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1、初中英语语法学习之常考助动词用法分析（二）will的用法：1）用于将来时态（各种人称后都可以用）：Ill give you a definite answer tomorrow. 明天我将给你个明确回答。We will never again be separated. 我们再也不会被分开。Will you be taking your leave in South Africa? 你准备在南非度假吗？By this time next year she will have taken her university degree. 明年这时她将已获得大学学位。It looks as if he
2、 wont be in time for the train. 看来他好像赶不上火车了。2）用于疑问句表示请求：Will you tell her that Im Mrs. Pater? 你可否告诉她我是佩特夫人？Will you have a little soup? 你要不要喝点汤？Bring me the paper, will you? 把报纸拿给我好吗？Will you please sit down, everybody? 请大家坐好。Wont you take off your overcoat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉？3）用于各个人称，表示：a.愿意，肯：I will have
3、nothing to do with this matter. 我不愿和这事扯上关系。I meant to reason with you, but you wont reason. 我是想和你讲道理，但你不听劝。She wont so much as look at David. 她连看大卫一眼都不肯。Go where you will. 你想去哪里就去哪里。If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如你允许，我愿意送你回家。b.决心，承诺：I wont have anything said against her. 我绝不让谁说她的坏话。I wo
4、nt give her a divorce. 我不会同意和她离婚。I wont let her down in any way. 我绝不会做任何对不起她的事。I wont do it any more, I promise you. 我答应你我再也不会这样做。c. 习惯，倾向：She will sit there for hours, waiting for her son to come home. 她常常在那里一坐几个小时等候儿子回家。Some animals will not mate in captivity. 有些动物关起来就不交配。These things will happen.
5、 这样的事总是要发生的。Boys will be boys. 男孩终究是男孩。d. 命令、叮嘱：You will report to the headquarters right today. 你今天就去总部报到。You will not go out today: youll stay in and work. 你今天不准出去，你得留在家里干活。You will stay here till you are relieved. 放你走你才能走。No one will leave the examination room before 12 oclock. 十二点前谁也不得离开考场。e. 表示
6、猜测：The man with the umbrella will be the Prime Minister. 打雨伞的人想必是首相。I knew his father, Professional Pileyoull have heard of him. 我认识他父亲派尔教授，想必你听说过他的。That will be the postman at the door. 门口想必是邮差。would 的用法1）作助动词的用法：a.用来构成过去将来时态（各人称后均可以用）：He knew he would be late. 他知道他要迟到了。I said Id be glad to see him
7、. 我说我会很高兴见到他。I thought she would be looking after you. 我想她会照顾你的。I guessed hed have told you everything. 我猜他会把一切都告诉你了。From her trip to Pairs, she would return on Monday morning. 巴黎之行后，她会于星期一早上回来。He asked if I would go in. 他问我是否要进去。b.用来婉转地提出请问题、看法等：Would you kindly send me his address? 劳驾可否把他的地址寄给我？Wo
8、uld you help us, please？劳驾可否帮帮我？Lets fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you? 咱们来定个日子，星期六晚上合适吗？How do you think she would feel? 你想她会有什么感受？Im sure he wouldnt mind your going. 我肯定他不会介意你去。I think that would be the most convenient time for us. 我想这对我们是最合适的时间。Id go there with you. 我愿意和你一道去。2）用于虚拟语气：a.用于虚
9、拟条件句：If we were men, we would be doing something now. 如果我是男人，我们现在会采取一些行动。He would be delighted if you went to see him. 你要是去看他，他会很高兴的。I would have done more, if Id had the time. 如果我有时间我就会做得更多些。If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 如果我看到了广告，我早就申请这份工作了。They would never have
10、 met if she hadnt gone to Emmas party. 要是她没有去参加爱玛的晚会，他们就决不会相遇的。b.用于含蓄条件句：Shed be stupid not to accept. 她不接受是愚蠢的。Hurry up! It would be a pity to miss the beginning of the play. 赶快，要是看不到戏的开头就太遗憾了。In the old days she would have argued. 要是在过去，她早就争论上了。I would have taken a firm stand. （如果是我）我会采取坚定的立场。Lega
11、lizing this drug would have disastrous consequences. 使这种毒品（售卖）合法化会产生灾难性的后果。c.用于其他情况：I wish the sun would come out. 但愿太阳会出来。She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 她把信烧掉，这样她丈夫就永远不会看见了。He wishes (that) she would leave him. 他希望她会离开他。She worried for fear that her child would be
12、 hurt. 她很担心唯恐孩子受到伤害。3）（用于过去情况）表示“愿意”、“肯”、“会”等（也可以说是will的过去形式）：She just wouldnt do what I asked her. 她就是不肯答应我的要求。She would not go to the dentist even though she was in considerable pain. 尽管牙疼得厉害，她仍不愿意去看牙医。He would never enter this hateful house again. 他再也不想走进这间讨厌的房子了。They had to do that whether they
