt/must D.cant/shouldnt 知识点梳理 课前导入 教育资源 教育资源 在肯定句中 could 不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用 was/were able to。The f
4、ire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 表 示“推断、判 断”的 can may,must 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上 must 语气最肯定,may 表示的是事实上的可能性。而 can 表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Mary is in poor health.She can be ill at any times.Peter_come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.m
5、ust B.may C.can D.will 在否定句中只能用 can 和 may。所以 cant 时用以代替mustnt，语气比 may 更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。批注：mustn t 不是 must 的否定形式，只能表示禁止。Michael_be a policeman,for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may 在疑问句只能用 can，不能用 may 和 must。He may be very busy now.Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now.Can he
6、 be very busy now?need need 作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。批注:need 除情态动词的用法外还有实义动词的用法，老师可以补充讲解。dare dare 作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare 和 dared 两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out.I dont know whether he dare say.注意：He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter
7、 the dark room?疑问句）shall 用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。批注：重点强调在法律条文、法规中 shall 的使用。You shall fail if you dont work harder.警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺 He shall be punished.威胁 should 劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to)go to class right aw
8、ay.I should(ought to)help him because he is in trouble.表推测，意为“想必，一定”；表“万一”，与虚拟语气一起考察；表“竟然”。If it should rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be postponed.(对未来的虚拟)will/would 请求、建议，would 比 will 委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that ag
9、ain.would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every week.The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能 愈合）would 表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?教育资源 教育资源 used to 过去常常（现在已不再）否定：used not/usednt/usent to do didnt use to do 疑问：Usedto do?Diduse to do?Y
10、es,used.No,use(d)nt.Yes,did.No,didnt.情 态 动 词+have done的用法 could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better,but you didnt try your best.cannot+have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+have done：对过去发生的行为不太
11、肯定的推测。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road,we might have arrived earlier.must+have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to ra
12、in.注意：didnt need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier,but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意：He should ha
13、ve finished the work by now.（表推测）知识点 1：情态动词的基本用法 I 例 1：Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.A.should B.might C.mustnt D.couldnt 答案：D.解析：句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might 可能，可以；mustnt 禁止；couldnt 不可能。根据句意选 D。例 2：The police still havent found the
14、 lost child,but theyre doing all they.A.can B.may C.must D.should 答案：A.解析：句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can 可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must 必须；should 应该。根据句意，选 A。例 3：It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.A.mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt 答案：B.解析：句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wo
15、nt 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only 一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选 B。典例精讲 教育资源 教育资源 知识点 2：情态动词的基本用法 II 例 1：Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world.A.mustnt B.wont C.mightnt D.shouldnt 答案：B.解析：句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏
16、不，具有主观性；mightnt 可能不；shouldnt 不应该。根据句意选 B。例 2：Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you,in case he comes late for the meeting.A.will B.must C.may D.can 答案：B.解析：句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must(表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选 B。例 3：Why didnt you come to Simons party la
17、st night?I wanted to,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A.could B.might C.would D.should 答案：C.解析：句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加 Simon 的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might 可能，表示不确定；would 愿意，偏要，表示意志；should 应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选 C。知识点 1：情态动词表推测的用法小结 1）肯定的推测一般用 must,should,may（might）或
18、could（不用 can），其中，must 的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should 的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could 的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。2）否定推测分为两种情况：（1）语气不很肯定时，常用 may not,might not 或 could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。（2）否定语气较强时，则用 cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。3）疑问句中的推测，往往用 can 或 could。例 1：I cant understand why our boss is la
19、te.He the early bus.A.could miss B.may have missed C.can have missed D.might miss 答案：B.解析：“may have+过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断，意为：可能做了某事。注意：can 表示可能时，只能用于疑问句和反问句。例 2：Her brother be at home now,because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A.mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.shouldnt 答案：C.解析：cant be at
20、home 意为：不可能在家。例 3：She didnt answer the phone,she _ asleep.A.may be B.must be C.should have been D.must have been 答案：D.能力提升 教育资源 教育资源 解析：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。故根据题意应该选择 D。知识点 2：情态动词后跟完成式 1）“should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。2）“could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。3）“neednt+不定式的完成式”表示
21、本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。批注：此处还需要补充 must have done 对过去事实的肯定推测；might have done 对过去事实的不肯定推测。例 1：1.Jean have kept his promise.I wonder why he changed his idea.A.must B.should C.need D.would 答案：B.解析：“should have+过去分词”表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”；keep ones promise 意为“信守诺言”。例 2：Jane have come to the party,but she not find t
22、he exact time.A.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would 答案：A.解析：“could have+过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。例 3：So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been 答案：D.解析：“You should have been more careful”.意为：你本来应该更细心的。知识点 3：常考情态动词 1）shall 用于一、三
23、人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。2）must 用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt 表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。3）neednt 表示“没有必要”。4）would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。5）表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用 was/were able to，而不能用 could。例 1：May I park my car here?No,you_.No car is allowed to park here.A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.daren
24、t 答案：C.解析：此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中，以某些情态动词提问的句子，出于礼貌委婉或句意的需 要，回答时，要换用另一个情态动词。在回答 must 开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用neednt 或 dont have to；在回答 may 开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用 may，否定回答用 mustnt；在回答 need 开头的 一 般 疑 问 句 时，肯 定 回 答 用 must，否 定 回 答 用 neednt。例 2：How about paying a visit to Dr.Wang,our former Chinese teacher?
