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1、专题5英语的语态一、意义：语态是解决“谁当老大的问题。如果强调动作的施动者，那就以它为主语，称为主动语态；I had the apple this morning.（主动语态）如果强调受动者，那就以它为主语，称为被动语态。The apple was eaten by me this morning.（被动语态）二、形式：无论是主动语态还是被动语态，都很有“仪式感”，主动语态要用动词“do”的各种形式体现时态, 而被动语态中则需要动词“be done”的各种形式体现时态。（红色部分为考纲要求考生必须掌握的内容） be done （is done, are done）一般现在时(is/are be
2、ing done) 现在进行时(have/has been done)现在完成时(have/has been being done)现在完成进行时Be done (was done, were done)般过去时(was/were being done)过去进行时(had been done)过去完成时(had been being done)过去完成进行时Be done (will be done, is/are going to be done, shall be done) 一般将来时(will be being done)将来进行时(will have been done)将来完成时(
3、will have been being done)将来完成进行时Be done ( would be done, was/were going to be done, should be done) 一般过去将来时(would be being done)过去将来进行0寸(would have been done) 过去将来完成时(would have been being done)过去将来完成进行时三、范围：1.不及物动词没有被动语态。(比如 take place, happen, burst out, break out, belong to, occur, appear, last,
4、 rise, come, go, show up, turn up, fade, disappear, run, walk, stand, lie, exist, rest, fail 等)1) . The meeting broke up at dusk.会议黄昏时分才结束。2) . A small river runs through the village.一条小河穿存流过。牛刀小试单句语法填空1 .A new museum(build) here. They hope to finish it next month.2 . Your article(read) very well.3
5、.The flower needs (water).4 . Hundreds of jobs(lose) if the factory closes.5 .Many a way(use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.6 .They are novels, plays and poems that(write) a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.7.1 have been informed
6、that the exhibition(hold) next week.8.Many a student(send) to plant trees so far.9.If you are caught smoking in this area, you(fine) by the police.10.What will you do if you(bite) by mosquitoes at this very moment?答案：l.is being built3. watering/to be watered 4.will be lost5.has been used6.were writt
7、en7. will be held 8.has been sent 9.will be fined lO.are being bitten真题实战语法填空1 .(2020全国卷 I )Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon(construct).”2 .(2020浙江高考)And, as more children were born, more food(need).3 .
8、(2016高考上海卷)In recent years, stress(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness4 . (2020 高考全国卷 III)The artist was sure he would(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.5 .(2017高考全国卷 II )
9、 Steam engines(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.6 .(2016高考上海卷)In recent years, stress(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness答案:1 .means; is constructed 2.wa
10、s needed 3.has been regarded 4.be chosen5.were used6 . has been regarded 语法填空The first zoo_l(establish) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later, a Chinese emperor 2(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth. Later zoos were set up for the
11、 purpose of studying animals.Some of the early European zoos 3.(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages, the bad conditions of which made people the zoos 4.(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5 (keep)in good places became the first modern early as the 1940s, scientists 6.
