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1、中考英语复习中考英语复习系列系列1名词和代词名词和代词主讲教师主讲教师:Mr.Tan词类考点一、名词一、名词特殊复数形式特殊复数形式特殊复数形式特殊复数形式1 1、单复数同形：、单复数同形：（1 1）sheep sheep sheepsheep（2 2）people-peoplepeople-people （3 3）deer-deerdeer-deer（4）work,homework,housework,advice，information,news,population是不可数名词，不能用many,few,a few修饰，可用some,any,lots of,much修饰.注：a piece
2、 of news,a piece of advice.2、表示人的名词复数 中日不变：中日不变：Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese英法变：英法变：Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen其余后面其余后面+sGerman-GermansAmerican-Americans O结尾+es 1、hero-heroes2、tomato-tomatoes3、potato-potatoes O结尾+s 1、photo-photos 2、radio-radios3、zoo-zoos 名词名词+esbus-busesbox-boxeswat
3、ch-watches（手表）（手表）brush-brushes（刷子）（刷子）f变成 ves knife-knivesscarf-scarvesthief-thieveslife-livesleaf-leaves（叶子）（叶子）shelfshelves(书架书架)y变成i+es baby-babiesstory-storiescountry-countriesfactory-factoriesdictionary-dictionaries不规则变化 foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese（鹅）（鹅）man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policeme
4、nchild-childrenmouse-mice（老鼠）（老鼠）womanteacherwomenteachersmandoctormendoctors二、代词(1人称代词)1、人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：He likes table tennis.（作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）2、宾格还用于动词和介词后,如：He is older than me.Mr.Tan teaches us English.2物主代词：表示所有关系1、形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to
5、see us.This is her pencil-box.2、.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.（作主语）-Is this English-book yours?（作表语）-No.Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished yours?（作宾语）3反身代词反身代词：英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就
6、是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2.作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。Imyself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）固定搭配的
7、反身代词（特别奉献）help oneself to(随便吃）enjoy oneself （过得愉快）teach oneself （自学）by oneself （亲自）for oneself （为自己）lose oneself （陶醉于）说明：这里的oneself可用myself,himself,herself,itself,yourself,yourselves,ourselves,themselves 代替4指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：Thi
8、s is a pen and that is a pencil In those days the workers had a hard time2.有时有时that和和those指前面讲到过的事物，指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English 3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或或those代替代替，例如：The popul
9、ation in China is much bigger than that in Japan 4.this 在电话用语中代表自己代表自己，that则代表对方代表对方。例如：Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?5不定代词不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。（1）some与与any的区别的区别1）some多用于多用于肯定句肯定句，表示，表示“一些，几个一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词不可数名
10、词+单数动单数动词；词；可数名词可数名词+复数动词。复数动词。2）any多用于多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表，表示示“一些，任何一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词不可数名词+单数动词；单数动词；可数名词可数名词+复数动复数动词。词。3）Wouldyoulikesomewater?Yes,alittle./Yes,please.Yes,Idlike/loveto.No,thanks.Idliketo,but注意：注意：some用于表示一定要得到答案的句子中用于表示一定要得到答案的句子中注意：与some,any结合的词如somethi
11、ng,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别a few，few用于可数名词用于可数名词，a few表示肯定，（虽少，但有几个），few表示否定（不多，几乎没有）；a little、little用于不可数名词用于不可数名词，（a little，虽少，但有一点）表示肯定，little表示否定，（不多，没有什么）。注意：注意：alittle可以修辞形容词、形容词比较级、可以修辞形容词、形容词比较级、用于动词后面。用于
12、动词后面。3.other,the other,another,others,the others的区别。用 法代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another另一个 others别人，其他人 another(boy)另一个（男孩）other(boys)其他男孩特定 the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other(boy)另一个男孩the other(boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Where are his other books?I havent any other books e
13、xcept this one.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成连用构成“theother”，表示两个人或物中的，表示两个人或物中的“另一个另一个”。常与常与one搭配构成搭配构成“one.,theother.”句型。句型。He has two brothers.One is 10 years old,the other is 5 years old.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指泛指“另外的人或物另外的人或物”。常与。常与some搭配构成搭配构成“some.,others.有的。有的有的。有的”句型。句型