25、Good idea.I will e-mail him today so that he _ know _ to expect us.A.shall;why B.could;when C.would;what D.will;how 答案：B.解析：这是一个综合题。本题 so that 后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词（may/might/can/could）+动词原形”。When to expect us 表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作 know 的宾语。例 3：Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat?Sh
26、e _ have been there,or.A.must B.oughtnt to C.may D.cant 答案：C.教育资源 教育资源 解析：句意：她或许到过那里，或者。or.是重要的信息，说明还有其他的可能性。A 的说法太绝对，与 or.提供的信息冲突。知识点 4：情态动词的反义疑问句 1）当陈述句部分有情态动词 must 时（1）must 表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用 must(mustnt)。You mustnt stop your car here,must you?（2）must 表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用 neednt。They must finish t
27、he work today,neednt they?（3）当 must 用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据 must 后面的动词采用相应的形式。He must be good at maths,isnt he?（4）当 must 用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must+have done）时：a).单纯表示对过去的推测,与现在无关,反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。b).表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续到现在,反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。She must have read the novel last week,didnt she?You must have told
28、 her about it,havent you?She must have had a very good time,didnt she?He must have lived here at least ten years,hasnt he?2）当陈述部分含有情态动词 used to 时，疑问部分可用 usednt 或 didnt The old man used to smoke,didnt he?或 usednt he?3）当陈述部分带有情态动词 ought to 时，疑问部分用 oughtnt 或 shouldnt We ought to read this book,oughtnt
29、we?或 shouldnt we?4）当陈述部分含有 had better 时，疑问部分用 had Youd better finish your homework now,hadnt you?5）陈述部分有 have to+v.(had to+v.)，疑问部分常用 dont+主语（didnt+主语）We have to get there at eight tomorrow,dont we?6）陈述部分有 would rather+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语 He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?
30、7）情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问用 need(dare)+主语 We need not do it again,need we?He dare not say so,dare you/he?当 dare,need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do+主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?批注：这里涉及到的知识点还可能包括强调句中情态动词的反意疑问句，如下面这题所示：It must be he that has stolen Mr.Smith s purse,_?（2019-14年度仙林外校高三英语理科卷）A.hasn
31、 t he B.isn t he C.mustn t it D.isn t it 解析：本题答案选择 A 项，虽然是强调句，但是我们一般不将强调结构计入句子成分，所以在反意疑问部分仍然看真正的主谓。例 1：1）She must have a big family,?2）You must be tired,?3）It must have rained last night,?4）You must have had a good time at the party,?5）His wife must have misunderstand him at that time,?6）He must hav
32、e read the novel before,?7）They must have lived there since then,?8）The boy must be playing computer games in his room now,?答案:1.doesnt she 2.ar ent you 3.didnt it 4.didnt you 5.didnt she 6.hasnt he 7.havent they 8.isnt he 批注：关于 can 的特殊用法，老师可以根据学生的接受情况自行增减 You cannot be too.意为 就算再也不过分 或 越越好 can t do
33、 but do 意为“只能做”教育资源 教育资源 检测题（一）1.You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well,I dont know.It do.A.might B.need C.would D.should 2.Since nobody gave him any help,he have done the research on his own.A.can B.must C.would D.need 3.It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exerci
34、se,because you know a lot of words.A.may B.couldnt C.should D.neednt 4.He _ sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A.wouldnt B.shouldnt C.couldnt D.mustnt 5.When I was a child,I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A.should B.could C.must D.need 6.My mom