12、(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced then, zoos 7.(try) to save many endangered species, but relying on zoos 8.(save) species is not best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.Today animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.(watch) car
13、efully for any sign of specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can receive treatment when ilh all the animals there live a comfortable life. Anyway, it is true that zoo breeding programs have played an important role in 10.(protect) many species of wildlife.1. was
14、established2. built3. consisted4. were replaced7 . have been trying8 .to save9 .are watched2 .有些动词是及物的也没有被动关系尤其是表示“静态” (have, own, cost, wish, suit, fit, hold)The meeting room held 336 students celebrating the graduation ceremony.3 .有些时候，用介词+名词表示被动语态，比如：(under repair, under control, under discussion
15、, on sale, on display, on show, on fire 等)The bride to the city is under construction now.通向城市的桥梁正在被修建。4 .有些短语通过微小变化实现主被动转换，如：in charge of主管Wfin the charge of由某人所掌管，in possession of 占有 W fin the possession of 被某人所占有，be familiar with 熟悉 Wf be familiar to 为某人所熟知的I am not familiar with the city. WfThe
16、city is not familiar to me.我对这个城市不熟悉W”这个城市对我来说很陌生。四、有些情况用主动表示被动。1) . Something is easy to do2) . Something needs/wants/requires doing3) . The book is worth reading carefully4) . With a lot of homework to do, I have no time for fun.5) .表示感官的系动词没有被动语态(smell, taste, feel, sound, look)The flowers smell
17、sweet.这些花闻起来很香。6) .描述物体物理属性的时候。(cut, sell, wear, tear, wash, run, operate, work, weigh, measure 等)The pen writes smoothly.钢笔写起来很滑顺。The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.这些自行车都有只能手机安装在车把上用了测量它们正在给旅馆提供多少电量。7) . Who is t
18、o blame?该怪谁?五、有些动词常用被动表达主动。1) . be faced with, be equipped with, be armed with, be prepared for, be determined to do, be concerned about, be satisfied with, be sold out of, be devoted to doing, be supposed to do二be expected to do=shouldMost are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consist
19、ing of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.He thought of his bird with no seeds and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was determined that he would not tell a lie.(3)Catherine was supposed to go with me, but she may have to work extra hours tomorrow.Others are concerned about u
20、sing gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.2) .常见的使役动词(suiprise, shock, astonish, exhaust, tire, seat, shock, puzzle, amuse, excite, interest, encourage, inspire, amaze, bore)In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone national park, Bob Christiansen bec
21、ame puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before： he couldnt find the parks volcano.The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories-only minutes after they happenbut soon hes presented with a contract to sign.(3) Executives feel bored with too many specific elements
22、 of Shakespeare*s plays.Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.六、某些不及物动词的过去分词已经形容词化，不是被动语态(retire, gone)He is gone.(他离开了)He is retired (他退休了)七、不是所有的被动语态都表示被动，有些表示的是状态。1) . The cup is broken.杯子破了。(表示状态)The cup w
23、as broken by the boy.杯子被小男孩打破了。(表示动作)八、考题再现：一)、单句语法填空。1. When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.2. Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I(allow)to gain access to their living environment.3. Steam engines(use)to pull the carriages and it must
24、have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise However, the railway quickly proved to be4. Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time.5. It means
25、we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).6. The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.7. The parts of a museum open to the public(call)galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of
26、 a museums collection is on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.8. And, as more children were born, more food(need).9. On the outing, she(offer)a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.10. (determine)to be myself, move forward, free of
27、shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a nmarathon winner.11. At my heaviest I(weigh) 370 pounds. That was when I was at college.12. When a leafy plant is attack, it doesnt sit quietly.13. It also doesnt require a new type of technology which people arent already familiar.14. Also, dont wea
28、r loose clothes, long scarves, big necklaces, or loose belts they getin something or fallinto liquid.15. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply(attract)to humans.16. The living environment of other species will remain(unchange).17. Just before September, Miller(strike)by a car and
29、 lost his right arm.18. This function of the Internet particularly(strike)when Im writing.19. Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked(please) with this explanation.20. Its(surprise) how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think.21. It al
30、so doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar.二、翻译句子：(注意区主被动语态。)22. 志愿者可以到最需要帮助的社区去服务。(need)23. 76岁的Wilson, 一个退休的工程师，在过去的8年里一直在为大学生提供免费的顺风车。(offer)24. 好消息！我已经得到了一份为期3年的工作，为伯明翰大学(Birmingham University)的Prof. Hayes教授做 助手。(offer)25. 沿街所有的商店都会向顾客开放直到所有的人都买到心仪的纪念品。(open)26
31、. 伦敦中心铁路是这些新开通路线中最成功的路线之一，在1900年开始运行。(open)27. 这次行程安排的很紧，包括一次与外长的间短对话。(include)28. 今年暑假我们全家去了一趟北欧旅行,而且把宠物狗也被带上了。(include)29. 学期每年9月开始然后这个小镇因为新人的加入又恢复了生机。(start)30. 我想我要开始阅读这些书籍了。(start)31. Emma从来没认为自己是一只鹤(crane)并且对人类相当的依赖。(attach)32. 我告诉他好多我所参与的活动。(involve)33. 在活动开展之前，学生该参加一次语言测试。(expect)34. 通常来说，女的
32、预计比男的寿命长6、7年。(expect)答案：1. are removed, 2.have been allowed, 3.were used,4. was told/has been told, 5. is constructed,6. be chosen, 7. is called, 8. was needed, 9. was offered, 10. Determined, 11. weighed,12.under, 13. with, 14.caught, 15.attached,16. unchanged, 17. was struck, 18. is.striking,19. p
33、leased, 20. surprising, 21. With22. The Volunteers will work in the communities where help is badly needed.23. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.24. Wonderful news! Fve been offered a job for three years as an assistant t
34、o Prof. Hayes from Birmingham University.25. All the shops along the street stay open to customers until all of them have purchased their favorite souvenirs.26. The central London railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.27. The schedule is heavily arranged,
35、including a brief talk with the foreign minister.28. My family went on a tour to north Europe this summer, the pet dog included(including the pet dog).29. School days usually start in September every year and the tow comes back to life with the new comers.30.1 think Fil get started with these books.
