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1、2023年北京市朝阳区高考英语一模试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共14小题，共28.0分)A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂里7 OThe Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC)Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the Presidentof the Council.lt has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the Uni
2、ted Nations(UN).This years Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April,2023.ObjectivesThe Forum aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States,policymakers and other actors to voice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the Sust
3、ainable Development Goals(SDGs).Participants will also have theopportunity to contribute to the preparatory process of the SDG Summit.The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the ful1 implementation(实施)of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.lt w
4、ill also review progress in the areas of affordable and clean energy,and sustainable cities and communities,ete.FormatThe three-day event will feature plenary(全体出席的)sessions and regionally based discussions,with the last day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summil.Talented youth speakers
5、 will deliver short presentations in between sessions.Participation in the Forum is by invitation only.The youth participants are selected by National Youth Councils,regional youth organizations,etc.The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participat
6、ion.Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.The voices from last years participants2022 Forum Participants Takeaway!The Youth Forum gave me the opportunityto discover the skills required to masterpublic speaking.The time management ischallenging but we finished all tasks eve
7、nwith a tight schedule.n2022 Forum Participants1 Advice!Using sources the team provides willincrease the efficiency and effectivenessof completing tasks.I also strongly advisethem to be open to hearing everyonesdifferent opinions from an objective pointof view.n1.The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 will.A.d
8、iscuss the global recovery issueB.select the youth leaders for the UNC.set goals for sustainable developmentD.gather young people to build a platform2.According to the passage,the young participants canA.register to join in the Forum personallyB.give brief speeches in plenary sessionsC.take part in
9、the event online and offlineD.attend the SDG Summit after the Forum3.What is the advice from2022 participants?_A.To be willing to consider various voices.B.To make time arrangements a top priority.C.To master public speaking skills in advance.D.To be efficient with the help of policymakers.I was fou
10、r when Dad first showed me how to skim stones,a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface.Ed passhours on beaches with my brother,picking up muddy stones and skimming them.It was satisfying making them dance on the surface.That perfect skim,where t
11、he stone glided（滑行），brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.I was a competitive child and good at throwing.I enjoyed javelin（标枪）and was on a baseball team,but skimming stones was just for fun.In adulthood,things changed.In August 2017,an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Cha
12、mpionships drew my attention.!signedup and paid 2 for three stones.I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again,buying more stones to feed my desire,finally reaching 37 metres,which won me third place.I drove home excitedly,and 20 lighter.I returned to the 2018 championship,hoping for a champion.Wa
13、lking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers,I threw a decent 44 metres and won.I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with World written across it.Wheres that?“I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland.It was a month away and a six-hou
14、r drived thought about the cost and distance for weeks until,the day before the contest,the feeling of winning made a decision for me.Im going.*1 arrived at a hotel at 10 pm,but couldnt sleep for nerves and excitement.Early the next morning,I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun wai
15、ting.Ropes and buoys（浮标）marked a 63-metre couarse.I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win.When my namewas called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon,I was oveijoyed.I was the womens world champion.Fm a big believer in giving things a go.Fm 42,and to become a world champion at t
16、his stage is pretty left-field.lt showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day,and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasnt wasted.4.What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?_A.The competitiveness of the sport.B.The outstanding ability at throw
17、ing.C.The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.D.The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.5.What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?_A.Her discipline.B.Her desire to win.C.Her confidence.D.Her efforts on training.6.What can we conclude from the passage?_A.T
18、ake it easy in face of challenges.B.Change the world by being yourself.C.A bigger stage is ready for those who try.D.Either I will find a way,or I will make one.cClown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones,the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to hou
19、se clown fish.Between birth and adulthood,however,the fish have to complete a treacherous journey.After hatching,they swim out to the open sea to finish developing.After maturing,the young fish swim back,during which they have to avoid a*wall of mouths by sensing the unfriendly smells.With ocean aci
20、dification,a trend that is occumng worldwide,scientists began to wonder what might happen to fishs sense of smell.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab.When we introduced a friendly fish odor（气味）,they did not react.But when we introduced an enemy odor,they swam away.We then repeated
21、 the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in themore acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue.When we introducedfriendly and unfriendly smells at the same time,the fish seemed unable to make up their minds,spending equal time swimming toward
22、one smell and the other.They could sense chemical signals but couldnt recognize the meaning of them.It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild.So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reefs northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfis
23、h wouldreact to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water.In a tank,about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor andhalf were not,yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor.We then let themark
24、ed damselfish loose in the lake.The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away fromtheir protective home.Can fish adapt?Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time.The animals are not given a realistic oppor
