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1、走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索新课标版新课标版 二轮专题复习二轮专题复习专题三专题三阅读理解阅读理解第一讲主旨大意题第一讲主旨大意题 专题专题三三1.设题角度(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意2设问方式(1)What is the main idea/topic of the passage?(2)What does the passage mainly discuss?(3)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?(4)What woul
2、d be the best title for the text?(5)Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?3解题思路(1)寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点，我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾，因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句和尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立
3、在寻找各段落中心的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重彩的“重心”，考虑文章的材料组织及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事情节围绕什么展开的，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。(3)抓主线和关键词，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。4解题技巧准确选定完美标题简言之，可以用四个字
4、概括文章标题的特点，即：精，准，全，新。具体是：精用精练的语言概括文章的中心思想。准要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点准确地表达出来。全要排除掉那些片面的观点，选取包含文章主要内容及作者观点的选项，范围不宜过大或过小。新所选的标题要新颖，对读者有吸引力，能激发读者的阅读兴趣。所以选择标题时我们要做到：1.要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。2.再看对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。3.要注意题目是过大还是过小，避免下列三种错误。(1)概括不够(多表现为以部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)；(2)过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大范围)；(3)以事实、细节替代具体的大意。【例】I
5、reland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服)Ireland.For hundreds of years,the Irish people fought against the English.Finally,in 1921,the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result
6、 is that today there are two“Irelands”.Northern Ireland,in the north,is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland,in the south,is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This,and a shortage(短缺)of work,forced
7、many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA,the UK,Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.Today,many people still work on the land but more
8、and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warmhearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde,a famous Irish writer,once said that the Iris
9、h were“the greatest talkers since the Greeks”.Since independence,Ireland has revived(复兴)its own culture of music,language,literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such
10、as the violin,whistles,etc.71What can be the best title for the text?ALife in IrelandBA Very Difficult HistoryCIreland,Past and PresentDThe Independence of Ireland解题导语：昔日的爱尔兰饱经风霜，如今的爱尔兰光彩夺目。翻开它的历史，体验它的风情。爱尔兰，一个神奇的国度。解析：71.考查文章标题的选择。本题要求概括文章标题，属于主旨大意题。文章回顾了爱尔兰艰辛的独立过程(第一段)以及曾经的艰难岁月(第二段)，接着叙述了爱尔兰如今的风貌(
11、第三段和第四段)，所以”爱尔兰的今昔”作为文章标题最合适。故选C。A项(爱尔兰的生活)范围过大；B项(一段很艰难的历史)是文章前两段的主要内容；D项(爱尔兰的独立)只是文中的细节内容。(2013辽宁高考阅读B)Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,we cant really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22,2011,we d
12、ecided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With t
13、he idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every littl
14、e bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat,choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar an
15、d lemon juice,with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter,enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate
16、others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing GreenBProtecting the PlanetCKeeping OpenMindedDCelebrating Our Green Year答案：A由文章第一段“Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.”及第五段“Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.”可知本文的主题是“Going Green”，故A项“追求绿色”正确。B项“保护地球”曲解文意；C项“保持思维开放”，无中生有；D项“庆祝我们的绿色之年”以偏概全。