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1、单词名词指物：mat,sharpener,seashell,album,onion,skateboard,spear,quilt,yogurt,melon,hammer其它：alternative,starvation,accuracy,beast,centimetre,analysis,category,significance,academy,kindergarten,receptionist,botany,division,scratch,radioactivity,wrinkle,punctuation 动词interrupt,assume,sharpen,ripen,spit,del
2、ete,pulse,applaud,howl,accelerate,arrest形容词tentative,dizzy,acute,ample,messy,primitive,gay,botanical,systematic,radioactive,skilful 副词regardless,somehow,gaily短语词汇表regardlessof,atmost,cutup,fedupwith,lookahead,dateback课文中showsb.around,scareaway,keepoutthecold,careabout,makefire,lieinwaitforsb.句式ifonl
3、y 用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件e.g.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!语法 复习动词时态1._n.可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的2._n.挨饿;饿死3._adj.有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的4._ vt.假定;设想5._ adv.不管;不顾6._adj.足够的;充足的;富裕的starvationassumeregardlessamplealternativeacute(一)基本单词7._adj.凌乱的;脏的8._n.植物学10._vt.删;删除11._ n.痕迹;搔;挠vt.抓;擦伤;刮坏12._n
4、.幼儿园13._vt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留botanymessydeletekindergartenscratcharrest14.primitiveadj._15.analysisn._16.significancen._17.academyn._18.yogurtn._19.wrinklen._20.applaudvi._21.acceleratevi.vt._原始的;远古的;简陋的分析意义;意思;重要性学院;学会;学术团体酸奶;酸乳酪皱纹鼓掌欢迎;赞赏加速;促进1.accuracyn.精确;准确_adj.精确的;准确的_adv.精确地;准确地_n.错误 inaccuracyaccur
5、ateaccurately(二)派生单词2.interruptv.打断(讲话);打岔;暂时中止或中断_n.中止,中断;阻拦物,障碍物_n.打断者,阻碍者_ 搭配 不中断地withoutinterruptioninterruptioninterrupter3.sharpadj.锋利的;尖锐的;急剧的_adv.锐利地;急剧地_n.锐利_v.削尖;(使)尖锐_n.削具;磨具sharpenersharplysharpnesssharpen4.skilln.技巧;熟练_adj.有技巧的;熟练的_adv.巧妙地,技术好的_adj.有能力的,熟练的skilledskillfulskillfully1.不顾;
6、不管_2.遭受;患病;受苦_3.把和对比_4.带某人到处参观_5.对感兴趣_regardlessofsufferfromcompare.with.showsb.roundbeinterestedin(三)短语6.御寒;挡住寒气_7.最多;至多_8.切碎_9.向前看;为将来打算_10.追溯到_11.在乎;担心_keepoutthecoldatmostcutupdatebackcareaboutlookahead12.lookverymuchlike_13.usedtodo_14.gatherforreunions_15.lieinwait(forsb.)_16.becomedizzywithhu
7、nger_看起来很像过去常做团聚隐蔽静候以出人不意饿得头昏眼花17.scoopup_18.pullout_19.withrelief_20.nowandthen_21.onesspiritsrise_ 某人的情绪高涨起来搂起来拖出来宽慰地不时地1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。ifonly 用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。(四)句式2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.