25、tunity to adapt.Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification,in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability toregulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water.But maintaining normal functions
26、such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum,confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising water temperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely,entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down.Although
27、 the science is still new,the results appear to be lining up：ocean acidification is messing with fishs minds.7.What does the underlined word ntreacherous in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A.Risky.B.Hurried.C.Mysterious.D.Helpless.8.What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?_A.They lost their
28、senses to chemical signals.B.They were less likely to respond to threats.C.Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D.They tended to seek the protection from their home.9.What can be inferred from the passage?_A.The authors study confirms previous findings.B.Fishs adaptation to acidic water
29、 is a matter of time.C.Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D.The chances of restoring fishs minds are yet to be seen.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?_A.What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B.What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatu
30、res?C.How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D.How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?DA snake-robot designer,a technologist,an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean?Like a
31、think-tank panel,members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem,such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X,the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year,in areas ranging from clean energy to
32、 artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become Mprojects with far-reaching creativity,these projects exist,ultimately,to change the world,like Way mo,the biggest self-driving-car company.In the past 60 years,something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thri
33、ved（蓬勃发展）,the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor,but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s.John Fernald,an economist,points out that the notable exception to the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when
34、businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology.John Fernald says,Its possible that productivity took off,because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave.*Actually,the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But wher
35、e will the next technology shock come from?Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs,while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfull
36、y under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation,invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is wha
37、t gave us the computer and the Internet.Today,we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research,while complaining about the harvest.Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and c
38、urious scientists,not the rush to market,says Jon Gertner,the author of The Idea Factory.Technology is a tall tree,“John Fernald said.But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills,often mastered by different organizations and separated by man
39、y years.As for me,both of them are essential for technology,although they are relatively independent.!dont think X is a planter or a harvester,actually.lt is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what,if anything,the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.Bu
40、t theyre reaching.At least someone is.11.What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?_A.To present the process of group discussion.B.To illustrate Xs worry about big problems.C.To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D.To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.12.What can we learn fr
41、om the passage?_A.Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C.Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D.The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.13.Regarding John Fernalds view on technology,the author is _.A.
42、supportive B.cautious C.uncertain D.critical14.What can be inferred about X from the passage?_A.It will focus on innovation.B.It will have its outcome soon.C.It may give in to its fruitless reality.D.It may bring an encouraging outlook.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10 0分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
43、黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Once upon a time,we were all question-asking experts.We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids.By preschool,our inquiries even reached the depths of science,philosophy,and the social order.Where does the sun go at night?Why doesnt that man have a home like we do?Why do r
44、ocks sink but ice floats?(1)_Why does the childs urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults?An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age.Schools transformfrom a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them.(2)_ And we recogni
45、ze that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.(3)_ We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue theircuriosity,too.In that encouragement,we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.When it comes to how we p
46、hrase questions,we are advised to open with less sensitive questions,favor follow-up questions,and keep questions open-ended.We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping arunning list of questions in a journal.(4)_ Finally,we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like
47、 nHow would you accomplish a weeks work in two hours?This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone.In the world that does not look much as it did years ago,we must ask questions.(5)_ Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw peopl
48、e in,opening them up to sharing knowledge,ideas,and opinions.And they are also our primary means of learning about the world.In short,asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life.As anychild could probably tell us if we asked.A.Then,at some point
49、,our inquiring desires disappear.B.It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.C.The questions we ask depend on our attitudes as well as the situations.D.But as we grow up,asking questions fills us with worry and self-doubt.E.As such,one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change
50、the atmosphere.F.We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know,not what we dont.G.It not only removes the publicity from question asking,but offers us a place to experiment.15.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE