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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（下）INTEGRATED COURSE12Sports in Society Unit 2 2 Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project3Task 1TakethequizonPage 32andlearnmoreaboutsports.Starting out Starting out41.InwhatyearwerewomenfirstallowedtocompeteintheOlympicGame
2、s?A.1800.B.1850.C.1900.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:C52.Wherewasthe2006WorldCupheld?A.InGermany.B.InSouthAfrica.C.InFrance.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:A63.WhatarethethreemostpopularsportsintheUnitedStates?A.Football,baseball,andbasketball.B.Football,soccer,andbasketball.
3、C.Football,hockey,andbasketball.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:A7大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流 大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流84.WhatdoesAFCstandfor?Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:AmericanFootballConference95.WhatisthechampionshipgameofprofessionalUSfootball?A.TheSuperBowl.B.TheBigBowl.C.TheGr
4、eatBowl.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:A106.Whatwasthefirstsportseventtobetelecastlive?A.The1972NBAfinals.B.The1936BerlinOlympics.C.The1962WorldCup.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:B117.WhichsportisgovernedbyasetofrulesknownastheQueensberryrules?A.Boxing.B.Cricket.C.Shooting.St
5、arting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:A128.Whichofthefollowingisessentiallyanindoorsport?A.Cricket.B.Gymnastics.C.Golf.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:B139.Inwhichcountrywasgolffirstplayed?A.Scotland.B.France.C.Thailand.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:A1410.Fromwhatwoodarecr
6、icketbatsusuallymade?A.Maple.B.Willow.C.Pine.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:B1511.Whichsportiscalled“thesportofkings”?A.Golf.B.Horseracing.C.Surfing.Starting out Starting out Task 1 Task 1Key:B1612.WhenwasasafetycarfirstusedinFormula1?A.In1993.B.In1985.C.In1973.Starting out Starting out
7、Task 1 Task 1Key:C17Task 2 Look at these newspaper headlines.Discuss in pairs what you would expect to read in the storiesthat accompany them.(P33)Starting out Starting out Task 2 Task 2181.Footballer Faces Suspension After Attack on SpectatorSample:Starting out Starting out Task 2 Task 2EricCantona
8、,theManchesterUnitedstriker,willprobablybesuspendedfortherestoftheseasonafterheattackedaspectatorduringthematchagainstCrystalPalaceatSelhurstParklastnight.TheincidenthappenedmomentsafterCantonahadbeensentoffforkickinganotherplayer,hissixthsend-offin16months.Ashewalkedoffthefield,aspectatorwasseenrun
9、ningdownagangwayfromsome20rowsback,apparentlytoshoutabuseatCantona,whosuddenlyturned,jumpedoverthewallandkickedoutattheman,andthenpunchedhim.192.Olympic Champion Swimmer Apologizes for Marijuana Pipe PhotoSample:TheOlympicswimmingstarMichaelPhelpsquicklyacknowledgedhispoorjudgmentafteraphotographsho
10、winghiminhalingfromamarijuanapipewaspublishedSundayinanEnglishnewspaper.Althoughhisadmissionisunlikelytoaffecthisswimmingeligibility,itcouldaffectthemillionsofdollarshehadsecuredinendorsementdeals.InastatementreleasedSundaybyhismarketingagency,Octagon,Phelps,whowonarecordeightgoldmedalsattheBeijingO
11、lympics,didnotchallengethelegitimacyofthephotographpublishedbythetabloidNews of the World.Starting out Starting out Task 2 Task 2203.“Own Goal”Defender Shot Dead Outside RestaurantSample:Starting out Starting out Task 2 Task 2AColombianfootballerwasshotdeadyesterdaybyangryfanswhoblamedhimfortheirsid
12、esearlyexitfromtheWorldCup.AndresEscobar,adefenderwhoscoredanowngoalduringhissidesdefeatbytheUnitedStatesteam,wasconfrontedbyagroupofmenasheleftarestaurantinMedellin,200kilometersfromBogota.Afteranargumentabouthispoorperformance,theyfired12bullets.OneofthegunmenisreportedtohavesaidtoEscobarbeforethe
