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1、教育资源 教育资源 Unit 3 Celebration 语法篇 _ _ 1、掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时及其被动语态的用法。2、掌握情态动词 must,have to,can,could 及 ought to 的用法。一，被动语态 1.被动语态的概念：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫做被动语态。2.被动语态的构成：助动词 be（或 get）+过去分词，助动词 be（或 get）有时态，人称和数的变化。3.被动语态的形式：一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时：was/were done 一般将来时：
2、will/shall be done 过去将来时：would be done 现在进行时：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 现在完成时：has/have been done 过去完成时：had been done 经典例句：Fast food is served here.这儿卖快餐。The new film will be shown next week.这部新电影将会在下周放映。The concert has been put off till next week.音乐会已经被推迟到下周了。4.何种情况下使用被动语态：教育资源 教
3、育资源 当不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者，或者动作本身更为重要时，动词使用被动语态。例：Too much books have been written about the Second World War.关于第二次世界大战的书太多了。5.主动形式表被动意义：系动词 look,sound,feel,smell,taste 等+形容词构成系表结构：Steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如 read,write,wash,sell,wear,cook,lock,shut,open,dry,drink等，这类动词一般不单独使用，常有副词修饰：The clo
4、th washes well.这种布料好洗。表示开始，结束，运动的动词，如：begin,start,end,finish,close,stop,move,run等：Work begins at 7 o clock in the morning.早上 7 点开始工作。二，情态动词 1.have to/don t have to 不得不/不必 have to 表示“不得不”，指在客观条件下不得不去做某事；否定式 don t have to 表示“没必要，不必”，有时态和人称的变化。易混辨析：must:表示“必须，应该”，语气强烈。回答带有 must 的问句时，否定回答常用 needn t 或 do
5、n t have to，表示“不必”，而 mustn t 的含义是“禁止，不准”。表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是”，常用于肯定句。译为“偏要，非要不可”，常表达说话人抱怨的口气。例：He had to work hard to support the family.他不得不努力工作来养家。（客观需要）You don t have to go to school at once.你不必马上去上学。You must be hungry after a long walk.走了很长一段路，你一定饿了。（肯定推测）2.can/can t 能/不能 can,could（can 的过去式）的用法：教育
6、资源 教育资源 can:表能力（现在）表客观或理论上的可能性 表请求和允许 表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，can 比 could 语气强 cannottoo/enough 无论也不过分，越越好 cannot but do 不得不（=have to do）could:表能力（过去）表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，比 can 语气弱 表请求和允许。用在疑问句时比 can 语气委婉，不表过去。例：An experienced teacher can also make mistakes.一个有经验的老师也可能犯错误。（客观可能性）He can t be our manager.He has gone
7、to Beijing.他不可能是我的经理。他去北京了。（否定推测）3.ought to/ought not to 应该/不应该 表示说话者认为“应该做/不应该做”；也表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测，译为“按道理说应该/不应该”。其后跟动词原形，疑问式是把 ought 提到主语前。ought to 作为情态动词，经常考查与其不定式的完成时搭配的用法，即：ought to have done=should have done，表示“本应该做了某事而实际没有”，oughtn t to have done=shouldn t have done，表示“本不应该做某事而实际做了”。Needn t 表示
8、某一动作不必要做，而 ought not to 表示某一动作是错误的，与 shouldn t 类似，但语气更强。例：He ought to be more careful next time.下次他应该更小心才是。She ought not to let out the secret.她不该泄露这个秘密。You needn t go for him;he has come here.你没必要去找他；他已经来了。例 1.The letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didn t read them until three days later.A.w
9、ere put B.was put 教育资源 教育资源 C.put D.has put 解析：句意：给老板的信放在他桌子上了，但他三天后才读。根据语境及 but 分句的时态可知前半句也应该用过去时，故排除 D 项；又因为 letters 同 put 之间为被动关系，故排除 C 项；根据主语 letters为可数名词复数可知 B 项不正确，即可推断出正确答案。答案：A。例 2.Shakespeare s play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.A.had been made B.was made C.
