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1、中考英语词法知识形容词专项复习一、形容词的功能形容词可修饰名词或代词,在句中作状语,定语,表语或补足语,其功能如下: 一 .作定语a nice dayan exciting movieI have something important to tell you.二 .作表语,放在系动词之后be /feel /get/ turn/look等】She is happy.He looks young.三 .作宾补I find the lecture interesting. 宾补The classroom is kept clean. 主补四.作状语原因状语Hungry and tired, I h
2、ad to stop working.又饿又累,我停止了工作。结果状语After the long journey, we went back home, hungry and tired.长途旅行之后,我们回到了家,又饿又累。伴随状语He stood there, full of fear.他站在那里充满了恐惧。方式状语We arrived there very late safe and sound.我们很晚到那儿,安然无恙。二、形容词的构成1.本身即为形容词的词child childish 孩子气的pink粉色的 glad高兴的nice好的加后缀:ive2.加后缀组成的形容词expens
3、e expensive 昂贵的加后缀:y加后缀:fulwind windy多风的use useful有用的health heal thy 健康的peace peaceful 和平的加后缀:ablefaith faithful 忠诚的comfort comfortable 舒适的加后缀:OUS加后缀:aldanger dangerous 危险的person personal 个人的fame famous 著名的nature natural 天然的加后缀:ly加后缀:enfriend friendly 友好的gold golden 金色的year yearly 每年的加后缀:entfather f
4、atherly 父亲般的differ different 不同的3.复合形容词的构成加后缀:ish副词+现在分词hard-working 辛勤的副词+过去分词well -known众所周知的名词+过去分词man- made人造的名词+现在分词english -speaking 说英语的名词+形容词world- famous世界知名的数字+名词five- star 5 星级的数词+名词edfive -storeyed 五层的形容词+过去分词 ready-made 现成的形容词+名词edabsent -minded心不在焉的 cold-blooded 冷血的形容词+现在分词easy- going
5、随和的11 .数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old 五岁的12 .其他first -rate 第一流的face -to -face面对面的4.分词式形容词boring令人厌烦的bored厌烦的exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 失望的三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则及基本用法形容词和副词比较等级的构成,有规则变化和不规则的变化。一般在单音节词后面加er/est,多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more/mosto1.规则变化【单音节词和少数双音节词】 构成方法一般直接加er /rest tall tall
6、er tallest hard harder hardest 不发音的e结尾的词直接加r/st large large largest late later latest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i再加er/est easy easier easiesthappy happier happiest以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写,最后的辅音字母再加er/est thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest【多音节词和部分双音节词】在词前加more mostcareful more careful most careful useful more
7、 useful most useful 形容词的不规则变化【重点】 good/ well better best bad/ badly worse worst many/ much more most little less leastfar有两个比较级和最高级,用法比较特殊,含义不同 far farther 更远,较远 farthest 最远far further更远,更进一步furthest最远,最大程度 形容词副词比较级和最高级的主要结构: 一,比较级常用结构用于两者的比较,常用比较级+thanThe computer is newer than that one.这个电脑比那个电脑新。
8、比较级+than+any othcr+单数Tony is taller than any other boy in his class.托尼比他班里的任何一个男生都高。比较级+than+the other+复数名词+in.Tony is taller than the other students in his class.托尼比他班上其他同学都高。The+比较级+of+the twoTony is the taller of the twins.Tony是这对双胞胎中更高的那个。比较级+and+比较级Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天变得越来
9、越暖和了。the+比较级,the+比较级The more you read, the faster you will be.你读的越多,就会读的越快。which/ what /who+比较级Who plays basketball better, Mike or Sam?谁篮球打得好,迈克还是山姆?_much /a lot /even/ far/ a little/ a bit+比较级,表示加强语气He feels even worse than yesterday.他甚至觉得比昨天更难受了。倍数+比较级The river is three times longer than that one
