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1、阅读理解主旨大意题阅读理解主旨大意题1、细节理解题、细节理解题(questions of details)2、词义猜测题、词义猜测题(words in context)3、推理判断题、推理判断题(questions of inference)4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(main idea)4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(main idea)Question forms:1.主题类主题类（1).The main idea of the passage is _.(2).The passage is mainly about _.(3).What is the passage mainly about
2、?(4).Which of the following statement can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?(5).Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Question forms:2.标题类标题类（1).The best title/headline for this passage might be_.(2).The text(Passage)could be entitled _.(3).What is the best t
3、itle for the passage?(4).Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?3.作者意图类作者意图类(1).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is _.(2).The passage is meant to _.(3).The purpose of this article is _.(4).The authors purpose is to show _.主旨大意主旨大意How do we get the main ide
4、a from a paragraph or passage?查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、最具有概括力的信息。最具有概括力的信息。1.Choose the most general word.A)chemist B)physicist C)scientist D)biologist 2.Choose the most general sentence.A)The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m.daily.B)There are many reasons why guests feel at h
5、ome at the Glorietta Bay Inn.C)The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.D)There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.1Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentofthew
6、orldsradioprogramsareinEnglish.Find the topic sentenceFind the topic sentence2.Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment.In the first place,it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other
7、 people think them to be.When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly,competent,and interesting,there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality.If we are treated with respect by others,we soon come to have mo
8、re respect for ourselves.Then,too,ones own consciousness of having a pleasant,effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）,selfconfidence,and a just pride in himself.A good voice,like good clothes can do much for an ego（自我）that otherwise
9、might be inclined to droop（萎靡）.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is:A)Our Ego B)The Reflection of Our Personality C)How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice D)Voice Training in Personality Development Tip 1:at the beginning 主题句主题句(Topic sentence)在段首在段首:一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后
10、的句子则是论证性细节。在其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采中多采用这种格式。用这种格式。3.Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own(by themselves).Still others like a democratic(民主的民主的)discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be de
11、vised(design)to satisfy all students at the same time.4.Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpractice,isnowoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器无武器的的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantocla
12、peachothershandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Letsshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooften
13、tobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimorher.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisundersta
14、nding(误解误解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesaremorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.67.Themainpurpo
15、seofthetextis_.A.totellussomedifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWestB.toofferussomeimportantfactsabouthandshakingC.tointroduceustosomedifferentcustomsintheWestD.togiveussomeadvicebeforewetravelabroadTip 2:at the end 主题句在段尾。主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结最后自然得出结论论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现即段落
16、的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的它是此段内容的结论。结论。5.We surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns.We questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago,attitudes towards students have
17、 changed considerably.“Lazy”“scruffy”and“bad-mannered”was how more than 40%of those questioned described students，up from 22%in the last survey.This year only 25%considered students to be“polite”and“friendly”compared with 39%three years ago.Overall,49%considered students to be a positive part of the
18、 town compared to 58%last time.3.有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间 since our last survey three years ago,attitudes towards students have changed considerably.Passage D 6.If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Tw
19、o days sale.Hurry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model,a much better set which is“just right for you”.It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited wi
20、th a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying items on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Beware D.TV On Sale(detail)(detail)(detail)An exa
21、mple(detail)effects the topic sentence is in the middle of the passage.Tip 3:at the middle主题句在段中。主题句在段中。开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层次为：引题次为：引题-主题主题-解释（细节）。解释（细节）。7.Good manners are important in all countries,but ways of
22、expressing good manners are different from country to country.Americans eat with knives and forks;Japanese eat with chopsticks.Americans say“Hi”when they meet;Japanese bow.Many American men open doors for women;Japanese men do not.On the surface在表面上在表面上,it appears that good manners in America are no
