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1、.社会交往社会交往一、一、问问候候1.基本用基本用语语:1)见见面面问问候：候：Good morning.Hello/Hi.2)代向某人代向某人问问候：候：Best wishes/regards to sb.give ones regards to sb.give ones best regards to sb.3)替某人向替某人向问问好：好：say“Hi/Hello”to sb.from sb.give ones regards to sb.Please remember me to.回答：回答：I will.Thanks.4)How do you do?(初次初次见见面面)How do y
2、ou do?How are you?(比比较较熟悉的人熟悉的人)Fine,thank you.And you?/Very well,thank you.How are you getting along with.?Everything is fine!How are you doing?Im just great!How is everything?Very well,thank you!How is your vacation/holiday/weekend?Not bad!Whats up?Couldnt be better,thank you!Whats going on?Just s
3、oso.2.注意要点：注意要点：1)“How are you?”用于用于询问对询问对方的身体情方的身体情况，可根据况，可根据实际实际情况回答，如：情况回答，如：Fine/Very well,thank you.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确如身体确实实不太舒服并想不太舒服并想让对让对方知道，方知道，不妨不妨说说“Not too well,Im afraid.”2)对于不认识的人，想要他对于不认识的人，想要他(或她或她)停下的停下的说法：说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或！或Just a moment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不
4、应问及他与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。二、介二、介绍绍1.基本用基本用语语:1)This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/.May I introduce you to.?Id like you to meet.2)How do you do?Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.Nice meeting you.3)My name is.Im a.(student/teacher，etc.)May I know your name?2注意要点注意要点:1)“Nice to mee
5、t you.”与与“Nice to see you.”有一点区有一点区别别：前者是初次：前者是初次见见面被人介面被人介绍绍相相识识后的寒暄用后的寒暄用语语(认识认识你很高你很高兴兴)；后；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之之间间一段一段时间时间未未见见面后再次相遇。两者面后再次相遇。两者回答用回答用语语与与问问候候语语相同。相同。2)“Nice to meet you.”表示初次表示初次见见面面时时的的问问候，而候，而“Nice meeting you.”则则是初次是初次见见面告面告别时别时的用的用语语。三、告三、告别别1基本用基本用语语:1)直接的告直接
6、的告别语别语有：有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！See you(tomorrow)！See you later!Farewell!Good night.2)委婉的告委婉的告别语别语有：有：Id like to say goodbye to everyone.Im calling to say goodbye.Im afraid I must be leaving/off now.I think its time for us to leave now.3)其他其他带带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义义的告的告别别 语语：Ill look forward to seeing yo
7、u soon.Lets hope well meet again.Hope to see you again.Drop in anytime you like.2注意要点注意要点:告告别别前通常要前通常要说说一两句客套一两句客套话话，如：，如：Im afraid I must be off/going now.长长久久告告别时别时，还还可同可同时时表达希望今后多表达希望今后多联联系系(Keep/Get in touch.)、要、要对对方保重身体方保重身体(Take care.)、问问候候对对方家人方家人(Please send my best regards to your family.)等
8、。等。四、感四、感谢谢基本用基本用语语:1)感感谢谢用用语语：Thank you very much Thanks a lot.Many thanks.Thanks for.Its very kind of you to.I appreciate your help.Thank you all the same.Its most thoughtful of you.I dont know how to express my thanks.2)答答语语：Not at all.Thats all right/OK.Youre welcome.Its really nothing.Dont ment
9、ion it.五、道歉五、道歉1.基本用基本用语语:1)道歉用道歉用语语：Im sorry.Im sorry for/about.Im sorry to do.Im sorry to have done.Excuse/Pardon me(for.)Please forgive me for.sb.be afraid that.What a pity/shame!Its a pity that.2)答答语语：It is not important.Its quite all right.Never mind.It doesnt matter(at all).Not at all.Its noth
10、ing.Thats nothing.Please dont worry.Its nothing to worry about.Dont mention it.Thats okay.Dont let it bother you.2注意要点注意要点:1)“Excuse me”常用于下列情形：需要打断常用于下列情形：需要打断别别人人谈话谈话或工作或工作时时；有求于他人；有求于他人时时；因；因故需要故需要暂时暂时离开离开时时；就某事表示不同意；就某事表示不同意见时见时；自己的言行将会影响他人；自己的言行将会影响他人时时。(即：即：在在说说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引
11、起以引起别别人注意人注意)打打扰别扰别人人为为“劳驾劳驾”；请请求求别别人人让让路、向路、向别别人人问问路、打听消息意路、打听消息意为为“对对不起，不起，请问请问”。回答。回答时说时说：Yes?2)“Sorry.”说话说话人做了人做了错错事或无意中与事或无意中与别别人人发发生冲撞生冲撞时时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能示因不能满满足他人要求而表示歉意。足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“I beg your pardon?”表示听表示听话话人未能听人未能听清楚他人所清楚他人所说说的的话话，希望，希望说话说话人重复所人重复所说说的的话时话时的礼貌用法，的礼貌用法，“麻麻烦烦