13、shooting,“Thankyoufortheowngoal.”214.Wimbledon Pays Equal Prize MoneySample:Starting out Starting out Task 2 Task 2TheWimbledonChampionshipswillofferwomenandmenequalprizemoneyatthisyearstournamentforthefirsttime.TheannouncementbytheAllEnglandClubbringsthetournamentintolinewithotherGrandSlams,followi
14、ngcriticismfromofficialsandplayers.WimbledonjoinstheUnitedStatesandAustraliainpayingequalmoneytowomenandmenacrosstheboard,fromthechampionsdowntothefirst-roundlosersinallevents.TheFrenchOpenoffersthesamecheckonlytothechampions.22Task 3 Look at the following cartoons carefully,and discuss in groups th
15、e message in each cartoon.(P33)Starting out Starting out Task 3 Task 323 Starting out Starting out Task 3 Task 3Sample:Theuseofsportasasettingforadvertisingproductsiscommoninmanycountries.Feesfromcorporatesponsorsareoftenusedtosupportamateurathletes,events,andtheadministrativestructuresofsportsorgan
16、izations.24 Starting out Starting out Task 3 Task 3Sample:Likethegreedygolfer,mostpeopleassumethatthecashrewardsforprofessionalathletesareasourceofmotivation.However,oneofthedangersofcommercialsportsisthattheyfocustoomuchonexternalrewardsratherthantheintrinsicsatisfactionofparticipation.25Starting o
17、ut Starting out Task 3 Task 3Sample:Femaleathleteshavetraditionallybeenexcludedordiscouragedfromparticipatinginmanysports.Statisticsshowthatglobalcollegiateinstitutionsonlyspend24%oftheirathleticoperatingbudgets,16%oftheirrecruitingbudgetsand33%oftheirscholarshipbudgetsonfemaleathletes.Moreover,less
18、than1%ofallcoachesofmensteamsandlessthan46%ofallcoachesofwomensteamsarefemale.Eveniffemaleathleteswinatthegames,theymayreceivelessprizemoneyorscholarshipsandlessmediacoveragethanmaleathletes.26Starting out Starting out Task 3 Task 3Sample:Inheavycontactsports,violentbehaviorandintimidationareoftenle
19、arnedasstrategies.Althoughallplayersdonotfeelcomfortablewiththeamountofviolenceintheirsports,theyhavegenerallycometoacceptit.Eventhosewhodontlikeitmayreluctantlyuseitasawayofimprovingormaintainingtheirpositionsonteamsandtheirpopularitywithspectators.27Big Sports,Big CostWorldsportingeventssuchastheO
20、lympicsandWorldCuprequirebillionsofdollarsofinvestmentandyearsofplanning.Butdotheinvestmentspayoff,helpingthelocalornationaleconomy?Nowwatchthevideoandthenfinishtheblank-fillingexercise.Starting out Starting outClickthepicture28 WorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCupattracthoardsof_,bringin
21、g_,jobs,moneyforbusinessesand _forlocalgovernment.Countriescompetehardtoholdsuchevents.Butanalystssaythatthesesportingeventsarenotusuallylikelytobea _tothehostcountry.FariborzGhadarofPennsylvaniaStateUniversitypointsoutthathostcitiesofasportingeventtendto _thebenefitwhile_boththecostsofactuallyrunni
22、ngtheoperationandthecostsofbuildingthe _fortheevent.GeorgeMasonUniversitysTonySamarasaysthatitisnotoftenclearhowhostcitiescalculaterevenuesfrommajorsportingevents,becausebookkeepingcan_fromonecitytothenext.Ghadaralsonotesthatthecostof_isamajorissuethatcanoffsetfinancialgainsaneventmightbring.spectat
23、ors construction projectstax revenuesnet benefitexaggerateStarting out Starting outunderestimatinginfrastructurevarysecurity29Commercialization and Changes in SportsReading Focus Reading Focus30 Global Understanding2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Reading Focus Reading FocusVo
24、cabulary in Action6Background Information131Aswellasbeingaformofrecreationfortheparticipants,muchsportisplayedinfrontofanaudience.Mostprofessionalsportisplayedina“theater”ofsomekind,beitastadium,arena,golfcourse,racetrack,ortheopenroad,withprovisionforthe(oftenpaying)public.Largetelevisionorradioaud
25、iencesarealsocommonlyattracted,withrivalbroadcastersbiddinglargeamountsofmoneyforthe“rights”toshowcertainfixtures.ThefootballWorldCupattractsaglobaltelevisionaudienceofhundredsofmillions;the2006Finalaloneattractedanestimatedworldwideaudienceofwellover700million.IntheUnitedStates,thechampionshipgameo