10、.这条河是那条河的3倍长。二,最高级常用结构the+最高级+单数名词+in/of.Kate is the tallest student in her class.凯特是班上最高的学生。He jumps fastest of all the class.他是我们班跳的最远的。one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数加in/ of.This is one of the oldest houses in the city.这个是城市里最古老的房子之一。特殊疑问词+the+最高级Which is the cheapest store in town?镇上最便宜的商店是哪家?the+序数词+形
11、容词最高级The yellow river is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。主要从四个方面来学习形容词:形容词的构成,形容词的功能,形容词的位置,形容词的比较级最高级,四、形容词的位置形容词在句中的位置,主要指作定语时与名词的排列顺序,有前置定语和后置定语。一、置于名词前,称之为前置定语wonderful weather极好的天气exciting news令人激动兴奋的消息当多个形容词或起形容词作用的其他词同时出现作定语时,一般按照各词语与被修饰词之间 的紧密程度排列,其排列顺序如下:相信我们高中的同学都熟悉这个口诀,县官行令宴国才
12、。县:是指限定词,包括冠词,形容词,物主代词,指示代词,名词,所有格官:表示观点性的描绘性形容词行:指高矮,大小等形状的形容词令:指年龄,新旧的形容词晏:表示颜色的形容词国:指国籍,地区,出处的形容词材:表示材料的形容词来看几组,试着互译一下:a green Japanese car一辆绿色日本小轿车al 1 these last few days最近这些口子an old brown woolen carpet一块旧的棕色羊毛地毯a beautiful little white wooden bridge一座漂亮的小白木桥二、置于名词后,称之为后置定语表语形容词afraid , alone,
13、asleep做后置定语The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上会醒来。The rent alone is one thousand yuan.单房租就1000元。 形容词在修饰something, someone等复合不定代词时需后置something important一些重要的事nothing serious没有什么要紧的事成对的形容词可以后置There was a large house, simple and beautiful.有一个大房子,简单又好看。形容词的后面有介词短语或不定式短语时后置He wrote
14、 some books interesting and easy to read.他写了一些有趣且易读的书。当。Id, long , high , wide等词前附有数量词的短语作定语时,需要后置 a girl six years old 一个六岁的女孩 a snake a meter long一米长的蛇 形容词enough可置于名词的前面或后面,但做副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能后置 I have enough money to buy a house.我有足够的钱买一个房子。He is brave enough to say no.他非常勇敢地说“不You can,t be careful
15、enough while crossing the road.过马路时再小心也不为过。五、形容词的知识拓展与难点一、一些形容词如 necessary , unnecessary , important , unimportant, probable, improbable, convenient等作表语时,主语一般不能为人,通常用it做形式主语,而将真正的 主语后置。It can be more convenient to have information delivered to you.将信息传递给您可能更方便。The doctor says it may be necessary for
16、 me to have an operation.医生说我可能需要做手术。二、表语形容词表语形容词常跟在系动词后面,偶尔跟在名词后面做后置定语。如:afraid害怕的,alike相像的,alive活着的,alone单独的,awake醒着的,aware知 道的,worth值得的,unable不可能的。The twins are alike.这对双胞胎很相像.(alike做表语)Jonny was the only boy awake at that time, (awake 后置放在 boy 后面作定语)Jonny是那时唯一醒着的男孩。三、以a开头的表语形容词,通常不能直接用very修饰。非常孤
17、单 very much alone非常相似 much alike十分清醒的wide awake四、the+形容词:表示一类人或事物,做主语一般指一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;指一 类事物时谓语动词用单数形式。the young年轻人 the old 老人the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the blind 盲人 the right正确的事the unknown未知的事The rich are for the plan while the poor are against it.富人赞成这个计划,而穷人反对它。The unknown is ful1 of mysteries.未知的事
18、情充满了神秘。五、有少数几个双音节词以er及le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。commoncommoner/ more common commonest / most commonclevercleverer/ more clevercleverest / most cleversimplesimpler/ more simplesimplest / most simple六、“劣等”比较,是在形容词原级之前加less, least而构成比较级与最高级。 kind, less kind, least kind useful, less useful, least useful 七、一些复合形容词的比较等级。well-known, better- known best- known 八、以下形容词构成的短语还有比较意味: be superior to 优于类似于 be better thanThis garden is superior to that one. 这个花园比那个花园好。be inferior to 比差,类似于 be worse thanThis photo is inferior to that one. 这张照片比那张差。