12、再再说说一遍一遍”。4)“Im sorry to hear it/that.”则则是是对说话对说话者者本人或近本人或近亲亲属已属已经发经发生的不幸表示生的不幸表示遗遗憾。憾。六、邀六、邀请请1基本用基本用语语:1)Would you come to.?Would you like to.?Id like to invite you to.2)Yes,Id love/be glad/happy to(.)Ill be glad to.Of course.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,with pleasure.3)Id love
13、 to,but.Im sorry,but I cant.2.注意要点注意要点:1)接受他人邀接受他人邀请时请时通常通常还还要表示一下感要表示一下感谢谢：Yes,Id love to.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,with pleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说这样说：I will if I can.Its very kind of you to invite me,but Im not sure if I can come.3)拒拒绝绝他人的邀他人的邀请请一般不直接一般不直接说说No，而要，而要婉言婉言谢绝谢绝(通常会
14、通常会说说明理由明理由)，并要声明自，并要声明自己是愿意接受己是愿意接受“邀邀请请”的，但因某种原因的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢谢。常用：。常用：Id like to,but Im too busy.I really enjoy it,but Ive got to go now.I wish I could accept your invitation,but Im afraid I dont have time to go.Thank you for your kindness,but Ive got an appointment at that tim
15、e.七、祝愿和祝七、祝愿和祝贺贺基本用基本用语语：1)Best wishes to you!I wish you good health.Good luck!Good luck with.Wish you success！May you success/succeed!2)Merry Christmas！3)Congratulations(on.)！Well done!4)Enjoy your vacation！Enjoy your stay in China.八、提供帮助八、提供帮助基本用基本用语语：1)提供帮助：提供帮助：Can/Could/Shall I help you?What ca
16、n I do for you?Is there anything(else)I can do for you?Would you like to.?Can you do me a favor?2)接受帮助：接受帮助：That would be nice/fine.Thats very kind of you.Thank you for your help.Yes,please.Here,take this/my.九、打九、打电话电话1.基本用基本用语语:Hello！May I speak to.?Hello！Is.in?May/Could I speak to.?Is that.(speaki
17、ng)?Hold on,please.Hello,who is it/that?He/She isnt here right now.Can I take a message for you?This is.speaking.2.注意要点注意要点:代接代接电话电话的人叫某人接的人叫某人接电话时电话时，先，先对对打打电话电话的人的人说说：Hold on,please.Just a minute,please.然后叫人接然后叫人接电话电话：You are wanted on the phone.Theres a call for you.十、就餐十、就餐基本用基本用语语:What would yo
18、u like(to have).?Would you like something(to eat/drink)?Help yourself to some.Let me give you.Make yourself at home.Id like.A cake/Two eggs,please.Yes,please.Just a little,please.Ive had enough.Im full,thank you.No,thanks.Can I have the bill,please?Its my treat this time.Ill pay.Lets go Dutch this t
19、ime.Waiter!The bill,please.十一、就医十一、就医听到自己的听到自己的亲亲人、朋友或熟人等人、朋友或熟人等谈谈到有关到有关身体健康的身体健康的问题时问题时，如，如“I think I have a bad cold.”如果是朋友，回答如果是朋友，回答“Im sorry to hear that.”或或“Youd better see a doctor.”如如果是果是说给说给医生听，医生需用医生听，医生需用“Take it easy.”来回答。来回答。1)医生医生询问询问病人的用病人的用语语：Whats the matter with you？Whats wrong wi
20、th you?2)病人病人应应答答语语：Theres something wrong with my back.I have a headache/My head aches.I have got a cough.I have got a pain here.It hurts here and there.I dont feel well today.3)医生医生诊诊断、提建断、提建议议及安慰用及安慰用语语：Let me take your temperature.Its nothing serious.You had better ask for a leave and have a res
21、t for a few days.Drink more water and have a good rest.Take these pills 3 times a day.十二、提醒注意十二、提醒注意Dont forget your raincoat.Remember to lock the door.Make sure that all the windows are closed.No Smoking!No Spitting!Look out!Be careful!Wet floor!Dont touch!Its dangerous!Keep off!Wet paint!十三、建十三、建议
22、议与与劝劝告告以建以建议议或者或者劝劝告的形式要某人做一件事，告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因不同于直接命令，因为说话为说话人只是提出建人只是提出建议议，而把做与不做的决定，而把做与不做的决定权权留留给给听听话话人。人。对对于他人提出的建于他人提出的建议议和忠告，若和忠告，若认为认为可以可以接受，要表示接受，要表示赞赏赞赏或感或感谢谢。在拒。在拒绝对绝对方的方的建建议时议时，一般要，一般要给给出理由。出理由。基本用基本用语语：1)I advise you(not)to.Youd better(not).I suggest that you(should).Why not.?Why d
