考研英语长难句课件.ppt

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1、语法和长难句分析课程1课程设置一 一 简单句 简单句二 二 并列句 并列句三 三 名词 名词四 四 动词 动词五 五 形容词和副词 形容词和副词六 六 英语的特殊结构 英语的特殊结构2第一节 简单句一 一 what is what is 简单句？简单句？试译：我的英语说得很好；试译：我的英语说得很好；I speak english well.I speak english well.沙坪坝 沙坪坝 到了；到了；we are arriving at spb station.we are arriving at spb station.3二 二 简单句的分类：简单句的分类：1.1.主谓结构；主谓结

2、构；he died;we laugh(ed);he died;we laugh(ed);2.2.主谓宾 主谓宾 谓语：实意动词 谓语：实意动词3.3.主谓表 主谓表 谓语：系动词 谓语：系动词4系动词：系动词：1.be 1.be2.2.感官动词：感官动词：look smell taste sound feel look smell taste sound feel；3.3.变化：变化：become get go turn;become get go turn;4.4.保持：保持：keep stay remain;keep stay remain;54 4 主谓双宾 主谓双宾5 5 主谓宾宾补

3、主谓宾宾补I bought him a dog;I bought him a dog;It makes him happy;It makes him happy;We elect him our monitor;We elect him our monitor;6三 三 句子的成分；句子的成分；1 1 谓语：谓语：1 1）谓语的成分；）谓语的成分；your mother must very beautiful;your mother must very beautiful;2 2）动词能不能多？）动词能不能多？beat you is my fault.beat you is my fault.

4、I enjoy watch tv I enjoy watch tvMy dream is become a teacher.My dream is become a teacher.7试译：试译：他笑着说，我爱你；他笑着说，我爱你；He smiling said He smiling said“I love youI love you.爱我就是抱抱我；爱我就是抱抱我；Loving me is hugging(embracing)me.Loving me is hugging(embracing)me.83）动词能不能少？your mother must very beautiful;I aga

5、inst you.(oppose).reject inject project subjectobject9二二 主语主语1.1.主语的成分主语的成分being meaningful is living well being meaningful is living wellliving well is doing meaningful things.living well is doing meaningful things.2.2.主语能不能少？主语能不能少？10A)it A)it It is raining.It is raining.It is hot in chongqing.It

6、is hot in chongqing.11B there be B there be there are numerous students falling in love with me.there are numerous students falling in love with me.there are countless factors supporting my point.there are countless factors supporting my point.there are innumerable young men failing to get there are

7、 innumerable young men failing to get married.married.12C C 被动 被动 english must be pointed out very important.english must be pointed out very important.the government should be suggested to take the government should be suggested to take measures.measures.D D 人称代词 人称代词133 3 宾语 宾语 I love you I love y

8、ou I love liuxiaoyan I love liuxiaoyan I love singing songs I love singing songs I love to sing songs I love to sing songs144 4 表语 表语I am a teacher;I am a teacher;I am in chongqing I am in chongqing I am beautiful I am beautifulMy dream is to become a poet My dream is to become a poetMy dream is bec

9、oming a poet.My dream is becoming a poet.15四 四 时态 时态一）一般的时态 一）一般的时态二）进行的时态 二）进行的时态三）完成的时态 三）完成的时态16一）一般的时态 一）一般的时态1.1.一般现在时：一般现在时：I enjoy learning english I enjoy learning englishThe earth revolves around the sun.The earth revolves around the sun.172.2.一般过去时 一般过去时I was a student three years ago.I wa

10、s a student three years ago.3.3.一般将来时 一般将来时18二）进行的时态 二）进行的时态I am having class I am having class I was having class at 8 yesterday.I was having class at 8 yesterday.I will be having class at 8 tomorrow.I will be having class at 8 tomorrow.19三）完成的时态 三）完成的时态I have been to europe many times I have been

11、to europe many timesI have been a student.I have been a student.My mother had slept when I got home.My mother had slept when I got home.I had learned 5000 words by the end of last year.I had learned 5000 words by the end of last year.20练习句子 毫无疑问污染很严重；毫无疑问污染很严重；There is no doubt that pollution is ver

12、y serious.There is no doubt that pollution is very serious.重庆有很多人口 重庆有很多人口 There are many people in chongqing There are many people in chongqing这个问题政府已经重视 这个问题政府已经重视 The government has focused the problem.The government has focused the problem.214 4 如果有毅力，就一定会成功 如果有毅力，就一定会成功 if there is willpower,su

13、ccess must be achieved.if there is willpower,success must be achieved.5.5.他站在那儿笑 他站在那儿笑He is standing there,smiling.He is standing there,smiling.6 6 抽空得改改你的脾气了 抽空得改改你的脾气了You spare some time to relieve your temper.You spare some time to relieve your temper.22五 五 简单句考点；简单句考点；1.1.写作 写作2.2.长难句 长难句23练习题：

