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1、天水市一中高二级2022-2023学年度第一学期第一学段考试（试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题L5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .Where will Lily probably visit?A.Sydney.B.New York.C.Los Angeles.2 .Which sub
2、ject does Linda like best?A.Science.B.Chinese.C.English3 .What will the woman probably do?A.Go to bed.B.Drink more tea.C.Eat something.4 .What does the man mean?A.He gives the woman some books.B.He will buy the books for the woman.C.The professor recommended many reading materials.5 .Whats the date
3、today?A.March 31st.B. April 1st.C.April 2nd.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）为止，核武器的实际使用只发生在第二次世界大战中，但生产和准备使用的核武器的数量是如此之多，如 果这些武器真的被使用，其结果可能是毁灭人类和许多种类的动物）”可知，作者对世界上数量巨大的核武 器表示担忧，故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“good and ill together（好和坏在一起）”可推测，此处意为：William Shakespeare 说过：“我们生命的网是由好与坏混合在一起的纱线组成的，mingled意为“混合的二故选B。【
4、10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段中 “But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?（但一定要这样吗？难道恶总是与善相伴吗？从生理上讲，我们天生就会打 仗吗）”可知，科技发展有好有坏，是不是好坏并存，我们是不是出生就会打仗？所以作者接下来可能继续 写的是将好和坏分开的有效方法。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，第一段的最后一句话 “Many things caused the changes, but
5、, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science（许多东西引起了这些变化，但是，在我看来，最重要的是科学的进步）” 提出文章主题，根据第二段末句Technology in the 叩plication of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.（科学应用中的技术取得了巨大的进步，使我们几乎在生活的各个方面 都受益）”和第三段首句“The continuation of such activi
6、ties in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings（这种活动在二H一世纪继续下去将给人类带来更大的好处）”可知，这两段都讲 了科技带来的好处，从正面印证了主题，而第四段首句“Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.（然 而，不幸的是，事情还有另一面）”中的Sadly和however表明文章转入另夕|、一个方面的论证，而且是反面 的论证，接下来最后一段用Shakespeare的话再次总结主题。根据这个分析，可
7、以很容易地看出这篇文章的 整体结构是“总一分一总”式，在“分”的部分又分为正、反两方面。故选A。DThere are 156 known species of glass frogs living throughout the neotropics. Recent advancements in genetics are giving researchers a revealing look into the lives of these one-inch-long tree dwellers, some of which are the size of a paper clip.Scient
8、ists have discovered, for example, that male glass frogs in some species are stellar parents - a rare trait among vertebrates （脊椎动物）.Males of at least 24 species not only protect their eggs from predators but also actively care for them. While the embryos （胚胎）develop, males of some species, such as
9、the sun glass frog sit atop their egg clutch like a chicken,1 keeping the eggs hydrated until they hatch into tadpoles （蝌蚪）.New research is also discovering how the glass frogs transparent belly forms. Its suspected that young glass frogs physically rearrange the insides of their cells and tissues t
10、o become transparent adults. Fluid between the tissue cells may also contain a substance that allows light to travel through.Another mechanism that may allow glass frogs to blend into the green leaves on which they doze during the day is called a biological mirrorn, a kind of shield or covering of c
11、rystals in many of their tissues, which reflects up to 30 percent of the light that normally reaches them. Those crystals amplify the light signal, and the frogs green looks brighter.Many scientists studying glass frogs arc motivated by the fact that some of their subjects are disappearing一and fast.
12、 Agriculture, cattle grazing, and mining projects in the Andes are taking over the frogs already fractured forest homes.As soon as they are discovered, many species are declared endangered/1 Guayasamin, a biologist in Ecuador, says ”yet there could be an advantage in conserving such isolated ponulan
13、ons.* All could be inspired to work together to set aside frog-rich patches of land as reserves, ensuring that these delicate creatures have a solid chance at survival. 12. What can we know about glass frogs?A. They are regarded dangerous.B. They are small animals.C. They are of different colors.D.
