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1、2023年初中英语语法总结：4大时态的用法归纳过去进行时1 .过去进行时的形式：was/were +现在分词2 .过去进行时的用法：1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作We were expecting you yesterday.我们昨天一直在等你。What book were you reading when I saw you at four yesterday afternoon?昨天下午四点我看见你时，你在看什么书？I wasnt having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时我没 在跟李华谈话。Was he watching TV when yo
2、u came back? 你回来的时候， 他正在看电视吗？Kate was reviewing her lessons at eight last night. 昨晚 8点的时候凯特正在复习功课。While my mother was watching TV, I was making a kite.我 妈妈在看电视的时候，我在制作风筝。2）描绘一幅景象或故事背景Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some过去将来时的其他表示方法1) was/were going toHe was going to start wor
3、k the following week.他打算下星 期开始工作。He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告 诉我说他要参加那次会议。The teacher asked me if we were going to watch the game. 老师问我们是否去看比赛。Last time I saw you, you were going to start to Tibet by train.上次我见到你时，你正打算乘火车去西藏。2)过去进行时He told me he was leaving in an hour.他告诉我他
4、一个小时后 就要走了。1 heard they were getting married in June. 我听说他们六月 结婚。3) was/were about toWe were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃 中饭的时候，门铃响起来了。I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我 正要睡
5、觉，他来看我了。Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布 朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。The meeting was about to be held the following day.会议打 算第二天开。4) was(were) due toThey were due to leave at ten oclock.他们定于十点出发。 When was the ship due to arrive?船预订什么时候到达？ She was due to graduate that summer.她将于那年暑假毕业。5)
6、was/were + 不定式He said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4 p. m.他说他下午四点去车站接他女朋友。The cinema was to close the second day. 电影院第二天就要 倒闭了。At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.那时他不知道辞职将会成 为他生活的转折点。The building was to be completed next
7、month. 这座建筑改在 下个月竣工。We were to have our class at eight.，、点我们该上课了。The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. 你 应该用来买狗食的钱不见了。children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.上星期天，我和往常一样，又去河边 坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。It was snowing as the medical team
8、made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。3)表示按计划、安排过去某时将要发生的动作A train was leaving at midnight for Beijing. 半夜有趟歹U 车开往北京。They said that they were going back to their own country. 他们说他们将回自已的国家。4) 与 always, constantly, continually, forever 等连用，表示感情色彩She was constantly complaining of the cold.她总抱怨天
9、气太冷。He was always making noises.他总爱大声喧闹。He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想着他的 工作。She was forever complaining.她老是抱怨。现在完成时1 .现在完成时的形式have/has + 过去分词2 .现在完成时的用法1）表示一件事已经发生，这件事对现在有影响或与现在情况有联系。Weve finished the work.我们已经完成了工作。Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。Have you seen my bag?你看到我的手提包了吗？
10、No.I haven*t.不，我没看见。I haven * t finished my homework. Can you help me? 我还没完 成我的功课。你可以帮帮我吗？My father has read the novel twice.我爸爸已经看过两遍这 本小说了。They1ve bought some plates. You dont have to buy any more. 他们已经买了一些碟子。你不用再买了。Who has opened the window? 谁把窗子打开了 ？2）表示持续到现在的状态Have you waited long?你等了很久吗？The te
11、mperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直 很热。We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直彳艮忙。He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在 这儿。She has stayed in her room for hours ! 她在房间 里呆了 几个 小时了！3 .现在完成时在表达时常和一些词连用:1) 常和 just, already, yet , recently, lately, ever, never 等 副词连用I havent seen the m
12、ovie yet.我还没看这部电影。Have you ever sung this English song? 你曾 唱过这首英文 歌吗？rve just lost my chemistry book.我刚才丢了 我的化学书。We1ve already returned the car.我们已经把车还了。Recently the problem has aroused people1 s concern. 最近这 个问题引起了人们的关注。There have been a lot of changes in our city recently. 我 们的城市最近发生了很大的变化。Have yo
13、u heard from your family lately?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？We have never heard of it before.我们从来没有听说过这 件事。2）常和for, since等引导的状语连用，或与how long连用。Weve learnt English for three years.我们学习英语已经三年了。1 haven11 met him for a long time.我好长时间没见到他了。How long have they been in China?他们在中国呆了 多长时 间了？Mr. Smith has worked here since
14、 1984. 1984 年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。过去完成时1 .过去完成时的形式：had +过去分词2 .过去完成时的用法：表示事情或动作发生在过去某时间之前。Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到达晚会时，他发现大多数客人已经离开了。I had learned 900 English words by the time I was ten. 我 十岁之前已经学会了 900个单词。How many houses had they built in their village by the end of l
15、ast year?到去年年底他们村里建了多少房子？We had reached the station before nine oclock. 我们 9 点 之前已经到达了车站。Until then, his family hadn* t heard from him for six month. 到那时为止，他们父母半年没有收到他的来信了。Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞 机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。3 .过去完成时的一些常见情况1）用在宾语从句中She said she had been a doctor for tw
16、enty years.她说她当 过20年的医生。We were surprised at what she had done.我们对于她的所作所 为感到惊讶。He asked me where I had been during the summer holidays. 他 问我暑假去哪里了。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that t
17、he factory was going to shut down. 听到这个消息我并不 感到吃惊。工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门 的。2）用在状语从句中When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察至U 达时，小偷们早就跑了。They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.他们买了食物和饮料后就开始爬山了。He had worke
18、d in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.他参军之前已经在工厂里干了 3年。We had got to the station before the train left. 火车开出 之前，我们就已经到了车站。Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此 她不得不等她丈夫回来。He described the scene as if he had been ther
19、e.他描绘的景 色如同他去过那里一样。3）用在定语从句中His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.当他终于收到他盼望已久的杂志时，他 兴奋得两眼闪光。I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已经归还了 我借 的书。4）用于hope, intend, mean, think等动词表示未实现的愿望。 They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten. 他们本来 打算能在10点之前到达。I
20、had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldnt get away,昨晚我本想去看你的， 但有人来了我走不开。We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。I thought that I had seen him before.我觉得我以前见过他。过去将来时1 .过去将来时的形式 would/should + v2 .过去将来时的用法1）表示从过去观点看将要
21、发生的事Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us. 不论何 时我们遇到困难，他总会给予帮助。It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It was six or clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。 太阳即将落山。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来 有一天他们能再见面。I asked what you would think of him if
22、he failed.我问你 要是他失败了你会怎样看他。They were sure they would win the final victory.他们坚信 会赢得最后胜利。2）这个时态常用在宾语从句中They never knew the population would be a big problem. 他 们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。She didnt tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去 哪儿。Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 贝 蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。We never imagined that John would become a doctor.我们从 来没有想过约翰会成为一个医生。My brother told me that he would be back on Sunday.哥哥告诉我他星期日回来。