26、ftheNFL,theSuperBowl,hasbecomeoneofthemostwatchedtelevisionbroadcastsoftheyear.SuperBowlSundayisadefactonationalholidayinAmerica;theviewershipbeingsogreatthatin2007advertisingspacewasreportedasbeingsoldat$2.6millionfora30-secondslot.Background Information Background Information32Reading Focus Readin
27、g Focus Global Understanding1Introduction2Three factors that influencespectators attachment tosports3Changes in sports associated with commercialization(Para.1)(Para.2)(Paras.3-9)33Introduction Sportshavebecome_.Reading Focus Reading Focus Global UnderstandingcommercializedThree factors that influen
28、ce spectators attachment to sportsSpectatorsareattractedby:A._B.Theriskorfinancialrewardsassociatedwithparticipatinginanevent.C._Theuncertaintyofaneventsoutcome.Theanticipateddisplayofexcellenceorheroicsbytheathletes.34Changes in sports associated with commercializationA.Changesintheformatandgoalsof
29、sports.Sportshave_theirbasicformatandgoals.e.g._B.Changesintheorientationsofpeopleinvolvedinsports.a.Withouttechnicalknowledgeaboutasport,spectatorsareimpressedmoreby_thanbyathleticskillsandstrategiesusedbyplayersandcoaches.e.g._ThebasicstructureofeachOlympicsporthasremainedmuchthesameasitwasbefore.
30、dramaticexpressionReading Focus Reading Focus Global UnderstandingmaintainedThosewholacktechnicalknowledgeabouticeskatingaremoreentertainedbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbysmoothandflawlessroutines.35b.Sportparticipantstendtoemphasize_overaestheticorientations.C.Changesinsportorganizations.Thecontrolo
31、fsportorganizationsshiftsfurtherandfurtherawayfrom_.Theirdecisionsgenerallyreflectthecombinedeconomicinterestsofmanypeople,butathletesarecutoutof_Reading Focus Reading Focus Global Understandingheroicorientationstheplayersdecision-makingprocessesevenwhendecisionsaffecttheirhealthandwell-being36Task
32、2Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.Put“T”beforeatruestatementand“F”beforeafalseone.(P 39)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10T T TF TFT FF TReading Focus Reading Focus Detailed Information37Critical ThinkingReading Focus38Read the following sentences from the text.In
33、terpret the sentences and discuss with your partner whether you agree with the author or not.Give specific examples to support your opinions.1.Commercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the formats and goals of most sports.Reading Focus Critical Thinking2.As the need to please nave audiences
34、 becomes greater,so does the emphasis on heroic orientations.39Discuss in groups the following questions.1.Are there any other things affected by commercialization in the same way as sports?Give specific examples to support your opinions.Reading Focus Critical Thinking2.Many people feel that athlete
35、s are paid too much.How do you feel about this issue?401.Fun and“good games”are now defined in terms of gate receipts,concessions revenues,the sale of media rights,market shares,rating points,and advertising potential.(Para.1)in terms of:as regards,expressed as 在方面；以某说法来表达 e.g.1)Its a mistake to thi
36、nk of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions.2)Id rather think of it _(从投资的角度).Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Pointintermsofaninvestment41 concession:1)somethingthatyouallowsomeonetohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement 妥协，让步 e.g.Both sides made various concessions,but neither wo
37、uld back down on the crucial points.2)aspecialrightthataparticularpersonorgroupofpeopleisallowedtohave,forexamplebythegovernmentoranemployer,ortheactofgivingorallowingsomethingasaright（政府或雇主等许可的）特权；特许权 e.g.the import/export concessions that had been granted to the island 翻译：今天，乐趣和“好比赛”的定义取决于门票收入、特许权
38、收入、媒体传播权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Point422.We know that whenever any sport is converted into commercial entertainment,its success depends on spectator appeal.(Para.2)converted into:1)change(something)fromoneformorusetoanother 转变，转换 e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoan
