《语法基本知识之词法和句法学案2022-2023学年初高中英语衔接课程.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法基本知识之词法和句法学案2022-2023学年初高中英语衔接课程.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、article (art.)numeral (num.)noun (n.) pronoun (pron.) verb (v.) adjective (adj.) adverb (adv.) preposition (prep.) conjunction (conj.)countable noun ( cn.) uncountable noun (un.)语法基本知识-词法I.英语中常见的词性有哪些?冠词数词名词代词动词形容词副词介词连词名词又分为：可数名词不可数名词以下划线动词有什么不同？He is writing a letter.The tower was designed by Gilb
2、ert Scott.My watch stopped.He is lookingat me.He is listening to the music.请比较以下相同动词在不同语境中的用法:We are playing basketball.Children are playing and chasing each other.Tom left last week.Never left children playing near water unattended.小结：动词分为及物动词transitive verb (vt.)和不及物动词intransitive verb (vi.)，及物动词后
3、面必须加宾语,不及物动词不能接宾语,如需加宾语，宾语前需加介 可。及物动词直被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。练习：请说出以下词的词性：deskhewaterthatsafeonefirstheregreathardeatarrivehaveandbutteaII.构词法：1 .英语构词法主要有三种：派生，转化，合成。派生(derivation)一 通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词。Eg. happy- unhappy- happiness转化(conversion)-由一个词类变为另一个词类。Eg. water n. - water v.合成(compounding)-由两个或更多的词构成一个词
4、。Eg. wood+ cut= woodcut 木亥ljHappy+ go +lucky = happy- go - lucky 无忧无虑2 .派生：an, a, theinprefer- preference guide - guidance assist assistance后缀：1)转换为名词exist- existenceappear- appearanceenter entrancerefer- reference perform- performance insure insuranceintroduce introduction小结 1： - ence, -ance produc
5、e- production reduce reductionconsume - consumption destroy - destruction receive - reception intend - intention reserve - reservation conserve conservation assume - assumption describe - description solve - solution define - definition preserve - preservationobserve -observationstarve - starvation辨
6、析：reserve, preserve, conserveReserve: (to arrange for a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc to be kept for you touse at a particular time in the future)Id like to reserve a table for two.Do you have to reserve tickets for advance?Preserve, conserve (to protect sth. and prevent it from changing o
7、r being damaged)We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve/conserve our existingwoodlands.Organize - organizationRealize - realizationExamine - examinationImagine - imaginationInvite - invitationForm - formationTransport - transportationPrepare - preparationOccupy - occupationApply - a
8、pplicationExtend - extensionAdmit - admissionExplode - explosionDecide - decision小结 2： - tion, -sionAssess - assessment小结 3： - meritCrazy - crazinessHappy ihappiness小结 4： -nessIII-illnesshappy-happinesscivilize - civilizationdetermine - determinationinform - informationexplore - explorationsatisfy -
9、 satisfactionrecommend - recommendationexpand - expansionpermit - permissionconclude - conclusiondivide - divisionbase - basementlazy - lazinesslonely - loneliness语法基本知识-一句法I.句子成分：主语subject谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语补语同位语predicate object predicative attribute adverbial complementappositiveWe Chinese people are b
10、rave and hardworking.We, young people, should do our duties.Li Ming, my friend, works in a factory.II.句子的分类：（按结构）1. We love our motherland. 简单句（只有一个主谓结构）2. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings,并歹U句3. Come again when you are free. 复合句小结：按照结构，句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。IIL简单句五种基本句式：1.1 slept.You got up.2. All sa
11、w me.I like to play football.He likes reading.3.1 am happy.We got excited.主+谓（vi.）主+谓（vt.） +宾主+系+表4. She lent me some money.She whispered me your stories.主+谓+双宾语That lady teaches you English.5. She asked me to help her.I saw you smiling.I had my shoes cleaned.主+谓+宾+宾补问题1:常见的系动词有哪些？1)表状态:be, remain,
12、keep, appear, seem, lie, stand , look, sound, smell, taste, feel .2) 表变化:become, get, grow, turn, fall, go .1 .他看起来很疲惫。2 .他说的话听起来很有道理。3 .这面包闻起来很糟糕。4 .这汤很好喝。5 .这丝绸摸起来很柔软。6 .在秋天，熊吃了又吃，长的胖极了。7 .请保持安静。8 .天越来越暖和了。9 .我母亲越来越老了10 .秋天树叶变黄了。11 .他仍然保持沉默。12 .鱼在热天不久就变坏了。13 .我会一直陪着她，直到她睡着。I will stay with her unt
13、il she falls asleep.14 .厨房门开着，于是她走了进去。The kitchen door stood open, so she went in.The house stood empty.15 .塔斯曼海(The Tasman Sea)位于塔斯马尼亚(Tasmania)和澳大利亚之间。The Tasman Sea lies between Tasmania and Australia.问题2：常见的接双宾语的动词有哪些？give , bring, tell, send, pass, show, teach, buy, hand 等16 .他给我带来了一本字典。17 请让我看
14、看你的护照。18 请把那支笔递给我。19 妈妈给我讲了个故事。20 许老师教我们英语。IV.请分析以下句子的结构:1. She is a nice lady.I couldnt find a better sitting room.I have got the way to solve the problem.I watched a movie called The Great GatsbyI finally found the man who had helped me before.小结1:定语修饰名词和代词，一般由形容词，分词，不定式或从句充当。当 定语较短时，在所修饰词前，当定语较长时
15、，在所修饰词后。2.1 get up at six.I did my work at home.She feels very happy.He was surprised at the news. If you come early, you will meet her.You are listening to me very carefully.I get up when the bell rings. I got up early so that I could catch the bus.to catch the bus.He can hardly understand it. He r
16、an into the room crying.He cell phone was stolen, causing her information to be leaked.小结2：状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，分词或从句来充当，表示时间、 地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、程度、伴随、结果等。修饰动词，形容词、副 词或全句。I found it a boring film.They found her happy yesterday.I saw the elevator up and down.Its very cold here, wed better keep the windows closed.We found everything in the lab in good order.I saw him standing at the door.He wants to make himself noticed.The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking.小结3：宾语补足语一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式充当。 宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系。