35、suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would 7.The children lost in the woods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A.must have got B.must get C.should have got D.should get 8.-Why are your eyes so red?You _ have slept well last night
36、.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wont 9.No one be more generous,he has a heart of gold.A.could B.must C.dare D.need 10.The door open,no matter how hard she pushed.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.wouldnt D.mightnt 答案:ABBAB AAAAC 检测题（二）：1.The hotel is only a stones throw away,you _ take a bus.A.need not to B.not ne
37、ed to C.dont need D.need not 答案：D.解析：选 D.说话人认为不必要乘车,need 为情态动词。2.I am busy now,_ my brother do it for you?A.Will B.Shall C.Must D.May 答案：B.解析：选 B.在疑问句中 shall 用于第三人称，也表示征求意见。3.You neednt do it right now,need you?Yes I am afraid I _.A.need B.neednt C.must D.mustnt 答案：C.解析：选 C.Yes 的意思是：不。意为：恐怕我必须现在就做。4
38、.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would 答案：C.解析：选 C.could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。5.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.课堂小测 教育资源 教育资源 A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do 答案：B.解析：选 B.shall 用在疑问句中，常用于第一，三人称，表示征求意见或请求指示。6.If you have someth
39、ing important to do,you _ waste any time.A.neednt B.mustnt C.may not D.wont 答案：B.解析：选 B.根据句意用 mustnt。7.If you want to borrow a football after school,your student card_ here.A.has to leave B.must leave C.has to be left D.must be left 答案：C.解析：选 C.have to 表示客观需要，must 表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此是客观需要。8.“Did you sco
40、ld him for his carelessness?”“Yes,but _ it”A.Id rather not do B.Id rather not have done C.I shouldnt do D.Id better not do 答案：B.解析：选 B.would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为：当时是不情愿做的。9.“Dont get near to it.It is too dangerous!”“_”.A.Yes,I wont B.No,I dont C.No,I cant D.No,I wont 答案：D.解析：选 D.A 为错误的表达方
41、式；B 和 C 没有直接回答对方的问候。10.He must be in the classroom,_ he?A.mustnt B.cant C.isnt D.can 答案：C.解析：选 C.对表否定的 must 进行反意疑问时，要用句子的实义动词 检测题（二）：1.He_ be in the garden.He must be in the room.A.cant B.mustnt C.will not D.may not 答案：A.解析：选 A.否定推测用 cant 不用 mustnt 2.“Do you have to leave now?”“I am very sorry,but I
42、 really_.”A.cant B.have C.should D.must 答案：D.解析：选 D.回答 have to 的疑问句用 must 作肯定回答。3.“Lets go to the library,shall we?”“_?”教育资源 教育资源 A.No,I cant B.Yes,I will C.Yes,thank you D.No,wed better not 答案：D.解析：选 D.A,B,C 都 不能回答 shall we,此处 D 的语气比较婉转客气。4.“Can I take it away?”“You _ better not.”A.should B.could C
43、.would D.had 答案：D.解析：选 D.had better 与不带 to 的不定式构成谓语，可以变成疑问句：Hadnt you better。5.You _ have brought your camera.They all had theirs with them.A.couldnt B.neednt C.wouldnt D.mustnt 答案：B.解析：选 B.表示本来不必要做某事。6.See who is there!_it be May?A.May B.Must C.Can D.Will 答案：C.解析：选 C.表推测时 A，B 都用作肯定句。7.John_ be a ba
44、sketball player.He is much too short.A.may B.mustnt C.cant D.should 答案：C.解析：选 C.断然的不定推测用 cant。8.The Chinese teacher looks so pale.She _ be ill.A.must B.mustnt C.can D.need 答案：A.解析：选 A.表示有把握的肯定推测用 must。9.Something_to save our earth.Do you think so?A.can do B.must do C.has to do D.must be done 答案：D.解析：选 D.“something must be done”意为：必须采取措施。10.Look at what you have done!You _ be more careful.A.ought B.can C.would D.should 答案：D.解析：选 D.ought 后应用 to。