《高中英语高考语法知识讲解(强调句+虚拟句+倒装句).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语高考语法知识讲解(强调句+虚拟句+倒装句).docx(4页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高考英语语法知识讲解一、强调句【定义】通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。例句:It was Lily who broke the cup.是丽丽打碎了杯子。【分类】1 .使用强调句型表示强调It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他例句:It was her who I saw yesterday.我昨天看到的是她。Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他例句:Was it her who I saw yesterday?我昨天看到的是她吗?被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他?例句: whe
2、n and where was it that you were born?你什么时候出生的?出生在哪里?It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他快!句:It was not until his mother came back that the boy went to bed.直到他妈妈回来,男孩才肯上床睡觉。2 .使用一个单词表示强调do/does/did+动词前可表示强调例句:I do complete my tasks.我真的完成了我的任务。never/only/very/mere /perfect 可表示强调例句:This is a very questio
3、n that deserves careful analysis.这真是一个值得仔细分析的问题。二、虚拟句【定义】虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的 事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。例句:If I were a bird, I wou 1 d be able to fly in the air.如果我是鸟,我就能在空中飞行。【分类】3 .虚拟条件句条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If +主语+过去时,主语+ should (could, would,或might) +动词原形例句:If I were you, I woul
4、d try.如果我是你,我会试一试。条件从句与过去事实不一致,其句型为:If + 主语+ had +过去分词,主语 + should (could, would,或 might) + have + 过去分 词例句:if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.如果昨晚医 生来了,这个孩子也许可以救活。条件从句与将来事实不一致,其句型为:If +主语+过去时/ should +动词原形/ were to +动词原形,主语+ should (could, would,或might) +动词原形例句:If it sh
5、ould rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。注: 条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装。例句:Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.如果昨晚医生 来了,这个孩子也许可以救活。If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。2.从句中的虚拟语气定语从句虚拟语气:表示:“早该做某事了”其句型为:It is (high / about) time that +主语+动词的过去式/ should+动词原形例句:It
6、 is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 主语从句虚拟语气:表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义其句型为:It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. . . that.It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. . . that.It worries me that.It is admirable / necessary / natural. . that.例句:It is a pity that we should not meet last night.真
7、遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过 面。表语从句或同位语从句虚拟语气:表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时;其句型:(should) +动词原形。例句:He told us his idea that he should go to university.他告诉了我们他的想法: 他想上大学。宾语从句虚拟语气:advis
8、e, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist (坚决要求),order, propose, request, suggest (建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气;其句型:(should) +原形动词。例句:He insisted that he hadn t taken the cup.他坚持说他没有拿那个杯子。believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚 拟语气。其句型:should +原形动词。例句:Can you believe that s
9、he should do it?你能相信她竟然做到了?wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气;其句型:发生在主句动作之前,从句用had +过去分词或者would / could / might / should + have +过去分词;与主句动作同时发生,从句用过去时(be用were );发生在主句动作之后,从句用would / could / might / should +原形动词例句:I wish she did not show up.我真希望她没有出现。状语从句虚拟语气方式状语从句:as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气
10、;其句型:发生在主句动作之前,其从句用had +过去分词;与主句动作同时发生,其从句用过去时(be用were );发生在主句动作之后,would / could / might / should+原形动词;例句:He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。目的状语从句:在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为: should +动词原形。并且should不能省略;例句:He started out earlier lest he should be late.
11、他很早就出发了以防迟到。so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形;例句:He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的 人以便能挺得更清楚。让步状语从句:though, although等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形例句:Though he should often be late, he is a good st
12、udent.尽管他经常迟到,他还 是个好学生。三、倒装句【定义】为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。为什么要用倒装句!特别强调:如。nly和否定词引导的“部分倒装”类句型,就是为了强调这个内容而特别 把它放到最前面; 区分语气:如陈述句用降调的,而疑问句是升调,从而对话过程中容易知道对方说话的情 绪; 避免主语太长,将谓语放在前面先讲出来,然后再将主语叙述出来;【分类】1 .部分倒装句首是否定意义的副词时,句子需部分倒装;如:not, hardly, never, seldom, rarely, scarcely 等词放在句首,表达一种惊讶和不可思议的语气,例句:Seld
13、om do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。nly放在句首,与副词、介词短语或状语从句连用时,句子需要部分倒装;例句:only in this way could we afford to eat.只有这种办法才能让我们解决温饱问题。sothat句型,且so置于句首;例句:So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else.这女孩漂 亮的让人再说不出别的来了。 在if引导的虚拟条件从句中,并且含有had, were, should等时,如果要将if省略,则 需要部分倒装,将had, w
14、ere, should移到主语之前。例句:Had I been there, this problem wouldnt have happened.我如果在那,就不会发生这样的问题。2 .完全倒装表示地点、时间或顺序的副词here, there, now, then等置于句首时;例句:Here comes the car.车来了。 当There be/live开头的句子中,主语后并无其他成分时;例句:There live a lot of sportmen.那里住着很多运动员。当表示方向的副词置于句首时,全句完全倒装;例句:up went the umbrellas. 撑起伞。但是主语是人称代词的时候,不能使用倒装句型。例句:Away it went.(无倒装) 表语或地点状语放在句首,表示强调,全句用完全倒装;例句:Round the corner came three girls.三个女孩从转角处走了过来。