14、They live in the water.13. What does the underlined word stellar in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Strange.B.Ambitious.C. Excellent.D.Different.14. How can glass frogs hide themselves in the green leaves?A. They physically change their cells.B.They containtransparent fluid.C. Crystals in their tissues
15、reflectlight.D.Light signalmakesthem greener.15. What is Guayasamins suggestion for endangered glass frogs?A. Stopping cattle grazing.B. Building frog reserves.C. Improving frog popularity.D. Planting more forest trees.【答案】12.B13.C14. C 15. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是关于玻璃蛙的一些新的发现。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第段的
16、u Recent advancements in genetics are giving researchers a revealing look into the lives of these one-inch-long tree dwellers, some of which are the size of a paper clip.（遗传学的最新进展让研究人员对 这些一英寸长的树居者的生活有了一个透彻的了解，其中一些树居者的生活只有回形针那么大）”可知，玻 璃蛙是一种小动物，故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的 u Males of at least 24 species no
17、t only protect their eggs from predators but also actively care for them.（至少有24个物种的雄性不仅保护它们的卵免受捕食者的攻击，而且还积极照顾它们）”可知， 雄性玻璃蛙是很优秀的父母，他们很好地保护自己的后代，因此划线词stellar的意思是“优秀的”，即 Excellent,故选 C。【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的 u Another mechanism that may allow glass frogs to blend into the green leaves on which they doz
18、e during the day is called na biological mirrora kind of shield or covering of crystals in many of their tissues, which reflects up to 30 percent of the light that normally reaches them.（另一种可以让玻璃蛙融入它们白天 打瞌睡的绿叶中的机制被称为“生物镜”，这是它们许多组织中晶体的一种屏障或覆盖物，可以反射通常到 达它们的30%的光）”可知，玻璃蛙能躲在绿叶中是因为它们组织中的晶体反射光线。故选C。【15题详解
19、】细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “All could be inspired to work together to set aside frog-rich patches of land as reserves, ensuring that these delicate creatures have a solid chance at survival.（所有人都可以受到启发，共同努力，留出青蛙丰富的土地作为保护区，确保这些脆弱的生物有可靠的生存机会）”可知，Guayasamin对濒危玻璃 蛙的建议是建立青蛙保护区。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文
20、后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You just came back from lunch so you know you cant be hungry. Yet, you are reaching fbr a bag of chips or a bar of chocolate as you prepare to work on a project which has been causing you stress and anxiety. 16Most of us tend to overeat when were feeling stressed or u
21、nder a lot of pressure. When under long periods of stress, our bodies produce cortisol, a hormone （荷尔蒙）that causes hunger. 17 In addition, the hormone causes our bodies to react favorably when we consume （消耗）foods that are high in fat or sugar, or both. These foods, known as comfort foods, do contro
22、l stress in the short term, which explains why many of us desire for them.Stress eating may be a conscious （有意识的）or unconscious decision, but it does pose （弓| 起）several problems.Physical health concerns of stress eatingConsuming an unnecessary number of unhealthy foods that are high in fat and sugar
23、 will contribute to weight gain. 18 Whats worse, it can lead to various chronic health illnesses such as high blood pressure.Emotional concerns of seeking comfort foods19However, it does not actually solve your problems. Instead of looking for practical solutions to a stressful situation, your atten
24、tion is focused on getting quick relief with food. These short-term relief measures may actually translate into a long-term emotional burden and affect your mental health.Mental health concerns of anxiety eatingEating to deal with stress and anxiety can easily become an unhealthy habit and may even
25、lead to eating disorders. If left unchecked, stress eating may progress to binge-eating disorder. 20 However, it is neither a healthy nor a permanent solution to deal with a stressful situation. There are still many other methods of helping you fight stress and anxiety without sacrificing （中西牲）your