23、ont you do.?How/What about doing.?Shall we.?Lets.2)Yes,I suppose so.Yes,but dont you think.?Thats great.Thats a good idea.Why not?3)Thats impossible,but thank you all the same.Its not our fault.Im afraid I cant do that.Im afraid I cant follow your advice.情感情感一、高一、高兴兴Im glad/pleased/happy to.Thats ni
24、ce/wonderful/great.How wonderful/nice!二、惊奇二、惊奇Really?/Is that so?Oh dear！/My God！Good heavens!/Thank Goodness！I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.三、三、忧虑忧虑Whats wrong？Whats the matter(with you)?Is there anything wrong?Oh,what shall I do?We were all anxious about.四、四、满满意意Good！Well done！Perfect!Thats fin
25、e.Thats better.Thats good enough.Im pleased with五、五、遗遗憾憾Im so sorry！Its a great pity！What a shame!Thats too bad!I wish I had never given it up.If I had been there,he would not have made such a serious mistake.六、同情六、同情Im so sorry!Im so sorry about your illness.Im sorry to hear you are going away.Plea
26、se accept my deep sympathy.态态度度一、同意与不同意一、同意与不同意当当对对方提出某种方提出某种观观点、意点、意见见或或请请求求时时，要表示，要表示恰当而具体的恰当而具体的态态度。要有明确答复。度。要有明确答复。1.同意：同意：Certainly/Sure/Of course.All right.Yes,I think so.Thats true.Good!Excellent!What a good idea!It couldnt be better.Thats a good idea.Its a good idea that.I agree(with you).Th
27、ats the right thing to do.2.不同意：不同意：No,I dont think so.Im afraid not.Im afraid I(really)cant agree with you.Its not very nice.I dont think that is a good idea.Personally,I feel that its unwise.What a terrible idea！No way！二、肯定与不肯定二、肯定与不肯定对对某件事情的真某件事情的真实实性是否肯定、是否有把性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英握，在英语语中常用中常用sure，certai
28、n，doubt等等词词或或may，might，must等情等情态动词态动词表达。表达。may，might具有具有试试探性，探性，must表示一种表示一种逻逻辑辑推断的必然。此外，推断的必然。此外，为为了增了增强强客气的口客气的口吻，表示不肯定吻，表示不肯定时时可以伴随一些表示可以伴随一些表示遗遗憾、憾、担担忧忧或歉意的表达方式。或歉意的表达方式。三、可能与不可能三、可能与不可能He may.It is possible that.It is likely that.He is not likely to do/that.It looks as if/though it might rain l
29、ater.It appears to me that well have to go on foot.I doubt that.Thats/Its quite impossible.Its very unlikely.Thats hardly possible.Thatll never happen.四、偏四、偏爱爱与与爱爱好好Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee.prefer to do rather than doprefer doing to doingId like to go by train.My favo
30、rite subject is physics.Id rather drink coffee than tea.五、意愿与打算五、意愿与打算当希望当希望别别人做某事或者不愿意人做某事或者不愿意让别让别人做某人做某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时时需需要恰当用要恰当用词词，这样这样才能准确地才能准确地传传达自己的达自己的意意图图。Im going to.I will.I would like to.I feel like.I(do not)wish/want/hope to.I wish that.I intend/mean/plan to.Im ready t
31、o.I would rather not tell you.I would do it if I should have the chance.If only I could see him.六、征求或表达意六、征求或表达意见见在表明自己在表明自己对对事物的判断事物的判断时时，好坏要明确，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在是非要分明。尤其在对对方干得比方干得比较较出色出色时时，要多加鼓励。如要多加鼓励。如Well done！Good job！Quite perfect！等。！等。如果要如果要陈陈述自己的某些述自己的某些观观点点时时，英，英语语中一中一般要使用一些般要使用一些较较委婉的短委婉的短语语
32、，如：，如：in my opinion,as I see it,so far as I know,personally speaking等。等。交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，以应答为主，提问为辅；提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语
33、。求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：语有：With pleasure./Yes,help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry,but/Id rather you/Thank you,but/No way./Forget it.等。等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：常用于感谢的应答用语有：Thats all right./You are
34、 welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure(My pleasure)./Not at all.等。等。3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right./That is nothing.等。等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you!/Have a nice time!/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Thank
35、you./The same to you.等。等。2.考查文化差异语。考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。3.考查语言结构语。考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说的态度和
