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1、走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区)高考总复习高考总复习 语法专项突破语法专项突破 第二部分第二部分专题十三特殊句式专题十三特殊句式第二部分第二部分一、倒装句的2种类型类别倒装条件倒装方法典句例示全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等，主语是名词副词谓语主语Here are some picture books.Out rushed a cat from under the table.以then，now，t
2、hus，such开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语是名词副词谓语主语Then came a new difficulty.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句例示部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)hardly.when，no sooner.than，not only.but(also)等连接两个分句时，如果hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变Hardly/No sooner/Not on
3、ly助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分when/than/but also分句No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in.Not only was he forced to stay home,but also he had to do his homework.so(such).that中的so(such)位于句首时Soadj./adv.系动词/助动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分that从句So small was the market that I could hardly see it.So clearly does he
4、 speak English that he can always make himself understood.类别倒装条件倒装方法典句例示特别提醒1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒装Here you are.Then he left.Away they hurried.2.only修饰主语置于句首时，不能倒装Only he knows the secret.3.若两个主语一致时，则表示同意以上观点，不能倒装，此时so表示“的确如此”He looks young.So he does.4.当前
5、面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”Tom likes singing,but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.5.Neither.，nor.“不，也不”，连接两个并列分句时，这两个并列分句都用倒装结构Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it.二、省略句的5种类型种类要点归纳典句例示宾语从句由which，when，where或how引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语可全部或部分省略，只保留一个连接代词或连
6、接副词He will come back,but he doesnt know when(he will come back)引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略Do you think it will rain?I hope not(tha
7、t it will not rain)种类要点归纳典句例示定语从句在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that，which，whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。关系代词在从句中作表语时也可省略He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday.the way，the time后的定语从句，常省略关系词I dont like the way(that/in which)he speaks to others.I dont know the time(when)he arrived.状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句谓语中有
8、be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中，如含有had，were，should，if可省略，句子要用倒装Were I(If I were)twenty now,I would join the army.种类要点归纳典句例示动词不定式不定式符号to的省略感官动词或使役动词(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略toI heard s
9、omeone sing in the next room.在do nothing but，cant help but，why not，would rather.than.；prefer to do.rather than.等句型中省略toHe did nothing but wait all the time.动词不定式不定式省略使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面I asked him to see the film,
10、but he didnt want to.在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have beenAre you a sailor?No,but I used to be.三、强调的2种类型种类要点归纳典句例示强调句It is/was.that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他情况下用thatIt was him th
11、at we met at the school gate.在强调句中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film.如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调句结构须用：It is.that/who.；如原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则强调句结构须用It was.that/who.It was I who saw him in the street yest
12、erday afternoon.What is it that you want me to do？种类要点归纳典句例示强调句“not.until.”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until.that.”It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：疑问词is/wasitthat/who.？Where wa
13、s it that you met Jack yesterday？谓语动词的强调 do/does/did动词原形Do come here this evening.“never助动词do”也常用来表示强调。一般意为“从来没有，绝不”I never did like her，you know.四、强调句型与3大从句的辨析类型区别典句例示与主语从句的区别强调句型去掉It is/was.that.之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句)It is a fact that English is being acc
14、epted as an international language.(主语从句)与定语从句的区别强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(强调句)It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句)与状语从句的区别强调句型去掉It is/was.that后，结构完整，而It is.when.中，it指代时间It was at six oclock that I got up tod
15、ay.(强调句)It was six oclock when I got up today.(状语从句)五、其他重要的特殊句式种类要点归纳典句例示反意疑问句陈述部分含有must当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用neednt当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must/mayYou must go now,neednt you?You mustnt smoke here,must/may you？当must表示推测时，其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词You must have heard about it,havent you?You must h
16、ave watched that football match last night，didnt you？陈述部分含有used to其反意疑问词用usednt或didntYou used to sleep with the windows open,usednt/didnt you？种类要点归纳典句例示反意疑问句陈述部分含有ought to其反意疑问词用oughtnt或shouldntHe ought to attend the lecture,oughtnt/shouldnt he？陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式He could hardly walk withou
17、t a stick,could he？陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesnt he？当陈述部分带有宾语从句时疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致，但如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等，且主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致He said that he would come to my birthday party,didnt he?I dont believe he will succ
18、eed,will he？种类要点归纳典句例示祈使句否定式在动词前面加dontDont be so sure.强调式肯定句在其前加do，否定句在其前加neverDo come on time this evening.Never come late！带有主语的祈使句为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”，有时还可同时加称呼语Tom,you water the flowers!You,girls,clean the desks;you，boys，sweep the floor.祈使句and/or陈述句陈述句往往用一般将来时Work hard and y
19、ou will succeed.More time and I will do it better.名词短语and/or陈述句种类要点归纳典句例示感叹句How形容词/副词主语谓语！How fast he is running！How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！How difficult a problem it is！How主语谓语！How time flies！Whata/an形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！What a clever boy he is！What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！What sweet water it is！What形容词复数名词主语谓语！What beautiful flowers these are！What名词主语谓语！What news it is！