26、physical and mental well-being.A. Thats stress eating.B. This poses a risk of being overweight.C. This affects a persons food preferences.D. Stress eating can provide relief in times of stress.E. Stress eating can provide emotional and mental comfort.F. Seeking comfort in food may give you short-ter
27、m stress relief.G. It doesnt work fbr the benefit of your body shapes in the long term, though.【答案】16.A17. C 18. B 19. F 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是压力饮食以及压力饮食的坏处。【16题详解】根据下文 “ Most of us tend to overeat when were feeling stressed or under a lot of pressure. （当我们感到压力或 承受很大压力时，我们大多数人往往会暴饮暴食。）说明我们感觉压
28、力的时候会吃太多，是对A选项Thats stress eating.（那是压力饮食。）的进一步解释。故选A。【17题详解】根据下文 “In addition, the hormone causes our bodies to react favorably when we consume （消耗）foods that are high in fat or sugar, or both.（此外，当我们消耗高脂肪或高糖食物时，这种激素会使我们的身体产生积极的 反应，或两者兼而有之。）说明这种荷尔蒙导致我们产生了对特定食物的偏好，与C选项This affects a person food pref
29、erences.（这会影响一个人的食物偏好。）相一致。故选C。【18题详解】根据上文 u Consuming an unnecessary number of unhealthy foods that are high in fat and sugar will contribute to weight gain.（食用不必要数量的高脂肪和高糖不健康食品会导致体重增加）说明高糖、高脂食物会增重， 当增重过多时会有超重的危险，与B选项This poses a risk of being overweight.（这会带来超重的风险。）相一致。故选Bo【19题详解】根据上文Emotional con
30、cerns of seeking comfort foods（寻求舒适食物的情绪问题）说明我们情感上会寻 求舒适食物，与 F 选项 Seeking comfort in food may give you short-term stress relief.（在食物中寻求安慰可能 会给你带来短期的压力缓解。）相一致，F选项说寻求舒适食物的暂时好处。故选F。【20题详解】根据下文 u However, it is neither a healthy nor a permanent solution to deal with a stressful situation.v（但是， 它 既不是健康的解
31、决方案，也不是解决压力情况的永久解决方案。）说明压力饮食既不健康也不是长久之策， 否定压力饮食，however表示转折，前面与后面意思相反，与D选项Stress eating can provide relief in times of stress.（压力饮食可以在压力时提供缓解。）相一致，D选项肯定压力饮食。故选D。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完型填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。This past summer, I applied for my very first job at
32、a small bakery in my neighborhood. I knew that if I were21 there, I would learn how to use a cash register, prepare sandwiches, and 22 cake orders. I imagined that my biggest struggle would be 23 demanding New Yorkers, but I never thought that the act of tying a box would become both my biggest 24 a
33、nd greatest teacher.On my first day of work in late August, one of the employees quickly explained the 25, It seemed simple:wrap the string （绳子）around your hand, then wrap it three times around the box both ways, and fasten it. I 26 the message in my head, three times, turn it, three times, tie it“
34、until it became my prayer. After observing several employees, it was 27 that anyone tying the box could complete it in a matter of seconds. For weeks, I failed endlessly, only to watch the strong and small pieces of my pride unravel （散开）each time I tried.As I 28 to push half-tied cake boxes into pla
35、stic bags with embarrassment, I could not help but 29 what was wrong with me. 30 the weeks progressed, my skills slowly began to improve. Of course, there were days when I just wanted to throw all of the string in the trash and use tape （胶带）instead; this sense of defeat was never 31、but remarks like
36、 Oh, you must be 32 from impatient customers made me angryand determined to try even harder.Gradually I began to realize that I should not be 33 if it takes me longer to learn. I kept on, and I continued to tie boxes every weekend at work. Even though I occasionally fell back into desperation, I alw
37、ays rewrapped the string around my hand and 34 over because I learned that the most satisfying victories come from not 35.21. A. impressedB. hiredC. keptD. promoted22. A. fillB. cancelC. placeD. take23. A. identifyingB. memorizingC. guidingD. serving24. A. friendB. wishC. challengeD. hobby25. A. pro