23、t good manners in Japan,and in a way this is true.But in any country,the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person.In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately towards others and bad manners not to.It is only the way of behaving pol
24、itely that differs from country to country.8.TheresasanoldSaying:“Acoward（懦夫）（懦夫）diesmanytimes;aherodiesbutonce.”Soitiswithnewspaperstheirdeathhasbeenpredictedmanytimes,buttheyarestillwithus.Butwilltheybewithusforever?Newspapershavesurvivedaslongastheyhavebecausetheycanbringanin-depthcoverageofissue
25、sthatrequiretimeandconsideration.Readersgotonewspaperstolearnaboutcomplexissues.Reputablenewspapersbecomeopinionleadersintheireditorialandcommentarycolumns,quiteapartfromtheirabilitytoinvestigateissuesandbecomebreakersofimportantnews.However,thethreatoftheinternetislikelytoproveprofound.Manyyoungpeo
26、plenowturntotheWebfornews.Howevermuchradioandtelevisionledtheattackonthenewspaperasanewssource,oneofitsmainsourcesofincomeadvertisingsremainedintact（未受影响的）（未受影响的）.NotonlydoestheWebtakereaders,italsotakesadvertising.ManynewspapermenseethethreatoftheWebasbeingofanewkind.Somepublicationswillgounder,but
27、thosewhichservespecializedmarketsandwhicharecommerciallysolidwillsurvive.Thedeathofthenewspaperhasbeenpredictedmanytimes,butthenewspaperisstillwithusandislikelytoremainso.TheresasanoldSaying:“Acoward（懦夫）（懦夫）diesmanytimes;aherodiesbutonce.”Soitiswithnewspaperstheirdeathhasbeenpredictedmanytimes,butth
28、eyarestillwithus.Butwilltheybewithusforever?Newspapershavesurvivedaslongastheyhavebecausetheycanbringanin-depthcoverageofissuesthatrequiretimeandconsideration.Readersgotonewspaperstolearnaboutcomplexissues.Reputablenewspapersbecomeopinionleadersintheireditorialandcommentarycolumns,quiteapartfromthei
29、rabilitytoinvestigateissuesandbecomebreakersofimportantnews.However,thethreatoftheinternetislikelytoproveprofound.ManyyoungpeoplenowturntotheWebfornews.Howevermuchradioandtelevisionledtheattackonthenewspaperasanewssource,oneofitsmainsourcesofincomeadvertisingsremainedintact（未受影响的）（未受影响的）.Notonlydoes
30、theWebtakereaders,italsotakesadvertising.ManynewspapermenseethethreatoftheWebasbeingofanewkind.Somepublicationswillgounder,butthosewhichservespecializedmarketsandwhicharecommerciallysolidwillsurvive.Thedeathofthenewspaperhasbeenpredictedmanytimes,butthenewspaperisstillwithusandislikelytoremainso.Wha
31、tmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThenewspaperVStheWebB.Whydopeoplereadnewspaper?C.Whatdoyouliketoread?D.Deathofthenewspaper?Tip 4:at both the beginning and the endThis paragraph begins with a topic sentence and ends with a restatement of the same topic sentece在文章开头和结尾在文章开头和结尾:首尾呼应，为首尾呼应，为突出主
32、题突出主题,作者先提出主题作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用于常用于记叙文，议论文记叙文，议论文，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Topicsentence¶graphotherinfo.otherinfo.Topicsentence¶graphTopicsentence¶graphotherinfo.info&exampleTopicsentence¶graphTopic
33、sentence¶graphexample&otherinfo Ifthereisnotopicsentenceinthepassage,whatshouldwedotogetthemainideaorchoosethebesttitle?Sometimes there is no topic sentence in the passage.Summarize the main idea in our own words and then choose the best title.Three main steps:First,get the main idea of each par
34、agraph.Second,summarize the main idea in our own words,according to the structure of the passage.Third,compare it with the choices to see which one is the best.9.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin an
35、d graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.partial detailsA.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to anoth
36、er university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.Tip 5:No specific topic sentence,so readers should summarize from all the details.从
37、段落中归纳要点抓大意从段落中归纳要点抓大意.有些文章无明确的主题句有些文章无明确的主题句.这就要求考生在阅读过这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实细节来概括总结主旨大意。程中根据文中所叙述的事实细节来概括总结主旨大意。注意：注意：1.不能以偏概全不能以偏概全.2.不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。3.注意多次出现的高频词或主题词注意多次出现的高频词或主题词detailsParagraph ideasPassage idea1Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwo
38、yearstodosobyship.2 Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfro
39、mthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSp
40、ainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.3Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death.B.Going around the World.C.The World Is Round.D.Magellans Voyage.101 Magellan
41、s men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing th
42、e tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in
43、April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had die
44、d.1.time2.shipsandpeople3.route4.Sufferingsanddifficultiesa.Lackoffoodandfreshwaterb.Hungeranddiseasesc.DeathsThe process of Magellans long difficult voyage5.success3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Magellans voyage proved the earth
45、is round.1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.2 Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they rea
46、ched the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the
47、Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.3 Magellans voyage proved tha
48、t men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyageParagraph 1:Magellans voyage was
49、the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 1:Magellans voyage wa
50、s the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged