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1、White Paper:Establishing a Configuration Management Database Schema:A Working Model Overview Introduction Prior to building a Configuration Management Database(CMDB),a schema is needed to identify the working data model that will underpin the database.This paper describes a model that could be used
2、for that purpose.Contents This publication contains the following topics:Topic See Page Overview 1 Schema Design Background 2 Choosing a Schema Design 3 Schema Design Background Introduction The following section describes the background for choosing the particular schema structure demonstrated in t
3、his document.CMDB Schema Defined The Schema,which can be thought of as the underpinning data structure,for the CMDB has two main purposes:1.Identify the key types of CIs that are part of the CMDB.2.Demonstrate how those CI types are interrelated.CMDB Schema Challenges This particular area of ITIL is
4、 new and little industry work or literature exists around it.CMDB Schema Ideas Other ideas for schemas include:Entity Relationship Data Designs UML Diagrams Bill Of Material(BOM)Models Schema example as shown in the ITIL Service Support Book Choosing a Schema Design Ideas Rejected ER&UML:These model
5、s were rejected because it is easy to lose the big picture as these diagrams quickly get extremely complicated.In addition,any new personnel brought in will have to spend a good deal of time learning how those models were put together.BOM:While many of the models reviewed of those reviewed covered v
6、ery complex items such as an entire airplane or space shuttle,it was rejected because the approaches were unique and could not be carried forward easily to other businesses.ITIL Service Support:ITILs example as published in the Service Support book was rejected because it focuses mostly on technolog
7、ical components and a limited view of everything entailed in an IT infrastructure.Successful Schema Design Principles The following design principles were used to underpin the model presented in this paper:Ability to show the entire infrastructure on one page.Supports relationships between configura
8、tion items(CIs)that are applicable across most companies.Accommodates almost any CI type that an IT organization might use.Supports exploding business services into detailed CIs that make up and support those services.Intuitive to understand.At a level that can apply to many business units and organ
9、izations.Schema Example Overview Introduction The following section contains an example schema and descriptions of the components that go into the schema.Contents This chapter contains the following topics:Topic See Page Overview 4 Example CMDB Schema 5 Service CI Types 6 Management CI Types 16 Exam
10、ple CMDB Schema Introduction The model shown below presents how an entire IT infrastructure can be viewed.Schema Model Service View CIs The white bars represent the Service View of the infrastructure.This starts at the top with the Business Services CI Type and explodes downwards to the lowest level
11、 which has the Physical Sites CI type that services and service components reside in.Management View CIs The vertical bars represent the Management View of the infrastructure.Note that each level of the Management View crosses all levels of Service Views.The reason is that each level in the service
12、delivery chain may have management components that are unique to its scope.Continued on next page Business ServicesService Delivery ChannelsBusiness IT ProductsApplicationsShared ServicesTransport ServicesSub-System ServicesHardware/Network Physical AssetsConfigurationArchitectureDataArchitecturePro
13、cessArchitectureOrganizationArchitectureDevelopmentArchitectureExternalSuppliersPhysical SitesManagementArchitectureSecurityArchitectureMaintenanceArchitectureBusiness ServicesService Delivery ChannelsBusiness IT ProductsApplicationsShared ServicesTransport ServicesSub-System ServicesHardware/Networ
14、k Physical AssetsConfigurationArchitectureDataArchitectureProcessArchitectureOrganizationArchitectureDevelopmentArchitectureExternalSuppliersPhysical SitesManagementArchitectureSecurityArchitectureMaintenanceArchitectureExample CMDB Schema,Continued Sub-Schemas At the Configuration Managers discreti
15、on,it is perfectly okay to include sub-schemas within each CI.For example,the Hardware/Network CI type could have sub-schemas such as Mainframe,Server,Com Line,etc.Service CI Types Overview Introduction The following section contains descriptions of the various Service CI types,shown vertically on t
16、he schema graphic.Contents This chapter contains the following topics:Topic See Page Overview 7 Business Service CI Types 8 Service Delivery Channel CI Types 9 Business IT Product CI Types 10 Application CI Types 11 Shared Service CI Types 12 Transport Service CI Types 13 Sub-System Service CI Types
17、 14 Hardware/Network Physical Asset CI Types 15 Physical Site CI Types 16 Business Service CI Types Definition These CIs represent the services offered by the business to their end customers.They may also represent key business units within the company.Examples Examples of Business Service CIs inclu
18、de:Sales support functions HR/Finance Online services to customers Manufacturing department Marketing business unit Service Delivery Channel CI Types Definition Business services are delivered to customers over delivery channels.These CI types cover those mechanisms business services use to deliver
19、to customers.Examples Examples of Service Delivery Channel CIs include:Web-enabled PDA Online Hosted delivery Business IT Product CI Types Definition These types of CIs represent products that are sold or given to outside customers.It would be used for those companies that are in the business of sel
20、ling or giving IT solutions,in the form of IT products or solution offerings,to outside entities.Examples Examples of Business IT Product CIs include:Company built products sold to outside customers.Pass through licenses or products sold/delivered to outside customers.Solution offerings sold or give