14、练习题：1)I was playing computer.The roommate came 1)I was playing computer.The roommate came in,asking me to have lunch.in,asking me to have lunch.2)There is a lot of traffic jam these days.2)There is a lot of traffic jam these days.24第二节 并列句 I love you,you love that dog;I love you,you love that dog;解决

15、方案：解决方案：1.1.回归简单句；回归简单句；2.2.加连词；加连词；3.I love you,who love that dog.3.I love you,who love that dog.4.4.I loving you,you love that dog.I loving you,you love that dog.25一 一 什么是并列句？什么是并列句？二 二 常见的连词 常见的连词1.1.平行：平行：and not only and not only but also but also2.2.转折：转折：but,yet,while,whereas;but,yet,while,wh

16、ereas;3.3.顺承：顺承：then then；4.4.因果：因果：for for；so/thus therefore so/thus therefore5.5.选择：选择：or or26三 三 考点：考点：1.1.写作 写作2.2.完型 完型3.3.分析长难句；分析长难句；I was beaten I was beaten，and you and you；27练习题1.mary fails to like english but she likes music and 1.mary fails to like english but she likes music and dancing

17、 dancing(be fond of;be crazy about;have passion for;be(be fond of;be crazy about;have passion for;be fascinated with;be keen on)fascinated with;be keen on)2.love has gone,but she still remains there.2.love has gone,but she still remains there.3.he not only speaks english well but also speaks 3.he no

18、t only speaks english well but also speaks french fluently.french fluently.28三 名词一）名词能做什么成分？一）名词能做什么成分？1.the movie looks attractive;1.the movie looks attractive;2.I appreciate his mother.2.I appreciate his mother.3.gump is a man.3.gump is a man.4.I enjoy the part,the end.4.I enjoy the part,the end.2

19、9 1.what I saw is attractive;2.I appreciate what she said.3.gump is who should learn from.4.I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky.30二）什么是名词性从句？二）什么是名词性从句？1.1.何为从句？何为从句？2.2.何为名词性从句？何为名词性从句？31三）名词性从句的引导词；三）名词性从句的引导词；1.I love you is my fault.1.I love you is my fault.2.Do you love me is o

20、bvious.2.Do you love me is obvious.3.Who do you love is a secret.3.Who do you love is a secret.32试译：试译：我认为污染很严重 我认为污染很严重I believe that pollution is quite serious.I believe that pollution is quite serious.我想知道 我想知道 人为什么活着？人为什么活着？I wonder why people live in the world.I wonder why people live in the wo

21、rld.33试译：试译：很多年轻人都意识到孝敬父母是他们的业务；很多年轻人都意识到孝敬父母是他们的业务；Many teenagers have realized that respecting Many teenagers have realized that respecting parents is their responsibity.parents is their responsibity.34外星人存在吗真的很重要；外星人存在吗真的很重要；Whether aliens exist is really vital;Whether aliens exist is really vita

22、l;我的想法是我们去看电影吧。我的想法是我们去看电影吧。My idea is that we will go to see a movie.My idea is that we will go to see a movie.她成功的找到了女朋友使我们很高兴；她成功的找到了女朋友使我们很高兴；That she succeeded in finding a friend make me That she succeeded in finding a friend make me happy.happy.35四）考点：四）考点：1.1.写作：写作：1 1）主语从句：）主语从句：女人总是对的是一个常识

23、。女人总是对的是一个常识。That women are always right is common sense.That women are always right is common sense.It is common sense that women It is common sense that women 36主语从句的满分表达：主语从句的满分表达：It It that that 372.2.宾语从句 宾语从句3.3.表语从句 表语从句4.4.同位语从句 同位语从句她是一个诗人这个事实是真的；她是一个诗人这个事实是真的；She is a poet the truth is rea

24、l.She is a poet the truth is real.The truth that she is a poet is real.The truth that she is a poet is real.38试译：试译：没有什么能够掩盖她正在变老这个事实；没有什么能够掩盖她正在变老这个事实；Nothing can hide the fact the she is becoming old.Nothing can hide the fact the she is becoming old.他的丈夫去世了这个消息传遍了整个村庄。他的丈夫去世了这个消息传遍了整个村庄。The news t

25、hat his husband died was spread the The news that his husband died was spread the whole villege.whole villege.39我坚信梦想和坚持会使我们成功这个说法；我坚信梦想和坚持会使我们成功这个说法；I believe the idea that dreams and persistance can I believe the idea that dreams and persistance can make us succeed.make us succeed.402.2.长难句分析：会识别各