8、突然间她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。onlytodo/be(结果)却3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。havebeenexcavating 现在完成进行时1.alternativen.可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的课文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoda
9、y？你能想到我们今天使用的替代品吗？【归纳】havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事(一)单词 theresnoalternative.别无选择analternativeto.的替代品【点拨】表示“别无选择,只得”的表达方式还有：havenochoicebuttodo;cantchoosebutdo;cant(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】alternativelyadv.可供选择地用所给动词的适当形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut_thathewaswrong.Hehadnochoicebut
10、_thathewaswrong.Hecoulddonothingbut_thathewaswrong.他除了承认他错了别无选择。toadmittoadmitadmit2.interruptvt.&vi.打断讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止课文原句：Imsorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere？对不起,打断了你的讲话。请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？【归纳】interrupt(sb./sth.)(withsth.)打断(某人)讲话;打岔;打扰【拓展】interruptionn.打扰;插嘴;阻隔物withoutinterruption 连续地,不断地inter
11、rupt 打断,中断他人的语言或行为,使其不能继续。disturb 扰乱,使人不能平衡或者扰乱别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。bother扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一。interrupt/disturb/bother选择interrupt,disturb,bother 的正确形式填空。1)Shewas_tohearofyourillness.2)Imsorryto_themeeting,butthereisanurgentlong-distancecallforMr.Zhou.disturbedinterrupt3)Dont_yourselftoomuchaboutme.4)W
12、e_inthemiddleofourconversation.botherwereinterrupted3.assumevt.假定;设想课文原句:Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.因此,我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。【归纳】assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假设某人/某事为assumethat.设想,假定Itisassumedthat.被认为【拓展】assumptionn.假定,假设,设想makeanassumption 认为,假定ontheassumptio
13、nthat 假定【运用】1)_(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的话,我们该怎么办？2)_thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.人们认为网上购物是不完美的。AssumingItisassumed4.significancen.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义课文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。【归纳】thesignificanceof.的重要性/含义beof(great)significance有(重大)意义/(非常)重要beo
14、fnosignificance 无意义/不重要beoflittlesignificance 不太重要【拓展】significantadj.有(重大)意义/(非常)重要【运用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkits_nosignificance.他们改变了计划十分奇怪,但我觉得没什么意义。2)Iattach_tothismatter.我很重视这件事。ofmuchsignificance5.somehowadv.以方式,不知怎么地,不知为什么课文原句:SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoa
15、lternativemeansoftransport.不管怎么说,他骑车三十英里去向布莱克博士报告。因为在当时没有其他的交通工具。必会anyhow 无论如何anyway 无论如何;不管怎样somewhat 有点儿;有几分;颇为somehoworother不知是什么原因;由于某种原因;以某种方式6.applaudvt.鼓掌,称赞,赞成课文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.当族人为大胡的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候,她觉得非常自豪。【归纳】applaudsb.forsth.因某事而赞扬某人applaudthedecis
16、ion 赞成某个决定【拓展】applausen.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼7.arrestvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留课文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。【归纳】arrestsb.for 因逮捕某人getarrested 遭逮捕arrestonesattention 引起注意underarrest 被捕makeanarrest 进行拘捕【运用】1)Hewasthefirst_drunkdriving.他是第
17、一个因醉驾而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_theworldsattention.美国的新大选吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter_andweallstaredather.她的笑声吸引了我们的注意,我们都盯着她看。tobearrestedforarrestedarrestedourattention1.regardlessof 不管;不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof.强调不认为重要,从而不加以重视或考虑;而despite和inspiteof 有“尽管但是”之意。(二)短语re
18、gardlessof 后可接whether,what 引导的从句,而inspiteof 和despite后不可接从句,接名词、代词或动名词。【运用】_heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.无论他是对还是错,我们必须遵守他的决定。Regardlessof2.befedupwith 受够了;饱受;厌烦课文原句:Well,Imfedupwithalltheattentionand噢,我对这些关注感到厌烦，必会feed.on/with 用来喂feed.to.把喂给feedon liveon(牛、马等)吃东西;以为食【运用】1)Well,Im_(厌烦)al
19、ltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_(以为食)plantsorotheranimals.3)Youdbetter_(把这些新鲜的蔬菜喂给)thelittleboy.fedupwithfeedonfeedthesefreshvegetablesto3.lookahead 向前看;为将来打算课文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了！【归纳】lookat 查看;思考,考虑;研究lookafter 照看,照顾lookawayfrom 把