36、情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose,believe)so./Yes,Im afraid so.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：定态度时，则说：No，I dont think(suppose)so./No,I dont believe so./No,I believe(suppose)not./No,I hope not./No,I am afraid not.1.Reading is the best way to pass time on the train._.I
37、 never go travelling without a book.A.You are joking B.Thats true C.I dont think so D.It sounds like funB2.Im sorry for breaking the cup.Oh,_Ive got plenty.A.forget itB.my pleasure C.help yourself D.pardon me 3._！Somebody has left the lab door open.Dont look at me.ADear me BHi,there CThank goodness
38、DCome onA A 4.Is Anne coming tomorrow?_If she were to come,she would have called me.AGo ahead BCertainly CThats right DI dont think so 5.How about dinner tonight?Its on me._ A.You are welcome B.Oh,Id like to C.Well,Im afraid so D.Thats all rightD B 6.I am going to Spain for a holiday soon._.A.Its my
39、 pleasure B.Never mind C.Leave it alone D.Good for you7.Could I use this dictionary?_.Its a spare one.A.Good idea B.Just go ahead C.Youre welcome D.Youd better not D B 1.Im sorry,Sir.I got stuck in the heavy 2.snow on the way to work this morning._ you were so late.It is none of your business.A.Go a
40、head B.Forget it C.No wonder D.No way解析：解析：go ahead“继续继续”;forget it“没关系没关系;算了算了”;no wonder“难怪难怪”;no way“没门没门”。2.You know what?I am going to Shanghai on a free trip this weekend._.A.Good for you!B.It is none of my business.C.You must have been cheated.D.So what?解析：解析：Good for you!你真行你真行!It is none of
41、 my business这不关我的事这不关我的事;You must have been cheated你肯定被骗了你肯定被骗了;So what?那又怎样那又怎样?3.My father is in hospital again._.I hope hell recover soon.A.Its OK B.Sorry to hear that C.All right D.Dont mention it解析：解析：Sorry to hear that听到那件事我很听到那件事我很难过难过;Its OK/All right好的好的;Dont mention it别别客气。客气。4.Will you co
42、mplete the task in time?Sure,I will._.A.Everything is possible B.But its too hard C.No matter what will happen D.Though its a piece of cake解析：解析：此此处处答答语语部分相当于部分相当于Sure,I will complete the task in time,no matter what will happen。No matter what will happen是是一个一个让让步状步状语语从句。从句。5.It took me twenty years
43、to build up my business,and it almost killed me.Well,you know what they say._.A.There is no smoke without fire B.Practice makes perfect C.All roads lead to Rome D.No pains,no gains解析：解析：“花了我二十年花了我二十年时间时间成就事成就事业业,费费了了不少不少劲劲”可知可知,另一方另一方则则表达了表达了观观点点“不不劳劳无无获获(No pains,no gains)”。6.Do you enjoy the seafo
44、od here?_,but Ive got used to it anyway.A.Cant like it better B.Not really C.Not bad actually D.Im really sorry7.Its been raining for a whole week.I think itll get fine soon._.We are getting into the rainy season now.A.Yes,it will B.Of course not C.Its possible D.Its hard to say解析：解析：一方一方认为认为“天很快会天很
45、快会转转晴晴”,另一方另一方则则表示一种表示一种“不肯定不肯定”的看法的看法:很很难说难说。8.Do you mind if I open the door?_.I feel a bit cold.A.Of course not B.Id rather you didnt C.Go ahead D.Please close it解析：解析：考考查查回答回答Do you mind if.的用的用语语。根据。根据I feel a bit cold可知可知,此此处处表示表示“我宁愿你我宁愿你别别开开”。故。故选选B。9.It was announced that another student in
46、 our school had won the first prize for China High School Chemistry Olympiad.Oh,really?_ He must have put a lot of work into it.A.That sounds fine.B.Thats quite something.C.Thats a good point.D.Get a move on.解析：解析：Thats quite something.表示表示对对上面所上面所说说情况的情况的赞扬赞扬和肯定和肯定,“真了不起真了不起”。10.Im not good at table tennis,you know._.Were playing for fun.Just try and youll see you can do it.A.Well,it depends.B.Take your time.C.Come on!D.Thats OK.解析：解析：A“好的好的,看情况而定看情况而定”;B“别别着急着急”;C“(用于鼓励他人用于鼓励他人)来吧来吧”;D“好的好的”。