26、个从句。长难句分析：会识别各个从句。1)1)如何识别主语从句 如何识别主语从句2 2）如何识别宾语从句）如何识别宾语从句3 3）如何识别表语从句）如何识别表语从句4 4）如何识别同位语从句）如何识别同位语从句41第四节课：定语一一 什么是定语？什么是定语？二二 定语的成分定语的成分1.1.形容词形容词 an innocent nightingalean innocent nightingale a nightingale brave and innocent.a nightingale brave and innocent.2.2.名词名词 the singing of the nightin

27、galethe singing of the nightingale3.3.介词短语介词短语 the n out of the windowthe n out of the window4.4.分词分词 the singing nthe singing n the n singing to the rosethe n singing to the rose5.5.不定式不定式 the man to the partythe man to the party426.6.从句 从句三 三 定语的位置 定语的位置练习：那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了；练习：那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了；the man know

28、ing love was rejected.the man knowing love was rejected.我有一朵和白云一样白的玫瑰花 我有一朵和白云一样白的玫瑰花I have a rose as white as clouds I have a rose as white as clouds 夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹。夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹。The n heard the words of the young man.The n heard the words of the young man.被扔掉的玫瑰花是红色的。被扔掉的玫瑰花是红色的。The thrown rose is red.

29、The thrown rose is red.43四 四 定语从句 定语从句1.1.构成 构成 n+n+引导词 引导词+句子 句子2.2.引导词 引导词 定语从句的引导词分类标准 定语从句的引导词分类标准N N 人 人 who whom whose who whom whose 物 物 that which whose that which whose 时间 时间 that which when that which when 地点 地点 that which where that which where 原因 原因 that which why that which why44谁决定引导词的

30、用法举例：举例：he is the man _ loves me.he is the man _ loves me.he is the man_ I love.he is the man_ I love.he is the man_ father excels in making popcorn.he is the man_ father excels in making popcorn.45I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the

31、day _ we spent.I will never forget the day _ we spent.46You had better have no reason_ you are late.You had better have no reason_ you are late.You had better have no reason_ You had better have no reason_ sounds perfect.sounds perfect.47定语从句引导词的分类新标准按照 按照 引导词的词性（引导词在从句中所作的成分来分来）引导词的词性（引导词在从句中所作的成分来

32、分来）1.1.Who whom that which Who whom that which2.2.Where when why Where when why 3.3.whose whose48五 五 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句和同位语从句的区别I cannot believe the fact that is shocking.I cannot believe the fact that is shocking.I cannot believe the fact that he is a poet.I cannot believe the fact that he is a poe

33、t.49六 六 定语从句的特殊用法 定语从句的特殊用法1.1.先行词和引导词之间有介词 先行词和引导词之间有介词 which whom which whom；2.that 2.that 做宾语，可省；做宾语，可省；3.3.区别 区别the same the same as;the same as;the same that thatHe is the same man as I love;He is the same man as I love;He is the same man that I love.He is the same man that I love.504.4.区别限制和非限

34、制性定语从句；区别限制和非限制性定语从句；I love liu,who is gorgerous.I love liu,who is gorgerous.I love liu who is gorgerous.I love liu who is gorgerous.I love watermelons,which are round.I love watermelons,which are round.I love watermelons which are round.I love watermelons which are round.51七 七 定语从句的考点及难点；定语从句的考点及难点

35、；引导词？引导词？-寻找先行词 寻找先行词定语从句的先行词 定语从句的先行词1.1.最近的那个名词 最近的那个名词2.2.最近的短语或多个名词 最近的短语或多个名词3.3.一个从句 一个从句4.4.整个完整的句子 整个完整的句子52第五节课 动词一 一 动词的成分 动词的成分二 二 动词的分类 动词的分类1.1.系动词 系动词2.2.助动词 助动词3.3.情态动词 情态动词4.4.实意动词 实意动词531.1.系动词 系动词2.2.助动词 助动词I am a teacher.I am a teacher.I have taught english for years.I have taught

36、 english for years.I am going to be a lawyer.I am going to be a lawyer.I donot do much sports recently.I donot do much sports recently.543.3.情态动词 情态动词 表示推测 表示推测举例：老俞一定很有钱 举例：老俞一定很有钱Old fish must be wealthy;Old fish must be wealthy;Old fish cannot be wealthy.Old fish cannot be wealthy.55Old fish must

37、 have been self abased in his university Old fish must have been self abased in his universityYou neednot have shown your love in this way.You neednot have shown your love in this way.I could have become a good poet.I could have become a good poet.They should have got married if they had a chance.Th

38、ey should have got married if they had a chance.564.4.实意动词 实意动词Watch tv;I am watching;Watch tv;I am watching;Look at me;I am looking;Look at me;I am looking;57三 三 虚拟语气 虚拟语气一）一般用法：一）一般用法：if if引导的条件句 引导的条件句If you are a tear in my eyes,I will never shed it.If you are a tear in my eyes,I will never shed

