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1、国内图书分类号：H314国际图书分类号：802.0文学硕士学位论文中英情景喜剧中幽默策略的对比研究-以老友记和爱情公寓为例硕 士 研 究 生 ： 徐净玉导师 ： 王景惠教授申请 学位： 文学硕士学 科 、 专 业 ： 外国语言学及应用语言学所 在 单 位 ： 外国语学院答 辩 日 期 ： 2012 年 7 月 5 日授予学位单位： 哈尔滨工业大学Classified Index: H314U.D.C.: 802.0Graduation Thesis for the M. A. DegreeA Comparative Study of Humor Strategiesin Chinese and
2、 English Sitcoms-A Case Study of Ipartment and FriendsCandidate: XU JingyuSupervisor: Prof. WANG JinghuiAcademic Degree Applied for: Master of ArtsSpecialty: Foreign Linguistics and Applied LinguisticsAffiliation: School of Foreign LanguagesDate of Oral Examination: July 1, 2012Degree Conferring Ins
3、titution : Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文摘要情景喜剧中的幽默策略是近年来语言学领域的研究热点。西方幽默研究主要关注三大传统幽默理论，语义脚本理论和言语幽默的一般理论。中国学者则大多从语用学、认知语言学和修辞学角度，对情景喜剧、相声和脱口秀中的言语幽默进行文本分析。本文采用个案研究的方法，从认知语用学角度对爱情公寓和老友记两部中英情景喜剧中的言语幽默进行对比分析，旨在拓展人们对情景喜剧中的幽默策略及中英
4、情景喜剧中幽默策略异同的认识，从而有助于对幽默作品的欣赏和跨文化交际活动的顺利进行。本项研究从爱情公寓和老友记中各选取两集作为研究对象，对文本中的言语幽默进行标记。然后，结合语境，从合作原则、礼貌原则、关系理论、预设和指示五个方面对文本中标记的幽默进行语篇分析，进而对标记的言语幽默进行了分类。研究发现：1. 两部剧中均使用了如下五种幽默策略-违反合作原则；违反或故意遵守礼貌原则；制造最大关联和最佳关联之间的差异；说话者的预设不合理；在不恰当的语境中使用指示词。2. 无论在汉语还是英语文本中，违反合作原则在上述五种幽默策略中均居主要位置。3. 违反礼貌原则这一策略在所选英文文本中所占比重要比在所
5、选中文文本中所占比重更大。总之，中英情景喜剧中的幽默策略存在多处共同点；同时，也有不同。本文有助于认知语用学理论框架下的幽默研究。关键词：对比研究；中英情景喜剧；幽默策略-i-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文AbstractIn recent years, humor strategies in sitcoms have become a heated topic in theresearch field of linguistics. Humor study in the
6、 west explores three conventionalhumor theories, the semantic-script theory of humor and the general theory ofverbal humor, while Chinese scholars tend to analyze humorous utterances insitcoms, cross talks and talk shows from the perspective of pragmatics, cognitivelinguistics and rhetoric. This stu
7、dy compares humorous utterances in Ipartmentand those in Friends, aiming to explore humor strategies employed in sitcoms andthe similarities and differences of humor strategies used in Chinese and Englishsitcoms via the research method of case study. The study can help people withtheir appreciation
8、of humorous literature, and meanwhile, can bring themenlightenment about how to create and interpret a verbal humor appropriately inintercultural activities.Two episodes are picked out of Ipartment and Friends respectively as theresearch discourses, and then verbal humors in the chosen discourses ar
9、e identifiedand marked. Based on the context, those marked humorous utterances are analyzedin the discourse analysis approach from perspectives of Cooperative Principle,Politeness Principle, Relevance Theory, presupposition and deixis. Thereby themarked verbal humors are categorized.Main findings of
10、 the study are: 1. The two sitcoms both employ the followingfive humor strategies-the speaker flouts the Cooperative Principle; the speakerviolates or abides by the Politeness Principle; there is a gap between the maximalrelevance and the optimal relevance; the speakers presupposition is unreasonabl
11、e;deixis is used in an inappropriate context. 2. In both Chinese and English sitcomsof the case study, the humor strategy of flouting the Cooperative Principle is most-ii-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文commonly used among the above five humor strategies.