20、目光从移开lookaround 参观,四处看看,环顾lookback 回顾过去lookbackoveronesshoulder 回头看lookdownupon/on 蔑视,瞧不起lookupto 尊敬,钦佩lookforwardto 期望,期待,盼望lookinto 调查looklike 看起来像lookon.as 把看作lookout 小心,当心lookout 小心,当心looksb.intheeye 注视某人,直视某人lookthrough 浏览,翻阅,审阅lookup 查阅(词或资料)looksb.upanddown 上下打量某人4.datebackto=datefrom(+时间点)追溯
21、到,从就有课文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.所有物品都来自三星堆遗址,它们能追溯到3000至5000年前。这个短语一般不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。但做后置定语时,常用现在分词。【运用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_the16thcentury.这是一栋可追溯至16世纪的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,w
22、hich_asearlyas800yearsago.每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。datingbacktodatesfrom1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。ifonly 表示“要是就好了/但愿。(三)句式谓语动词用虚拟语气,表示与过去、现在和将来事实相反的愿望。ifonly.could/would/might do.表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。ifonly.did.表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。ifonly.haddone.表示对与过去事实相反的愿
23、望。【运用】1)IfonlyI_(follow)thedoctorsadvice!要是我听从了医生的建议该多好啊！2)Ifonlywe_(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.我们明年要是有机会去西藏工作就好了。hadfollowedcouldhaveifonly 用来表达愿望,“但愿,要是就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟,表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。onlyif 由副词only 和从属连词if 组合而成,only 仅起强调作用,“只有”,引导条件状语从句,不用虚拟语气。若其引导的从句置于句首,且与主语间没有逗号隔开,则主句用倒装语序。ifonly/only
24、ife.g.Ifonlywecouldaffordtobuyaplaceofourown.OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIcome.2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然间她坐了下去,结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了过来。onlytodo/be(结果)却不定式短语用作结果状语,表示意料之外或不符合说话人期望的结果。这种结构也常常在不定式前加上only 来强调惊讶与失望。3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmo
25、stsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。havebeenexcavating 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现在,或将继续延续至将来。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时表示已经完成,而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。如：Theyhavebuiltahouse.(完成)Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.(尚未完成)4.Ourevidencesuggestst
26、heydidindeedwearclothesmadeformanimalskins.我们的证据表明他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。suggest 最常用有两个意思：1)提议;提出;建议,后接动词要用动词的ing形式,后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”,should 常省略)。后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为：一个坚持：insist二个命令：command,order四个建议:advise,suggest,recommend,propose四个要求：ask,demand,request,require2)表明,显示,暗示;显出,后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。现在完成进
27、行时总结 例句构成have/has+been+动词-ing 形式TomhasbeenwatchingTVprogrammessincesevenoclockthisevening.Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.总结例句用法表示一个由过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作(可能刚结束，也可能还要进行下去)。IvebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandIvejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?有时表示动作的重复。Ivebeenusingthistypewriterforsixy
28、ears.有时带有感情色彩。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday!总结 例句常搭配的时间状语 表示一个由过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作(可能刚结束，也可能还要进行下去)。IvebeendoingmyhouseworkallmorningandIvejustfinishedit.Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?【拓展】现在完成进行时与现在完成时相比,主要有三个特点：1.未完结性。现在完成时表示动作已完成,而现在完成进行时则常常具有未完成含义。2.短暂性。现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可表示延续至今的状态,但是现在完成进行时常常表示短暂性。
29、如：TheyhavelivedinNewYork.（长期性）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暂性）3.连续性或重复性。现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：Ivebeenknocking.Idontthinkanybodysin.【即学即练】选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We_(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Letshavearest.2.Joseph_(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthe
30、stillcantsay“Whatsyourname?”inRussian.3.Imtiredout.I_(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdontseemtohavefinishedanything.havebeenworkinghasbeengoinghavebeenshopping4.Jack,youlooksotired!Well,I_(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_(hav
31、ebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.Wevespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.Well,itisntsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_(arecoming/havebeencoming)aroundallthetime.havebeenpaintinghavebeencoughinghavebeencoming如何介绍文物古迹【写作任务】某英文报的“CulturalRelics”栏目正面向中学生征文。请根据提示信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中国西部甘肃省敦煌市东南；2.始