39、 it.If I was a dog,I could sleep with you.If I was a dog,I could sleep with you.58二）特殊用法二）特殊用法1.should+v1.should+v 以防以防 in case that;for fear that;lestin case that;for fear that;lest 命命 order;direct commandorder;direct command 贱贱 suggest advice proposesuggest advice propose 要求要求 ask request require

40、demandask request require demand 用虚拟用虚拟是必要的是必要的 it is necessary(important)thatit is necessary(important)that592.2.以下情况，从句用过去时表示虚拟 以下情况，从句用过去时表示虚拟 would rather;it is high time that;would rather;it is high time that;我宁愿你比我幸福 我宁愿你比我幸福I would rather you were happier than I.I would rather you were happie

41、r than I.是我们关注这个问题的时候了 是我们关注这个问题的时候了It It that we should poured attention into the issue.that we should poured attention into the issue.603.3.以下情况要区别对待 以下情况要区别对待Wish;if only;but for;or/otherwise;as if/as though;Wish;if only;but for;or/otherwise;as if/as though;61 四）非谓语动词 四）非谓语动词1.1.主语 主语Beating you

42、is my fault.Beating you is my fault.To beat you is my fault.To beat you is my fault.=it is my fault to beat you.=it is my fault to beat you.2.2.宾语 宾语623 3 表语 表语4.4.定语 定语他是一个被上帝抛弃的男人；他是一个被上帝抛弃的男人；He is a man abandoned by god.He is a man abandoned by god.成功属于全力以赴的人。成功属于全力以赴的人。success belongs to those

43、sparing no efforts.success belongs to those sparing no efforts.635.5.状语 状语When love comes,I will hold your hands.When love comes,I will hold your hands.When I was a girl,I enjoyed his music.When I was a girl,I enjoyed his music.64Love coming,I will hold her hands.Love coming,I will hold her hands.Be

44、ing a girl,I enjoyed his music.Being a girl,I enjoyed his music.练习：练习：如果春天来了，冬天就不远了。如果春天来了，冬天就不远了。Spring coming,winter will arrive.Spring coming,winter will arrive.因为我爱你，我要嫁给你。因为我爱你，我要嫁给你。Loving you,I will marry you.Loving you,I will marry you.65是不是必须有状语从句才能出现分词做状语呢？是不是必须有状语从句才能出现分词做状语呢？我爱你，你爱我。我爱你，

45、你爱我。I loving you,you love me.I loving you,you love me.父母曾经养育过我们，我们就应该孝敬他们父母曾经养育过我们，我们就应该孝敬他们Parents raising us,we should respect them.Parents raising us,we should respect them.66六 形容词 副词一）成分 一）成分1.1.形容词：形容词：表语 表语 定语 定语-修饰名词 修饰名词2.2.副词 副词 he is very fast he is very fast he runs fast.he runs fast.he r

46、uns rather fast.he runs rather fast.67二）状语 二）状语1.1.定义 定义2.2.成分 成分1 1）副词）副词 she smiles sweetly.she smiles sweetly.2 2）介词短语）介词短语 he runs like a crazy dog.he runs like a crazy dog.3)3)分词，不定式 分词，不定式她哭着离开了 她哭着离开了He leaves crying.He leaves crying.684)4)从句 从句3.3.状语的位置 状语的位置69四 四 状语从句 状语从句1.1.引导词的分类标准 引导词的分

47、类标准2.2.状语从句 状语从句1 1）时间状语从句：）时间状语从句：When=while=as before after since the moment;by When=while=as before after since the moment;by the time;until,not.Until.the time;until,not.Until.701.1.状语从句时态的问题：状语从句时态的问题：when love comes,I will hold her hands.when love comes,I will hold her hands.when love came,I fa

48、iled to hold her hands.when love came,I failed to hold her hands.712.2.区别 区别 until until 和 和not not until until I will wait here until you come.I will wait here until you come.I will not leave until you come.I will not leave until you come.722)2)地点状语从句：地点状语从句：Where WhereThis kind of trees grows well

49、 where it is wet.This kind of trees grows well where it is wet.=in wet places(=in wet places(介词短语）介词短语）733 3）原因状语从句：）原因状语从句：A because;as;since;in that;seeing that;considering A because;as;since;in that;seeing that;considering that;now that;given that;that;now that;given that;B for B forC because of;

50、due to;owing to;thanks to;for the C because of;due to;owing to;thanks to;for the sake of;as a result of;sake of;as a result of;74举例：举例：He had a car accident because he was careless.He had a car accident because he was careless.He had a car accident for he was careless.He had a car accident for he wa