14、。Sometheothers一些。另一些（表示特指）一些。另一些（表示特指）Some went to the cinema,others went swimming.This coat is too large.Show me some others,please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或其他的人或物物”。We got home by 4 oclock,but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English,the others are Chi
15、nese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个另一个”，还可以跟代词，还可以跟代词one.You can see another ship in the sea,cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt.Would you please show her anotherone?6）another也可以作代词用，表示也可以作代词用，表示“另一个另一个”。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake.Please give me another.中考真题演练
16、中考真题演练1、These _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor2、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes,there are some.A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 3、Its so crowded here.Lets make some _ for the baby.A.ground B.room C.seats D.chairs4、Most young people fin
17、d _ exciting to watch a football match.A.it B.this C.that D.one 5、All the students were tired,but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A.both B.none C.any D.neither 6、The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isnt it?Yes,it has built many schools _ those children can study happily.A.where B.when
18、 C.which D.who7、Your MP4 is quite cheap.Where did you buy _?I want to buy _,too.A.one;one B.it;it C.it;one D.one;it8、-What did you buy for your daughter at the supermarket?-I bought _,because I couldnt find _ she likes.A.something;anything B.anything;something C.nothing;anything D.something;nothing9
19、、They are from _.Theyre _.A.Germany;Germans B.Germans;Germany C.German;GermanyD.Germany;Germen 10、-How do you like the pictures which _ on show?-I like _ very much.A.is,them B.are,them C.is,it D.are,it 11、She has written a lot of books,but_ good ones.A.any B.some C.few D.many12、This morning Jack cam
20、e to school _ than _ student in his class.A.much late;any B.much later;any other C.much later;any D.much later;other 13、-You want _ sandwich?-Yes,I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A.other B.another C.others D.the other14.-Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?-_isOK.Idontcare.A.EitherB.NeitherC.Both15.-Look
21、!Doyouknow_manunderthetree?-Sorry.Itstoofartosee_clearly.A.this;himB.that;hisC.this;herD.that;him16.Whichofthecapswillyoutake?16.-Illtake_,oneformyfather,theotherformybrother.A.neitherB.bothC.all17.-Excuseme.Iwanttobuysomestamps.WherecanIfindapostoffice?-Iknow_notfarfromhere.Youcaneasilyfind_.A.that
22、;itB.it;oneC.one;it18.-Haveyougot_readyforthesportsmeeting?-Notyet.Westillhave_todo.A.anything;nothingB.something;everythingC.everything;something19.Howmanystudentslikethissong?-_ofuslikesit.Itsoundsterrible.A.NoneB.NobodyC.EveryoneD.All20.-Idontknow_todonext?-Itseasy.Presstheredbuttonin2minutes.A.w
23、hatB.howC.whereD.when21.Excuseme,isthis_newcamera?-Yes,its_.A.your;myB.your;mineC.yours;myD.yours;mine22.Sheisnewhere,soweknowabouther.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything23.-Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?-Idloveto,but_ofuscouplehastickets.Doyouhavesome?A.bothB.neitherC.none24.-Cou
24、ldyoupleasetellme_intodaysnewspaper?-Sorry,_.A.somethingspecial;specialnothingB.specialsomething;specialnothingC.somethingspecial;nothingspecialD.anythingspecial;nothingspecial25.Sandydidnttellherparentsthatshewasgoinghomebecauseshewantedtogivethema_.A.giftB.callC.surpriseD.note26.Youcangetmuch_abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information27.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an_andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news28.-Goodnews.Wewillhavea_holiday.-Iveheardofit.Butitscomingin_.A.threedays;threedaystimeB.threedays;threedaysC.three-day;threedaysD.threedays;three-daytime