32、建于公元366年,后不断增补直至元代;3.现存洞窟492个,壁画(mural)约45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415 尊,展示了四到十四世纪伟大的佛教(Buddhist)艺术成就；4.1987年被列入世界遗产名录(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【写作指导】一、审题定调 本写作任务要求介绍莫高窟，体裁属于说明文，故语言要简洁、准确、条理清楚又要突出特色。时态多用一般过去时和一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。二、谋篇布局本写作可分为三部分：第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间；第二部分：描写其规模；第三部分
33、：说明其地位及影响。三、就本写作而言,可围绕以下内容组织语言。1.第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间。普通表达 高级表达TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistoryDatingbackto366AD.Theywe
34、regenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.2.第二部分：描写其规模。普通表达 高级表达Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.Theyshowthegreat/fineachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe1
35、4thcentury.Theyrepresenttheremarkable/outstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.3.第三部分：说明其地位及影响。普通表达 高级表达Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheW
36、orldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.【参考范文】普通范文TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedinthe
37、yearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear
38、,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethisoldmysteriousplace.高级范文LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyaccomplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedscu
39、lptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.I.用括号内单词的正确形式
40、填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents_(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The_(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto_(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit_(mess)youllneedtowearoldclothes.ripensharpenaccuracymessy5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider_(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)_
41、(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew_(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof_(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)_(system)way.systematicsignificanceanalysisbotanicalstarvationII.用括号内动词的正
42、确形式填空。1.Howdidyoubreakyourarm?IslippedontheicewhileI_(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe_(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun_(shine).willbewascrossingwakeshining3.Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!I_(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.BythetimeBill_(go)tobedtomorrow,
43、he_(have)afulldayandwillbereadyforsleep.5.Peterisgoingtoleaveinhalfanhour.Hewillfinishallofhisworkbeforehe_(leave).leaveshavebeenworkinggoeswillhavehad6.HowaboutgoingtoAlicesRestaurantfordinnerafterwork?Soundsgood.I_(meet)youtherearoundsix.7.Thomas_(begin)towritewhenhewaseighteen.Tillnow,altogether,
44、he_(publish)sevennovels,threecollectionsofshortstoriesandabookofpoetry.8.There_(be)morethanfortypresidentsoftheUnitedStatessinceit_(become)acountry.becamewillmeetbeganhaspublishedhavebeenIII.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheremainsofDorchesterinSummerville,SouthCarolina,containoneofthemostcom
45、pletearchaeological1._(record)ofcolonial(殖民时期的)Americaanywhere.Dorchesterdates2._to1697andwasfoundedbyagroupofNewEnglandPuritans(清教徒).Fornearlyacentury,traders,planters,artisans(skilfulpeoplewhomakerecordsbackbeautifulthingsbyhand)and3._(wealth)ownersoflocalplantationslivedinthevillage,4._eventually
46、becameaninlandtradecenteronthenorthsideoftheAshleyRiver.AtthebeginningoftheRevolutionaryWar,Dorchesterbecameafortified(设防的)Americanpost,5._(brief)commandedbyFrancisMarion,knownastheSwampFox.TheBritishclaimedthepostnearthewarsend,only6._(turn)wealthytoturnwhichbrieflyitovertotheAmericansagain.Shortly
47、afterwards,thevillage7._(abandon)andleftinaruinousstateuntilarchaeologicalexcavationsbeganinthe1940s8._thencontinuedmoreformallyinthe1970s.SouthCarolinastatearchaeologistJonLeadersaysthatColonialDorchester“haseverything.”Thesite9._(host)publicarchaeologyexcavationsinthespringandfallthatvisitorscanobserveandevenparticipatehostswasabandonedandin,andthereis10._indoorlabthatcanbevisitedinwinterandsummer.Itsalsoagreatsiteforapicnic.an