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1、中 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 解 题 技 巧 与 典 例 练 习 命 题 规 律 语 篇 题 材 以 说 明 文 为 主，记 叙 文，应 用 文 为 辅 主 题 语 境 新 课 程 标 准：人 与 自 我，人 与 社 会，人 与 自 然 核 心 素 养 语 言 能 力，文 化 意 识，思 维 品 质，学 习 能 力 设 题 特 点 细 节 理 解，推 理 判 断，主 旨 大 意 和 词 义 猜 测 解 题 方 法 在 充 分 理 解 文 章 主 题 语 境 和 语 篇 大 意 基 础 上，根 据 题 干 在 原 文 中 找 到 正 确 选 项 的 依 据。备 考 建 议 培 养 阅 读 速
2、度 和 理 解 精 准 度 三 条 命 题 规 律 1,出 题 顺 序 性 2,考 点 分 布 均 匀 3,答 案 个 数 基 本 均 等 备 注：常 见 体 裁 分 析（-）记 叙 文 情 节 性 1,特 点：故 事 性，情 节 性，理 解 较 容 易。2,明 确 六 个 要 素：时 间，地 点，人 物，故 事 的 发 生 发 展 和 结 局。3,核 心：故 事 的 展 开。4,做 题：明 确 事 件 内 容，理 清 故 事 发 展 线 索。（-）说 明 文 条 理 性 了 解 主 题 明 确 条 理 是 关 键。认 知 过 程 从 段 落，分 层 次，分 要 点 等 逐 步 展 开。（三）
3、议 论 文-逻 辑 性 1,了 解 观 点，论 点 2,了 解 论 据，道 理 3,阐 述 观 点（正 反 双 方 或 自 圆 其 说）第 一 讲：细 节 题 一 定 位 信 息、对 比 命 题 解 读：1,要 求 考 生 阅 读 文 章，获 得 某 些 特 定 信 息 或 寻 找 所 需 细 节 2,细 节 题 有 时 比 较 直 接，理 解 字 面 意 思 即 可 答 题，有 时 较 为 间 接，需 要 归 纳，对 比，概 括 和 简 单 推 理 才 能 答 题。常 见 命 题 方 式：1,特 殊 疑 问 句 形 式：以 where,when,why,what.等 疑 问 词 开 头 引
4、出 问 题。2,填 空 题 形 式，通 常 涉 及 与 主 题 有 关 的 事 实 或 细 节。3,就 文 章 中 的 数 字，排 序，正 误 等 进 行 提 问。细 节 题 解 题 步 骤：1,先 读 题 干，明 白 问 题 是 什 么；抓 住 关 键 词（大 写，人 名，地 名，数 字，特 殊 修 饰 词，从 句 等）2,带 着 问 题 和 关 键 词 快 速 阅 读 文 章，找 出 关 键 词/与 关 键 词 相 关 的 词 语 或 句 子/根 据 出 题 顺 序 定 位。3,仔 细 对 比 选 项 和 原 文 信 息，找 出 正 确 答 案。4,注 意 出 题 陷 阱 细 节 题 正
5、确 选 项 特 征：1,同 义 替 换-对 原 文 中 的 关 键 词 进 行 同 义 替 换。2,信 息 归 纳-用 精 炼 的 语 言 来 概 括 文 章 中 比 较 分 散 的 或 复 杂 的 信 息。3,正 话 反 说-把 原 文 中 的 意 思 反 过 来 表 达 4,原 文 原 词 干 扰 选 项 特 征：1,张 冠 李 戴-是 原 文 信 息，但 不 是 题 目 要 求 内 容 2,无 中 生 有-符 合 常 识，但 不 是 文 章 内 容 或 文 章 未 提 及 3,曲 解 文 意-与 原 文 内 容 相 似，只 是 在 某 个 细 节 处 有 变 动 4,颠 倒 是 非-在
6、意 思 上 与 文 章 完 全 相 反 5,正 误 参 半-部 分 正 确，部 分 错 误 典 例 分 析：2019A 旧 E M S x+7-口-X：G 玲 O 合 httpsV/表 Fun Activities for Teens to Do in the SummerFun activities for Teens to do in the summer.Do you feel bored with the upcoming summer?We asked parents for ideas for things that teens can do and here aresome su
7、ggestions for fun activities for you to do in the summer.#1Visit older family members and interview them about the past of your family.You could use a smartphone to recordsome of the conversation.Things to ask about:What did you eat?Who was your favorite family member?What did you do to make yoursel
8、f happy?What was it like when you were a teenager?#2_砧 Not only will you make your parents really happy,but you will find all those lost CDs/books/socks that are hiddenunder the bed.You can now have a yard sale for the things you no longer want,and make yourself some pocket money at the sametime.#3_
9、Put together a memory book.It could be about primary or junior school since youre heading to high school:friends made best memories favorite teachers favorite subjects hopes/feelings about going to high school etc.Get down and work on the farm and have a bit of fun.You never know you might love driv
10、ing tractors and feedingcows and horses.If nothing else,it will give you a good taste of what a hard life farming is.Word Bankt e e n青 忏 memory 记 忆 tractor拖 拉 机 26.Which may not be a good question for the interview in#1?A.What did you do for fun?B.How did you go to school?C.What were your parents li
11、ke?D.Whats the plan fbr your future?27.Which is suggested in#2?A.Throwing away what youve found.B.Selling something that is not needed.C.Asking your parents for pocket money.D.Using CDs that youve found as presents.28.What is the proper title for#1,#2,#3 and#4 separately?a.Clear out Your Room b.Crea
12、te a Memory Bookc.Help on a Nearby Farm d.Discover Family HistoryA.a_d_b_c B.d-a-b-c C.d-b-a-c D.c a b d29.What can working on a farm bring to you?A.Your love fbr country music.B.The interest in your future job.C.The experience of farm work.D.The fun of sharing with friends.30.Who is the text writte
