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1、押上海卷第78-83题阅读回答问题D篇押题探究“阅读理解”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括 能力。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间，要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的 问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给 题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其 他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。解题秘籍专题知识梳理学生们做“阅读简答”这样的题目时，普遍觉得不难，而考试结果一出来，却 发现得高分的不多，原因就在于这种题型不仅要求学生读懂文章，还要求他们用 自己的语言简练的回答有关问题；既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，
2、也考查了他们 的英语表达能力和概括能力，另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的要求，使得做 简答题有一定的难度。再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，也从某 种意义上加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩，好的解题步骤和技巧是非常 重要的。1 .通读全文。做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段 落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。2 .按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理 解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问。3 .简练作答。在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确的英语 表达出来。注意回答问
3、题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避 免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作 适当改动，最好不要整句照搬.Pleasant Valley High Schools clubs and organizations.6. 开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为：I want to join Speech Club. Because I want to overcome my shyness.Read the passage below and answer the following questions（根据文章内容回答下列问题）When Robert was
4、 about two years old, he tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but it fell, spilling milk all over the kitchen floor.When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely see
5、n so much milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore
6、everything to its proper order.After they cleaned up the spilled milk, his mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two hands. Lefs go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way
7、 to carry it without dropping it.”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. At that moment he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistake. Instead, he learned that mistake were just good chances for learni
8、ng something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesnt work”, we usually learn something valuable from it.7. What happened to the bottle when Robert tried to remove it from the refrigerator?8. Did his mother shout at him or punish him?9. Woul
9、d Robert like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before cleaning it up?10. What did his mother encourage him to do in the back yard?11. How could he carry the bottle without dropping it?12. After reading the story, what do you think of making mistakes?【答案】7. The bottle fell and the m
10、ilk split over the kitchen floor.8. No, she didnt. 9. Yes, he would. 10. She encouraged him to find a way to carry the bottle without dropping it. 11. By grasping the bottle at the top near the lip withboth hands.12. Mistakes are just good chances for learning something new.【导语】本文是一篇小故事，通过小罗伯特在妈妈的帮助
11、下，终于学会用双手抓住瓶子顶 部靠近瓶口的地方，就能拿着瓶子而不让它掉下来的故事，启发我们，从犯错中也学到一 些有价值的东西。7. 根据he tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but it fell, spilling milk all over the kitchen floor”，可知瓶子掉了牛奶洒到地厨房板上，故填The bottle fell and the milk split over the kitchen floor.8. 根据第二段“When his mother came into the kitc
12、hen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said,”可知，小罗伯特的妈妈没有对他大喊大叫或者惩罚他，故填No, she didnt 9.根据第三段“Indeed, he did.”可知，罗伯特想下来在牛奶里玩几分钟然后再清理干净， 故填 Yes, he would.10. 根据Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.
13、，可知母亲鼓励他把瓶子灌满水并且想个办法不让它掉 下去，故填 She encouraged him to find a way to carry the bottle without dropping it.11. 根据“The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.，可知需用双手抓住瓶口的顶部靠近瓶口的地 方，故填 By grasping the bottle at the t
14、op near the lip with both hands.12. I艮据最后句Even if the experiment doesnt work”, we usually learn something valuable from it.可知，我们通常能从犯错中学到一些有价值的东西，故填Mistakes are just good chances for learning something new.Great inventionsGreat inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. The fo
15、llowing are the most important inventions in history.The wheelThe wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carnages （马车）.In the early 19th century, the first train
16、s began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. Without the wheel, we would not have these inventions. The telephoneAlexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical （实用的）telephones in 1876. Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over lon
17、g distances. Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.The light bulbThomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb inl879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps o
18、r candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them?13. Why does the writer think great inventions change the world?14. Which of the three inventions was invented first?15. What inventions did the w
19、heel make possible?16. Which one allows people to keep in touch with each other anytime and anywhere, the telephone or the mobile phone?17. How did people see at night before the invention of the practical light bulb?18. Which of these inventions do you think is the greatest one in human history? Wh
20、y?【答案】13. Because they help people live a better life. 14. The wheel. 15. Carriages, trains and cars. / The wheel made carriages, trains and cars possible. 16. The mobile phone. 17. They used oil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night. / By using oil lamps, gas lamps or candles. 18. The wheel.