12、 3. The humor strategy ofviolating the Politeness Principle is more widely employed in the chosen Englishsitcom than in the chosen Chinese sitcom. In sum, both similarities and differencesare found in humor strategies employed in Chinese and English sitcoms. Thethesis contributes to the humor study
13、within the framework of cognitivepragmatics.Keywords: comparative study; Chinese and English sitcoms; humor strategy-iii-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Contents摘要 . iAbstract .iiChapter1 Introduction. 11.1 Background to the Study. 11.2 Rationale for the
14、Study . 11.3 Research Purpose . 21.4 Research Questions . 21.5 Significance of the Study . 21.6 Outline of the Thesis . 31.7 Key Terms Used in the Study . 3Chapter 2 Literature Review . 52.1 Three Conventional Theories of Humor . 52.1.1 The Superiority Theory. 52.1.2 The Relief Theory . 62.1.3 The I
15、ncongruity Theory . 62.2 Modern Approaches to Humor Study . 72.2.1 Semantics and Humor Study . 72.2.2 Rhetoric and Humor Study . 82.2.3 Pragmatics and Humor Study . 82.2.4 Cognitive Linguistics and Humor Study . 92.2.5 Sociolinguistics and Humor Study . 92.3 Recent Research Achievements of Humor Stu
16、dy . 92.3.1 Studies Abroad. 102.3.2 Studies in China. 112.4 Theoretical Foundation of the Study. 122.4.1 The Cooperative Principle . 122.4.2 The Politeness Principle . 142.4.3The Relevance Theory . 152.4.4 Presupposition . 172.4.5 Deixis. 18Chapter 3 Research Methodology . 203.1 Research Design . 20
17、3.2 Case Study . 203.3 Criteria to Identify Verbal Humor . 223.4 Procedures of Data Collection . 233.5 Data Analysis . 24-iv-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Chapter 4 Findings and Discussion . 264.1 Verbal Humors Created Irrespective of Cooperative Princi
18、ple . 264.1.1Violating the Maxim of Quality. 274.1.2 Flouting the Maxim of Quantity . 334.1.3 Disobeying the Maxim of Relation . 364.1.4 Breaking the Maxim of Manner . 394.2 Verbal Humors Produced via Politeness Principle . 444.2.1 Flouting the Tact Maxim . 454.2.2 Violating the Generosity Maxim . 4
19、64.2.3Breaking the Approbation Maxim . 464.2.4 Disobeying the Modesty Maxim . 484.2.5Running against the Agreement Maxim . 494.2.6 Offending the Sympathy Maxim . 504.2.7 Abiding by Politeness Principle. 514.3 Verbal Humors Derived from Presupposition . 524.4 Verbal Humors Produced Due to Deixis . 58
20、4.5 Verbal Humors and Relevance Theory . 604.6 A Summary of Similarities and Differences of Humor StrategiesUtilized in Friends and Ipartment . 664.7 Discussion . 684.7.1 The Utilization of Politeness Principle in Chinese andEnglish Sitcoms . 684.7.2 Different Humor Strategies Pertinent to Relevance
21、 Theoryand the Maxim of Relation in Cooperative Principle . 69Chapter 5 Conclusion . 725.1 Main Findings of the Study. 725.2 Limitations of the Study . 745.3 Implications for Future Research . 74References . 76Acknowledgements . 80哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文原创性声明 . 81哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文使用授权书 . 81-v-Harbin Institute of
22、Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Chapter1 Introduction1.1 Background to the StudySitcom is a sort of carrier of humor and it is a tool for people to attainhumorous utterances. However, for most common audiences, it is hard to explainhow those verbal humors in sitcoms are prod
23、uced and sometimes verbal humors ina foreign language are more difficult for them to be interpreted. Until now, thatproblem is still unsolved.Virtually, great efforts have been made to figure out the productionmechanism of humor and humor strategies used in sitcoms. In the history of humorstudy, wes
24、tern scholars lay emphasis on its theoretical development, successivelyputting forward the three conventional humor theories, the Semantic-Script Theoryof Humor and the General Theory of Verbal Humor. Yet Chinese researchers preferto do empirical research. They like to choose texts that are rich in
25、humorousutterances as the investigated subject, such as sitcoms, crosstalk and talk shows.The perspectives of their studies are multifarious, including the western classicalhumor theories, rhetoric, semantics, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. However,in sum, there are hardly precedents of compa
26、ring humor strategies in two Chineseand English sitcoms in both domestic and abroad humor study fields.1.2 Rationale for the StudyThis thesis is written first due to the authors strong curiosity about verbalhumors in sitcoms. She intends to explain how verbal humors in sitcoms aregenerated, with the
27、 help of linguistic theories. Secondly, in previous studies ofverbal humor in sitcoms, there is hardly a comparative study that probes into thesimilarities and differences of humor strategies employed in Chinese and Englishsitcoms. Thirdly, in the past decades, verbal humors in sitcoms are commonly-
28、1-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文investigated from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle, the PolitenessPrinciple and the Relevance Theory. Presupposition and deixis are hardly used inprevious humor studies.1.3 Research PurposeThis study aims to e
29、xplore the similarities and differences of humor strategiesutilized in Chinese and English sitcoms and to extend peoples understanding ofthe production mechanism of verbal humors in sitcoms. The study attempts toachieve the following objectives: 1. to identify verbal humors in the chosen texts;2. to
30、 figure out how each identified verbal humor is produced based on the contextas well as theories in pragmatics and cognitive linguistics; 3. to scrutinize featuresof humor strategies utilized in the chosen Chinese and English discourses.1.4 Research QuestionsTo achieve those objectives, two research
31、 questions are formulated in thestudy: 1. what humor strategies are employed in Chinese and English sitcoms? 2.Are humor strategies utilized in Chinese sitcoms similar to or different from thosein English sitcoms?1.5 Significance of the StudyThe study tries to explain how humorous effect comes out o
32、f each verbalhumor with the help of theories of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics.Conclusions of the study can help the audience with their appreciation ofhumorous literature, and meanwhile, can bring them enlightenment about how tocreate and interpret a verbal humor appropriately in intercultura
33、l activities.Playwrights of sitcoms can learn skills in creating verbal humors from the study.Translators can also benefit from the study, as they will know better how to revealthe humorous effect of a verbal humor accurately in a foreign language whenmastering the humor strategies employed in Chinese and English sitcoms.-2-Harbin Institute of Technology Gradua