13、n for?A.Teens.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Farmers.第 二 讲：推 理 判 断 题 命 题 解 读：1,在 理 解 原 文 字 面 意 义 的 基 础 上，通 过 对 语 篇 逻 辑 关 系 的 分 析 和 细 节 的 暗 示，做 出 判 断 推 理，从 而 得 出 文 章 的 深 层 意 义 及 隐 含 意 义 的 过 程。2,推 理 判 断 所 涉 及 的 内 容 可 能 是 文 章 中 的 某 一 句 或 某 几 句 话，要 求 考 生 在 遵 循 原 文 意 义 的 基 础 上，对 文 章 字 面 信 息 进 行 分 析，挖 掘，逻 辑 推 理，揭
14、 示 其 深 层 含 义。常 见 命 题 方 式：1,we can infer from the(first./last)paragraph t h a t.2,The passage/author implies/suggests that.3,It can be concluded from the passage that.4,Where does this passage probably come from?5,Whafs the authors attitude towards.?6,The main purpose of the passage is.考 查 角 度：1,高 频
15、考 点：推 断 隐 含 意 义，写 作 意 图，观 点 态 度。2,低 频 考 点：推 断 下 文 内 容，文 章 出 处，读 者 对 象。推 断 题 解 题 思 路：1,通 过 题 干 关 键 词 定 位 原 文，字 斟 句 酌 分 析 隐 含 推 断 题(一 步 推 断)2,依 照 首 段，尾 段 判 断 文 体 特 征 及 文 章 来 源 3,利 用 褒 贬 词 汇，判 断 观 点 态 度 4,围 绕 主 题，判 断 写 作 意 图 推 断 题 正 确 选 项 特 征：1,立 足 原 文，只 推 一 步 2,选 项 中 一 般 没 有 绝 对 概 念，如 only,never,all,a
16、bsolutely等；正 确 答 案 的 表 述 一 般 比 较 模 糊，一 般 有 often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can 等。推 断 题 干 扰 选 项 特 征：1,曲 解 文 意 2,张 冠 李 戴 3,偷 梁 换 柱 4,无 中 生 有 5,鱼 目 混 珠 6,扩 缩 范 围 7,主 观 推 断 常 见 表 达 态 度 观 点 的 词 汇:支 持 positive积 极 乐 观 的；optimistic乐 观 的；supportive支 持 的;hopeful有 希 望 的；promising有 前 途 的;enthusiastic 热 情
17、 的，approving 支 持 的，赞 同 的；favorable反 对 Negative否 定 的，消 极 的；disapproving不 赞 成 的；critical批 评 的；indifferent不 关 心 的，不 感 兴 趣 的；怀 疑 Suspicious 怀 疑 的；doubtful 可 疑 的 中 立 Objective客 观 的;n eu tral中 立 的 三 步 确 定 文 章 读 者 对 象：1,确 定 文 章 主 题 2,判 断 文 章 内 容 和 语 言 适 合 什 么 群 体 3,根 据 文 章 特 点 或 关 键 词 对 号 入 座 根 据 文 章 内 容 判
18、 断 8 类 文 体，判 断 文 章 出 处 1 所 读 文 章 有 很 强 时 效 性-newspaper/report2 新 产 品/影 片/演 出 介 绍-advertisement3 文 章 有 网 址 或 网 络 用 语 如 click-website4 旅 游 景 点 介 绍-travel guide5 时 尚/名 人/娱 乐 方 面 介 绍-magazine典 例 分 析 6 科 普 知 识/研 究 介 绍-science/study report7 活 动 介 绍 notice/announcement8 文 化 教 育 性 文 章-education sectionClara
19、 Daly was sitting on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when she heard a worried voiceover the loudspeaker:Does anyone on board know American Sign Language?,Clara,15 at the time,pressed the call button.An air hostess came by and explained the situation.t6We have apassenger on the p
20、lane whos blind and deaf,“she said.The passenger seemed to want something,but he was travelingalone and the air hostesses couldnt understand what he needed.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help blind and deaf people and she knew shed be able to fingerspell into the mans palm.So she r
21、ose from her seat,walked toward the front of the plane,and knelt by the seat of TimCook,then 64.Gently taking his hand,she signed,4 4How are you?Are you OK?”Cook asked for some water.When it arrived,Clara returned to her seat.She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time.Onher thi
22、rd visit,she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didnt need anything.He was lonely and wanted to talk,“Clara said.So for the next hour,she talked about her family and her plans for the future.Cook told Clara how he had becomeblind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman.Even
23、though he couldnt see her,she“lookedattentively at his face with such kindness,a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing,“an air hostess told Alaska Airlines in an interview.You could tell Cook was very excited tohave someone he could speak to,and she was such an angel.”Cooks reply:Best trip Tve ever
24、had.”35.Which of the following words best describe Clara Daly?A.Brave and clever.B.Beautiful and lovely.C.Patient and caring.D.Outgoing and friendly.Thousands of years ago,Britain was covered by thick forests,home to many animals which no longer live in theUnited Kingdom.There were wolves and bears,