38、cessB. meaningC. puzzleD. theory26. A. sentB. weighedC. appliedD. repeated27. A. possibleB. clearC. funnyD. interesting28. A. rushedB. deservedC. offeredD. requested29. A. believeB. wonderC. admitD. recognize30. A. UntilB. BeforeC. OnceD. As31. A. wantedB. recognizedC. forgivenD. treasured32. A. you
39、ngB. lazyC. newD. talented33. A. sympatheticB. ashamedC. unsatisfiedD. relaxed34. A. handedB. turnedC. startedD. took35. A. showing upB. giving upC. bringing upD. taking up【答案】21. B22. D23. D 24. C25. A 26. D 27. B28. A 29. B 30. DA 32. C 33. B34. C 35. B31.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在面包店工作时，在系蛋糕盒子上遇到了困
40、难，但作者没有放 弃，继续练习，随着时间的推移，慢慢取得进步，通过这件事，作者明白了最令人满意的胜利来自于不放 弃。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我在那里工作，我将学会如何使用收银机、准备三明治和接受蛋糕 订单。A. impressed给留下深刻印象；B.hired雇用;C.kept保持；D. promoted促进。根据上文“I applied formy very firstjob at a small bakery”可知，我是打算在这个小面包店工作，由此可知，这里指的是如果我 被这个面包店雇用。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我在那里工作，我将学
41、会如何使用收银机、准备三明治和接受蛋糕 订单。A. fill 填满；B. cancel 取消；C. place 放置；D. take 拿，接受。根据上文 “I applied for my very Erst job at a small bakery”可知，我是打算在这个小面包店工作，由此可知，我应该学会接受顾客的蛋糕订单，“take orders意为”接订单意故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为我最大的困难是为要求很高的纽约人服务，但我从未想过，系盒子的 行为会成为我最大的挑战和最伟大的老师。A. identifying确认;B. memorizing记忆;C. gui
42、ding指导;D. serving 服务。根据生活常识可知，面包店的职员应该是服务客人，New Yorkers”代表的是一类客人。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为我最大的困难是为要求很高的纽约人服务，但我从未想过，系盒子的 行为会成为我最大的挑战和最伟大的老师。A. friend朋友；B. wish愿望；C. challenge挑战；D. hobby爱好。 结合下文内容可知，我在练习系蛋糕盒子的时候遇到很大困难，由此可知，这对我来说是最大的挑战。故 选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我八月底第一天上班的时候，一名员工很快解释了这个过程。A. process
43、过程; B. meaning 意思；C. puzzle 迷；D. theory 理论。I艮据下文 “wrap the string （绳子）around your hand, then wrap it three times around the box both ways, and fasten it.（把绳子绕在你的手上，然后在盒子两边绕三圈，然后系 紧。可知，这个员工向我解释的是系蛋糕盒子的过程。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在脑海中重复着这个信息，“三次，转动它，三次，系上它”，直到它成为我 的祈祷。A. sent 发送；B. weighed 称重量；C. appl
44、ied 申请；D. repeated 重复。根据句中“until it became my prayer 可知，作者已经把这句话熟练的记在心里了，由此可知，作者在脑海中重复了很多遍。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在观察了几名员工之后，很明显，任何人都可以在几秒钟内完成这项系盒子 的工作。A. possible可能的;B. clear明显的；C.funny滑稽的；D.interesting有趣的。根据下文内容可知, 作者不能系好盒子，再结合句中“anyone”可知，这里将其他人和作者形成对比，很明显，任何人都可以在 几秒钟内完成这项系盒子的工作，只有作者不能。故选B项。【28
45、题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我尴尬地急忙把半捆好的蛋糕盒塞进塑料袋时，我不禁想知道自己到底出了 什么问题。A. rushed匆忙；B. deserved值得；C.offered主动提出；D.requested请求。根据句中“half-tied cake boxes和with embarrassment可知，我没能系好盒子，因为尴尬怕人发现，所以匆忙地把它们塞进塑料 袋里。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我尴尬地急忙把半捆好 蛋糕盒塞进塑料袋时，我不禁想知道自己到底出了 什么问题。A.believe相信；B. wonder想知道；C.admit承认;D. recogniz
46、e认出。根据句中what was wrongWith me可知，我是“想知道”自己到底出了什么问题，为什么别人能做好，我不行。故选B项。【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我的技能开始慢慢提高。A. Until直到；B.Before在以前; C Once一旦；D. As随着。根据句中“slowly”可知，我的技能是慢慢提高，由此可知，应该是随着时间的 推移，“As”意为“随着”。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，有时我只是想把所有的绳子扔进垃圾桶，用胶带代替；这种失败感从来 都不是我想要的，但不耐烦的顾客说的“哦，你一定是新来的”之类的话让我很生气，并决心
47、更加努力。A. wanted 想要;B. recognized 认出；C. forgiven 原谅;D. treasured 珍爱。根据句中 “this sense of defeat” 和 上文内容可知，作者不能系好盒子，想过放弃，由此可知，作者并不想要这种失败感。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，有时我只是想把所有的绳子扔进垃圾桶，用胶带代替；这种失败感从 来都不是我想要的，但不耐烦的顾客说的“哦，你一定是新来的”之类的话让我很生气，并决心更加努力。 A. young年轻的；B.lazy懒惰的;Anew新的;D. talented有才能的。根据句中“impatient
48、customers”可知, 作者不能系好盒子，不耐烦的顾客会认为他是新来的，所以才不能系好。故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始意识到，如果系盒子花费我更长的时间学习，我不应该为此 感到羞愧。A. sympathetic同情的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.unsatisfied不满足的；D.relaxed放松的。根据上 文push half-tied cake boxes into plastic bags with embarrassment 可知，我曾经因为尴尬，把半捆好的蛋糕 盒塞进塑料袋，由此可知，我曾经为自己做不好这件事感到羞愧，由此可知，这里指我开始意识到我不应 该为此感到羞愧。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我偶尔会再次陷入绝望，但我总是重新把绳子绕在我的手上，重新开始， 因为我知道最令人满意的胜利来自于不放弃。A. handed交、递；B.tur