21、Because after its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. （Any reasonable answer is ok.）【分析】本文讲述了世界上三个伟大的发明：车轮、电话、电灯泡。19. 根据第 1 段第 1 和 2 句Great inventions change the world. They help people live a better life.”可知，作者认为伟大的发明改变了世界的原因是因为他们帮助人们过上更好的生活。 故填 Because they help people live a
22、 better life.20. 根据第 2 段第 3 句A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages （马车）产可知几千年前就发明了车轮。由第3段第1 Alexander Graham Bell inventedone of the first practical （实用的）telephones in 1876和第 4 段第 1 句“Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb inl879.”可知电话和电灯泡在一百多年前发明的。所以 车轮
23、最先发明的。故填The wheel.21. 根据第 2 段“The wheel .people started to use wheels on carriages （马车）. the first trains began to cany passengers. .cars became popular.“可知，车轮使马车、火车和汽车发明 成为可能。 故填 Carriages, trains and cars. / The wheel made carriages, trains and cars possible.22. 根据第 3 段第 3 和 4 句mobile phones. They
24、 allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere可知,移动电话使人们能够随时随地保持联系。故填The mobile phone.23. 根据第 4 段第 2 句Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night.可知，在发明实用灯泡之前,人们晚上使用油灯、煤气灯或 蜡烛照明。故填 They used oil lamps, gas lamps or candl
25、es to see at night. / By using oil lamps, gas lamps or candles.24. 我认为人类最伟大的发明是车轮，因为在车轮发明之后，旅行变得更快，更舒适，本 题开放性题，只要回答合理即可。故填 The wheel. Because after its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable.阅读下列材料，按要求完成任务。Remember books? The paper kind. With pages. In the old days before computers
26、, to get information, people read books and newspapers. Students spent hours and hours in the library looking for information in the old books for homework, Now students can find anything on the internet in seconds. The library was a place where everyone was quiet. Sing along to music? Never! Watch
27、a movie on phone while they are reading? Impossible! But now students can watch videos about their research topic as they write a paper.Before computers. articles were handwritten. If a student made a mistake, he would throw the paper away and start writing all over again. Now? If a student makes a
28、mistake, he can just remove or cut it. Students type on their computers and edit （编辑）freely. But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly. Who wants to lose his hard work forever?Communication online is easy and fun. While students are writing, they
29、 can discuss with friends in another window. Did you think they were chatting （聊天）with someone in the real same room? No! Theyre chatting with everyone in their own room.Technology helps us get important information in no time. In areas where bad weather is a problem, we can get warnings from our ph
30、one, Our local radio or TV station can give information about where to get help or what to do to keep our family and home safe.Technology is our friend!25. How did people get information in the old days before computer?26. How can a student correct his mistake while writing on the computer?27. Why s
31、hould students save their writing in time on the computer?28. What does the underlined word if5 refer to29. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?30. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.答案19. They got information by reading books and newspapers./Read books and newspapers. 2
32、0. He can just remove or cut it./Just remove or cut it./Remove or cut it.21. Because the computer may stop working suddenly./Because it may stop working suddenly.22. The computer. 23. Technology helps us get important information in no time.24. 学生们在写东西时，（他们）可以在另一个窗口与朋友们讨论。【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技给人们带来
33、的好处。计算机问世后，学 生可以在几秒钟内在互联网上找到任何东西，撰写论文时可以观看有关其研究主题的视 频，还可以在计算机上打字并自由编辑，犯错之后可以删除，还可以在线交流。此外，科 技还可以帮助我们立即获取重要信息。19. 根据第段“In the old days before computers, to get information, people read books and newspapers,可知在过去没有电脑的日子里，为了获得信息，人们阅读报纸和书籍。故填 They got information by reading books and newspapers./Read bo
34、oks and newspapers.20. 根据第二段“If a student makes a mistake, he can just remove or cut it.”可知，如果学生犯 了 错误，他们可以册U 除他们。故填 He can just remove or cut it./Just remove or cut it./Remove or cut it.21. 根据第二段“But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly.”可知，但是他
35、们应该及时保存他们的写作在电脑上，因为他们可能会突 然停止工作。故填 Because the computer may stop working suddenly./Because it may stop working suddenly.22. 根据But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly.”可知，it 代指前面的 computero故填 The computero23. 根据第四段第一句Technology helps us get impo
36、rtant information in no time.”为本段的中 心句，意为“技术帮助我们立即获取重要信息”。故填Technology helps us get important information in no time.24. 根据 while 表示“当时候，students arc writing 表示“学生正在写“，discuss withfriends表示“与朋友讨论，in another window表示“在另外一个窗口”。即当学生正在写字 的时候，他们可以在另外一个窗口和朋友讨论。故填学生们在写东西时，（他们）可以在另 一个窗口与朋友们讨论。Getting Creati
37、ve with crimeAn experiment carried out at Newcastle University aimed at reducing the number of bike thefts has produced some unusual results. The most efficient way of stopping people from stealing bikes seems almost too simple to be true. If you want to persuade thieves not to act, make them feel t
38、hey,re being watched!Posters showing a large pair of eyes were put up near three bike racks at the university, while other bike racks had no posters. The researchers explained that the number of thefts decreased by 62 per cent compared to the previous year at racks with posters. However, at the othe
39、r racks, thefts actually increased by 63 per cent. Experts claim that clearly visible images of eyes make people feel theyre being watched. They say that we all care what other people think about us and thafs why we behave better when we think someone is looking. Now officials have agreed to carry o
40、ut similar projects at train stations all over the country.The giant eyes“ poster isnt the only unusual method being used to try and fight crime on UK streets. In the East Midlands city of Leicester, police are inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. The
41、y hope that these colourful additions to neighbourhoods will help create a safer place to live. The thinking behind the idea is that if you create a pleasant environment, people are more likely to behave better. We live in a world where our every move is being watched by CCTV cameras，one of the orga
42、nisers told us. The cameras are there to deter （威慑）possible criminals, but they come at a price, and many people dont like being watched 24 hours a day. We believe theres another way. We want to encourage people to take more pride in where they live.”However, not all residents are happymany refuse t
43、o believe it will make any difference. Theyre demanding that the police do more to reduce trouble in the area. One local resident told us, I recommend that the police stop wasting their time on mad plans like this and do some real policing. We need to see more policemen walking around our streets, e
44、specially at night.25. What is the most efficient way of persuading thieves not to act?26. Where were the giant eyes“ posters placed?27. Why did the number of thefts decrease at racks with posters?28. What are the disadvantages of CCTV cameras?29. What does this in the last paragraph refer to?30. Do
45、 you believe the second method will work? Why or why not?【答案】25. Making them feel theyre being watched. 26. Near three bike racks at the university. 27. Because clearly visible images of eyes make people feel theyre being watched. 28. The cameras come at a price, and many people dont like being watc
46、hed 24 hours a day. 29. It refers to inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. 30. No, I dont. Because it is useless.【导语】本文介绍了减少犯罪的有创意的想法。25. 根据If you want to persuade thieves not to act, make them feel theyre being watched!”可矢口 如果想要劝说小偷不犯罪，那就让他们感觉被看着。故填Ma
47、king them feel they什e being watched.26. 根据“Posters showing a large pair of eyes were put up near three bike racks at the university, while otherbike racks had no posters.”可知把巨大眼睛海报放到大学的三辆自行车架旁边。 故填 Near three bike racks at the university.27. 根据“Experts claim that clearly visible images of eyes make
48、people feel theyre being watched.”可知小偷下降的原因是因为清晰可见的眼睛海报会让人觉得自己被监视了。故填 Because clearly visible images of eyes make people feel theyre being watched.28. 根据“The cameras are there to deter （威慑）possible criminals, but they come at a price, and many people don like being watched 24 hours a day.”可知摄像头的存在是为
49、了阻止可能的罪 犯，但它们是有代价的，许多人不喜欢一天24小时被监视。故填The cameras come at a price, and many people dont like being watched 24 hours a day.29. 根据“In the East Midlands city of Leicester, police are inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area.”可知在英格兰东部城市莱斯特，警方邀请人们 制作大毛球，并将它们挂在附近的树上，this指代这个行为。故填It refers to inviting