25、many different kinds of deer and large wild cows.There were less than fourmillion people.They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.All this has changed,of course.Now the population of the United Kingdom has increased to sixty-five million.Three-quarters of Brita
26、in is covered with fields,towns or cities.Although 25 percent of land is countryside,new methods offarming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before.The United Kingdom is one ofthe few countries in the world that does not have a large wild animal that eats m
27、eat.In Scotland there are only 400 wildcats,but these are much smaller than wolves.Some people would like to change things,however!Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to becomemore natural again.They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK before towns and cities were bui
28、lt should beallowed to grow again.They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return andlive wild.They call this rewilding”.Not everyone agrees.In the last twenty years,over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been plantedand there are
29、plans for more-but wild animals?Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans.They arealso angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy.So far there are no wolvesor bears in Britain forests but soon there might be!38.Which paragraph gives opi
30、nions from“rewilding“supporters?A.Paragraph 1.B.Paragraph 2.C.Paragraph 3.D.Paragraph 4.39.What are some people against?A.Living closer to nature.B.Planting more and more trees.C.Helping large wild animals return.D.Building more villages and towns.第 三 讲：词 句 猜 测 题-上 下 文 中 求 答 案 词 义 猜 测 命 题 方 式 The un
31、derlined word in the passage m e a n s.What does in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase most nearly m e a n s.The word/phrase could best be replaced b y.The word/phrase in Line.,Para.refers t o.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence“？Whafs the meaning o f
32、i n Line Para.?The underlined sentence in the first/second.paragraph probably means t h a t.词 义 猜 测 考 查 角 度 1,猜 测 生 词 或 熟 词 生 义 2,猜 测 短 语 意 义 3,猜 测 代 词 指 代 4,猜 测 句 意 词 义 猜 测 技 巧 1,利 用 构 词 法 2,利 用 上 下 文 3,利 用 逻 辑 关 系（反 义，同 义，因 果，同 位 语）4,就 近 原 则 找 指 代 5,代 入 验 证 典 例 分 析 Not only kids of Tiger Moms go t
33、o Harvard.Dawn Loggins of Lawndale,N.C.is on her way to Harvard,one of the eight world-famous universities in the easternUS.Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes.This girl created her own future.The teen was abandoned by her family last summer,when her parents and two sister
34、s moved to Tennessee.She foundherself homeless and had to spend the night on friends sofas.The school bus driver learned about Dawns situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family.Soon,Dawn had a jobat Burns High School.She worked from 6a.m.to 7：40a.m.before the first school bell rang,she swe
35、pt floors and pickedup trash again in the afternoons,before diving（跳 水）into her studies in the evenings.Dawns hard work paid off.she finished school with a 3.9GPA and scored 2,1 lOon the SAT.There were times when I felt like it would be easiest if I gave up,“the 18-year-old said.But it was never in
36、me to giveup,because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education.”Even before Dawns family left her,she led a difficult life.Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the onlyfood.DawnMstudied by candlelightnbecause her parents couldnt afford to pay the elec
37、tricity bill（电 费）.Dawn has now reconnected with her family.They are proud of her accomplishments（成 就）and are attending her highschool graduation.53.What does the underlined wordMabandonednmean in Chinese?A.宠 爱 B.抛 弃 C.鼓 励 D.虐 待 Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place?Lots of people do.And