21、n to outside customers.Application CI Types Definition These CI types cover application CIs that make up business products and services.Examples Examples of Application CIs include:Application modules and programs Code segments JAVA applets Include files Shared Service CI Types Definition These CI t
22、ypes cover corporate IT services that are shared across business organizations.Examples Examples of Shared Service CIs include:E-mail Intranet web services Middleware used to support application messaging.Development testing environments Transport Service CI Types Definition These CI types cover com
23、pany networking elements that are not hardware(OSI stack layers 2 and above).Examples Examples of Transport CIs include:Satellite TCP/IP Ethernet X.25 X.500 Token Ring Sub-System Service CI Types Definition These CI types cover operating software that is used to directly support applications and bus
24、iness services.Examples Examples of Sub-System CIs might include:Operating systems such as UNIX or Windows Operating system service modules Custom developed systems software programs Operating system utilities that support applications and business services Hardware/Network Physical Asset CI Types D
25、efinition This CI type covers all physical IT assets that are used to support applications and business services.Examples Examples of Hardware/Network Physical Asset CIs include:Mainframes Servers Routers Switches Physical Site CI Types Definition This CI type covers physical facilities where hardwa
26、re/network assets reside to deliver services to applications and business services.Examples Examples of Physical Site CIs include:Data Centers located in various geographies Local banking branch site Corporate Data Center Wiring closet locations Management CI Types Overview Introduction The followin
27、g section contains descriptions of the Management CI Types,shown horizontally in the graphic.Contents This chapter contains the following topics:Topic See Page Overview 17 Configuration Architecture CI Types 18 Data Architecture CI Types 19 Management Architecture CI Types 20 Security Architecture C
28、I Types 21 Process Architecture CI Types 22 Organization Architecture CI Types 23 Development Architecture CI Types 24 External Supplier CI Types 25 Maintenance Architecture CI Types 26 Configuration Architecture CI Types Definition This type of CI contains information on how the IT infrastructure i
29、s assembled and put together.CI relationships are also stored here.Configuration Architecture CIs can be viewed as the“glue”that holds the infrastructure together.Examples Examples of Configuration Architecture CIs include:Pointer to Service Catalog CI Relationships(including what holds this model t
30、ogether)Asset Information Blueprints Floor plans Infrastructure Architecture descriptions and designs Pointers to Definitive Hardware Stores(DHS)Pointers to Definitive Software Libraries(DSL)Pointers to ITIL databases and repositories Data Architecture CI Types Definition This CI type covers all dat
31、a element components that reside in the infrastructure.Examples Examples of Data Architecture CIs include:Database schemas Logical database designs Physical database designs SAN architecture layout ITIL database and repository data layouts Application metadata descriptions Pointers to physical datab
32、ases Management Architecture CI Types Definition This CI type covers tools used to monitor and manage the infrastructure and additional tools in place to support IT Service Management processes.Examples Examples of Management Architecture CIs include:Event management tools Incident logging and escal
33、ation tools Service desk tools Network management tools Monitoring and control tools Service reporting tools Security Architecture CI Types Definition This CI type covers hardware,software and networking assets that make up the security infrastructure.Examples Examples of Security Architecture CIs i
34、nclude:Identity Management software components Security event logs Pointers to security databases Security Management software Physical security devices such as cameras,biometric devices,etc.Virus detection software Process Architecture CI Types Definition This CI type covers process and procedural
35、components that are used to provide IT Service Management support and control over the IT infrastructure.Examples Examples of Process Architecture CIs include:Incident Management process guide Problem Management process guide Capacity Management process guide Change Management process guide Guiding
36、principles Process KPIs and measurements SLA and OLA targets Service Desk call procedures Organization Architecture CI Types Description This CI type covers organizational elements related to personnel that operate and manage the IT infrastructure.Examples Examples of Organization Architecture CIs i
37、nclude:Organization structure HR policies Job descriptions Roles/skills descriptions Development Architecture CI Types Definition This type of CI covers those components that are used to build application solutions.Examples Examples of Development Architecture CIs include:Compilers Code libraries Te
38、sting architectures Code generators Test data generators Make files External Supplier CI Types Definition This type of CI covers those elements related to outside suppliers to the IT infrastructure.Examples Examples of External Supplier CIs include:Underpinning contracts Supplier billing histories L
39、icense agreements Outsourcing agreements Vendor histories Vendor correspondence Maintenance Architecture CI Types Definition This type of CI covers those elements used to maintain infrastructure components.Examples Examples of Maintenance Architecture CIs might include:Pointers to maintenance agreements Supply inventories such as toner,paper,etc.Inventory reorder/restock points Maintenance instructions for hardware components Service patches