39、office.2)(persuadesomeoneto)changetoadifferentreligion(使某人)改变宗教信仰e.g.EuropeanmissionariesconvertedthousandstoChristianity.翻译：我们知道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Point433.Tomakemoneyonasport,itsnecessarytoattractamassaudiencetobuyticketsorwatchtheeventsontel
40、evision.(Para.4)“mass”is used here as an adjective,meaning“involving or intended for a very large number of people”.e.g.1)大众传媒 _ 2)大规模杀伤性武器 _ 3)大规模生产 _ 4)大规模抗议活动 _ 5)大众营销 _ Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Pointmass mediaweapons of mass destructionmass productiona mass protestmass marketing444.S
41、imilarly,those who know little about the technical aspects of ice skating are more entertained by triple and quadruple jumps than by routines carefully choreographed and practiced until they are smooth and flawless.(Para.5)Theprefix“tri-”in“triple”means“threetimes”andtheprefix“quadr-”in“quadruple”me
42、ans“fourorfourtimes”.Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Point1.one:拉丁前缀uni-:unique 独一无二的uniform 制服希腊前缀mono-：monologue 独白2.two:拉丁前缀bi-：bilingual 双语的bilateral 双边希腊前缀di-：dioxide 二氧化物disyllable 双音节词3.three:拉丁前缀tri-：triangle 三角形tricycle 三轮车4.four:拉丁前缀quadr-：quadrangle 四边形quadruple 四倍希腊前缀tetra-：tetragon
43、 四边形tetrahedron 四面体5.five:拉丁前缀quint-：quintuple 五倍quintet 五重奏希腊前缀pent-：pentagon 五角大楼pentathlon 五项全能45 routinen.1)theusualorderinwhichyoudothings,orthethingsyouregularlydo常规e.g.Officialsattheexchangesaidyesterdaythatitscurrentinvestigationwasamatterofroutine.交易所的官员昨日表明，目前的调查只是例行公事。2)asetofmovements,jo
44、kesetcthatformpartofaperformance 舞蹈等表演的成套动作e.g.adanceroutine一套舞蹈动作routineadj.e.g.常规手术_定期保养_例行手续_ Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Pointroutine operationroutine maintenanceroutine procedure465.They want to see athletes occasionally collapse as they surpass physical limits,not athletes who know th
45、eir limits so well they can successfully compete for years without going beyond them.(Para.5)Try to figure out different meanings of“collapse”in each of the following sentences.1)Minuteslaterthesecondtowercollapsed.2)Hecollapsedwithaheartattackwhilehewasdancing.3)Ithoughtthatwithoutmethewholeproject
46、wouldcollapse.4)Sharepricescollapsedafternewsofpoortradingfigures.交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌。(ofabuilding)falldownReading Focus Reading Focus Language Point(ofaperson)falldownbecauseofillness,tiredness,etc.(ofasystem,ideaororganization)fail(ofprices,level,etc.)suddenlybecomemuchlower476.As the need to please nav
47、e audiences becomes greater,so does the emphasis on heroic orientations.(Para.7)Thissentencemeansthatastheneedtopleasenaveaudiencesgrows,increasinglymoreemphasisisplacedonheroicorientationsofathletes.翻译：取悦无知观众的需求越强烈，就越会强调英雄主义取向。Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Point487.These athletes usually eva
48、luate themselves and other athletes in terms of the sport ethic,and they learn to see heroic actions as signs of true commitment and dedication to their sport.(Para.7)ethic:(n.)ageneralideaorbeliefthatinfluencespeoplesbehaviorandattitudes 伦理，道德体系 e.g.Peoplestillbelieveinthetraditionalworkethicandwea
49、refortunatetheydo.ethical:(adj.)1)relatingtoprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrong有关道德的e.g.Theuseofanimalsinscientifictests_(提出了一些棘手的伦理道德问题).2)morallycorrect 合乎道德的e.g.Itwouldnotbeethicalforme,asadoctor,totalktoyouaboutmypatients.Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Point raises difficult ethical questions4
50、9 Distinguish between ethic and ethnic:ethic ethical ethnic 1)Only19percentoftherespondentsgavelawyershighmarksformaintaininghonestand_standards.2)Tome,somuchofitcomesbacktothework_andcommitment.3)Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofracialor_background.Reading Focus Reading Focus Language Pointet