38、now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why.They found thatone-half of the brain“remains more awake”than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology by Brown University.In their report,the researchers
39、 said manypeople report they have a harder lime sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home.They call itfirst-night influence.“In Japan they say,4If you change your bed,you cant sleep,aid Yuka Sasaki,one of the reportswriters.tYou dont sleep very well in a new place.We all
40、 know about it.”The researchers measured brain waves（测 量 脑 波）for 35volunteers over two nights in a laboratory.The two nights werea week apart（间 隔）.They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half.This wasduring the first deep sleep period,the researche
41、rs said.Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long.So,they dont know if the left half keeps“watch”allnight,or whether it“works in shifts(轮 换)with the right half later in the night”.They also do not know why the brainactivity,at least during th
42、e first period of deep sleep,is always on the left half.For some,this research may be calming.It is good to know that our brain is looking out for us“in a new place.But itmay not help with sleep.That brain activity,at least according to this new research,makes it harder to get the sleep peopleneed t
43、o wake up well rested in the morning.根 据 材 料 内 容 选 择 最 佳 答 案。54.The underlined wordcalminghas the closest meaning to”A.pleasing B.different C.serious D.strange第 四 讲：主 旨 大 意 题 命 题 方 式：中 心 思 想 类：考 查 文 章 或 段 落 的 主 旨 大 意；The main point/idea of the passage is.The passage is mainly about.The passage mainl
44、y discusses.The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with.?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?标 题 类：考 查 文 章 或 段 落 的 标 题；Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be.主 旨 大 意 解 题 思 路：1,找 出 文 章 或 段 落 主
45、题 句，根 据 主 题 句 确 定 文 章 或 段 落 大 意 2,寻 找 全 文 重 复 性 强 的 关 键 词 3,逆 向 思 维，从 选 项 出 发 主 旨 大 意 正 确 选 项 特 征：1,涵 盖 性 强，覆 盖 全 文 或 全 段 2,范 围 恰 当，不 太 大 也 不 太 小 3,不 改 变 原 文 感 情 色 彩 注 意：1,转 折 词(but,however,in fact,actually),其 后 的 内 容 往 往 是 作 者 真 正 想 表 达 的 观 点 2,总 结 词(therefore,thus,in short,conclude),其 后 的 内 容 往 往
46、是 主 题 句 3,疑 问 句，对 问 题 的 回 答 可 能 是 主 题 句 干 扰 选 项 特 点：1,过 于 笼 统 2,以 偏 概 全 3,偷 换 概 念 4,无 中 生 有 典 例 分 析 There is little doubt that house cat first developed naturally from ancient wild cats.The cleverest relative is the Americawild cat which still lives in Africa today.This is understandable because the
47、 first house cats came from Africa.Cats first started to live around people in Egypt about 6,000-7,000 years ago.From Egypt,cats started to movearound the world.This is about the same time that Egyptians began storing grain（谷 物）in buildings.Scientists used tobelieve that people tamed cats to catch m
48、ice and protect the grain.However,cats dont like to be told what to do!Now,scientists believed that cats followed the mice and learned to accept people.Finally,some of the cats began to growcomfortable around people,these were smaller cats that needed protection.As these cats and people got used to
49、each other,then they moved in together.Around 5,000 years ago,cats started to live with people.Soon cats were in Greece,then the Middle East and China.They moved along Egyptian business roads keepingaway mice and keeping people around them.After the Romans came to Egypt,they also accepted the cats a
50、nd brought themto Europe.These cat likely bred（繁 殖）with other cats to form the many kinds of house cats we have today.Cats are relatively recent house animals.House cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives.Cats sleepa lot to save energy just like wild cats.They will often get food a