10、has been made D.would be made 解析：句意：在过去的数年，莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制成不下十部不同的电影。over the past years意为“在过去的数年”，通常情况下题干中出现 over the past years，谓语动词为现在完成时态，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C。例 3.You _ buy a gift,but you can if you want to do.A.must B.mustn t C.have to D.don t have to 解析：句意：你不必买礼物了，但是如果你想买的话也可以买。don t have to 意为“不必”，即可
11、推断出正确答案。答案：D。例 4.（2019 北京通州高三一模）Fred had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously.A.damaged 教育资源 教育资源 B.had been damaged C.was being damaged D.had damaged 解析：句意：因为损坏的太严重，Fred 不得不把他的车放到修理厂修理。根据语境可知，动作 damage应发生在 repaired 之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。且 damage 与 car 是被动关系，应用被动语态，即可推断出正确答案。答案：B。
12、例 5.（2019 北京丰台高三第一学期期末）Jugging from his accent,he _ be from Australia.A.needn t B.mustn t C.can t D.wouldn t 解析：句意：从他的口音判断，他不可能是从澳大利亚来的。在否定句中，用 can t 表示否定的推测，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C。基础演练 一，根据句意，在空白处填入恰当的词或用括号内的词的正确形式填空。1.A Midsummer Night s Dream _(open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throug
13、hout Scotland.2.Hi,Smith,can I borrow the meeting room upstairs this afternoon?Sorry.It _(paint).3.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS _(find).4.If nothing _(do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.5.When I was a child,I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.6.Harry is
14、feeling uncomfortable.He _(drink)too much at the party last night.教育资源 教育资源 7.Why are your eyes so red?You _ have slept well last night.Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.8._ we go to the McDonald?I m sick of the food there.9.Holiday shopping _ be a tiring experience.There are so many places to
15、visit and choices to make.10.Must I take a bus?No,you _.You can take a walk here.Keys：1.opens 2.is being painted 3.will be found 4.is done 5.could 6.must have drunk 7.can t 8.Must 9.can 10.don t have to/needn t 巩固提高 单项选择。1.Since nobody gave him any help,he _ have done the research on his own.A.can B
16、.must C.would D.need 2.He _ sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A.wouldn t B.shouldn t C.couldn t D.mustn t 3.Why _ it get colder when we climb up a mountain?We are getting nearer to the sun!A.ought to B.would C.should D.must 4.If he had starred a
17、t nine o clock,he _ have been in London by eleven o clock.A.Must B.may C.ought to D.has to 5.You must be very excited about going to London for further study.教育资源 教育资源 _,but I am afraid I won t do well because my English is poor.A.I m sorry B.Certainly not C.I don t know yet D.Well,I ought to be Key
18、s：1-5 BCCCD 单项选择。1.The thief was reported _ more than$50,000 from the millionaire.A.to steal B.to be stealing C.to have stolen D.to be stolen 2.What will you do next Sunday?Maybe do some shopping,for I _ go to school on Sunday.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.dont have to D.had better not 3.If you_ yourself to
19、 the job in hand,youll soon finish it.A.request B.appeal C.apply D.claim 4.Mary _ a professor for half a year.A.has married B.married with C.married D.has been married to 5.Jenny is always absent from school,_ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.A.which B.who C.that D.what 6.Excuse me,is
20、 the shop open around the clock?_.Only from 8:00am.to 4:00 pm.A.Im not sure.B.Well,it depends.C.Thats right.D.Im afraid not.7.Its a good idea.But whos going to _ the plan?I think Tom and Grey will.A.set aside B.carry out C.take in D.get through 教育资源 教育资源 8.Helen,will you be at the party tonight?Im s
21、orry,but I have so much homework to do that I really _.A.wont B.cant C.mustnt D.shouldnt 9.Some pre-school children go to a day care centre,_ they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.which D.where 10._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressi
22、ng D.Having dressed 11.Her _ way of smiling left a good impression on me.A.successful B.particular C.usual D.peaceful 12.No decision _ about any future appointment(任命)until all the candidates（候选人）have been interviewed.A.will be made B.is made C.is being D.has been made 13.（2019 北京 101 中学高三测试）I will
23、join the school singing club as long as I _ find spare time.A.will B.might C.should D.can 14.（2019 北京顺义高三一模）Everyone thinks that the same questions _ again on this year s oral test.A.will ask B.have asked C.will be asked D.have been asked 15.（2019 北京顺义高三一模）Young children under the age of four _ be i
24、n a child safety seat while taking a car.A.must B.may C.can D.will Keys:1-15 CCCDA DBBDA BADCA _ _ 教育资源 教育资源 一，完形填空。Robison was born in a very poor family.At seven,he had to pick cal in a deserted mine,then he 1 what he had picked and earned a few coins to help his parents.He had 2 schooling.3 so po
25、or,how could they pay for the education?When he was fifteen,he worked 4 a servant in a school,looking at other children studying in the classroom,he felt 5 for himself.How he wished to have the same chance.He 6 to study by himself.In the day time after the sweeping and cleaning was over,he 7 stand b
26、y the window outside the classroom trying to 8 what the teacher said.At night,he tried his best to remember 9 he had learned during the day.He worked 10 hard at the lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours 11.The more he learned,the 12 he wanted to learn.A math teacher 13him and came t
27、o like this diligent(刻苦)boy and 14 him to sit at the back of the class.In 15exam,he was the one in the whole school who reached the 16 grade.Robison went on for six years 17 his study of math and wrote several articles which drew the attention of some university professors.They appreciated(欣赏)his ta
28、lent and his diligence.18 him the better chance they employed him as a librarian and 19 him free guidance.Robison was filled with joy.Fro he felt that before him there was a broad road leading to 20.1.A.burned B.gave C.sent D.sold 2.A.any B.less C.no D.small 3.A.Because B.As C.For D.Being 4 A.like B
29、.as C.for D.at 5 A.sorry B.angry C.disappointed D.interesting 6.A.wished B.wanted C.decided D.considered 7.A.would B.should C.could D.might 8.A.do B.catch C.listen to D.hear 9.A.when B.all C.that D.which 10 A.such B.too C.so D.very 11 A.study B.sleep C.work D.time 教育资源 教育资源 12.A.better B.harder C.le
30、ss D.more 13.A.punished B.discovered C.liked D.laughed at 14.A.allowed B.let C.pushed D.tired 15.A.his B.a C.one D.the 16.A.highest B.most C.tallest D.largest 17.A.for B.at C.with D.in 18.A.To give B.Giving C.Give D.For giving 19.A.taught B.offered C.sent D.supplied 20.A.death B.success C.school D.h
31、appiness Keys:1-20.DCDBA CABBC BDBAC ACABB 二，写作。假设你是李华，你的美国老师 Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个有关美国历史的讲座，你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封短信项 Miss Morgan 请假。内容要点：1.表示歉意；2.3.理由：去机场接从法国回来的舅舅；4.询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座。教育资源 教育资源 注意：1.2.词数：100 左右；3.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Miss Morgan,_ Yours sincerely Li Hua Key:I am so sorry that
32、I won t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.My uncle is returning home from France,and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.I am very interested in American history society and history.I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded,and if so,could I borrow the tape?It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and make up for what is covered in the talk.I would appreciate it if you could allow me to ask for a leave of absence.Thank you.Yours sincerely Li Hua