36、31. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.32.1 told him about the many activities in which I was involved.33. Before starting their program, students are expected to take a language test.34. In general, women can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
37、动词的被动语态考点详解【命题解读】通过研究历年高考真题可以看出，谓语动词的被动语态是高考中的高频考点。对于谓语动词被动语态的考 查在高考中主要体现在语法填空和短文改错中。语法填空中对动词的考查以有提示词形式呈现，短文改错 中考查动词的误用或多/少词。【命题预测】预计2022年高考对谓语动词被动语态的考查仍旧是热门命题。以语法填空、短文改错兼顾完形填空的语篇 辨析。【复习建议】1 .掌握谓语动词被动语态的基本用法2 ,掌握被动语态的构成在各种时态中的规律考点一被动语态的构成方式构成：be+过去分词be+过去分词，口语中也用“get/become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要
38、提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常 用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。般现在时do doesam/is/are + done一般过去时didwas/were + done一般将来时 will dowill + be + done过去将来时 would dowould + be + done现在进行时 am/is/are doingam/is/are + being + done过去进行时 was/was doingwas/were + being + done现在完成时 have/has donehave/has + been + done过去完成时 had done
39、had + been + done1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)同时对被动语态和时态的考查。典例剖析(2021 高考全国乙卷)It(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now beencompletely restored（修复）.【答案】was built【解析】考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据originally和the Tang dynasty可知，build这一动作发 生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语为it,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。典例剖析(202 0 高
40、考全国卷 III)The artist was sure he would(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.答案】be chosen【解析 1考查被动语态。句意：这个艺术家确定他会被选上，但是当他把他的作品呈献给皇上的首席大臣 时，这个老人却笑了。从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系，设空前有情态动词would,故填be choseno(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了 t。，变成被动语态时，需加上t。
41、The boss made Jim work all day long. He was made to work all day long (by the boss).老板让吉姆整天都工作。(3)短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.你应该注意你的发音和拼写。(4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形 变为“be +过去分词:We can repair this watch
42、 in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。(5)当句子的谓语为 say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：a.谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。b.用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy.一It is said that he is a smart boy.据说他是个聪明的男
43、孩。People know paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.众所周知I,纸最先在中国被制造。类彳以句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.2 .不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost
44、等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3 .主动形式表被动含义典例剖析(2021 高考浙江卷 6 月)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield,
45、Illinois,(prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.【答案】has proven/has proved【解析】考查动词的语态和时态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是but连接的并列句的谓语动词， 根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为Lincoln、home,谓语应用第三人称单 数形式；根据设空处后的形容词irresistible可知，prove应是系动词，意为“证明是”，没有被动语态。prove 的过去分词有proved和proven两种形式。故填has proven/h
46、as proved0当 feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等后面接形容词时；当 cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash 等作为不及物动 词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。The dishes smell good.这菜闻起来味道不错。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料好洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。The door wo
47、nt lock.这门无法关上。（2）当 happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out 等动词（短语）表示“发生、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.计划成功实施了。How did the crazy situation come about?这种疯狂局面是如何发生的？（3）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。machine wants repaired.对比二The machine wants to be repaired.这台机器需要修理了。（4）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。限在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.这个女孩不易相处。注意be to blame （受谴责），be to rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动意义。4 .被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路;be dr