13、would or not. 不管愿不愿意，他们都得这样做。She would never permit anything of that sort. 她绝不会允许出这种事。可用在虚拟条件句的从句中：I should be obliged if you wouldnt George me. 如果你能不叫我乔治我会很感激。I would be glad if you would give me an account of it. 如果你愿意谈谈这事的经过，我会很高兴。4）过去的习惯性动作或倾向：When he was young he would often walk in these woods
14、. 他年轻时常常在这些树林里散步。When my parents were away, my grandmother would look after me. 我父母不在家时，总是我奶奶照顾我。Hed always be the first to offer to help. 他总是第一个主动帮忙的人。Now and then a blackbird would call. 画眉不时会鸣叫两声。My car wouldnt start this morning. 我的车今天早上开不起来了。5）表示猜测：Id say shes about 40. 我猜她有四十岁左右。I would imagin
15、e the journey will take about an hour. 我猜测这段路程可能需要一个钟头。The person you mentioned would be her father. 你提到的那个人想必是她父亲。I thought you would have come back. 我想你可能已回来了。6）用在一些结构中：Where would you like to sit? 你想坐在哪儿？Id be only too glad to help. 我很高兴帮忙。Id hate to leave you. 我真不愿意离开你们。Id love a coffee. 我想喝杯咖啡。
16、Id prefer to go by plane. 我愿坐飞机去。Id rather have the blue one. 我愿意要蓝的。Id sooner go home. 我宁愿回家去。shall的用法1）作助动词的用法：a.主要用于第一人称，构成疑问句以征求对方意见：What time shall I come? 我什么时候来？Where shall we go for our holiday? 我们到哪里去度假？Lets look at it again, shall we? 我们在瞧瞧，好吗？Shall I turn on the light? 要不要我把灯打开？b.在英国也可用于肯
17、定句和否定句中（现在用will的人可能更多些），构成将来时态：I shall be very happy to see him again. 我会很高兴再次见到他。We shant be arriving until ten oclock. 我们要到十点才到。I shall have been working here for ten years by the end of this year. 到今年年底我在这里就已工作十年了。I shall often be coming to Pisa. 我会常到比萨来。We shall have finished with this tomorrow.
18、 明天这事就会干完。2）在英国可用在比较文气的语言中，表示“规定”、“许诺”、“命令”等：Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 收卷前考生须留在各自座位上。（规定）In the rules, it says that a player shall be sent off for using bad language. 有明确规定球员出言不逊应罚出场。（规定）If you really want a pony, you shall have one. 如果你确实想要小马，我
19、就给你一匹。I shall write to you at the end of the month. 月底我会给你写信。（许诺）She shall not stay under my roof. 她不得留在我家中。（命令）should的用法1）作助动词的用法：在英国should可用于第一人称，构成过去将来时态（在口语中用would更多一些）：I should (would) be most grateful if you could do it for me. 如果你能帮我做这事我会非常感激。I said I should be glad to help. 我说我将乐于帮忙。I never
20、thought I should (would) see you again. 我以为我再也见不到你了。We hoped we should have confidence in each other again. 我们希望我们重新彼此信任。2）作情态动词表示“应该（当）”（接近于ought to）：She considered how she should answer. 她考虑应当怎样作答。The police should do something about it. 警方对此应想些办法。He really shouldnt work so hard. 他的确不应当工作这样劳累。Shou
21、ld I try again? 我是不是该再试一次？后面的不定式可用完成等形式：We should have checked the time before we left. 我们本应该先核对一下时间再动身的。You shouldnt have trusted him so readily. 你不应当这样轻易信赖他。You should have been helping Tom. 你应当在帮助汤姆。You shouldnt be reading a novel. You should be reading a textbook. 此刻你不应当在看小说，而应当在看课本。3）用在某些句子中使口气
22、显得更婉转（仅用于第一人称）：I should like to phone my lawyer. 我想给我的律师打电话。We should be grateful for your help. 我们将很感谢你的帮助。There are a lot of things I should have liked to ask you. 有好多事我本想问你的。I should have preferred him to do it in a different way. 我倒是愿意他以别种方式来做此事。I should be glad to talk to you. 我将高兴和你谈谈。4）用在某些宾语
23、从句中构成谓语（美国常用动词原形）：She advised that we should keep the gate locked. 她劝我们把大门锁上。They agreed the roof should be repaired. 他们同意房顶要维修一下。He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我出国。They asked that relief work should be given priority. 他们要求优先处理救济事务。He commanded that the army should advance. 他命令部队向前推进。She de
24、termined that he should study music. 她决定他学音乐。He ordered that the goods should be sent by air. 他命令将货物空运。They stipulated that the best materials should be used. 他们规定要使用最好的材料。The chairman proposed that they should stop the meeting. 主席提议休会。I suggested that she should wear a jacket. 我建议她穿一件夹克。5）用在某些主语从句中
25、构成谓语（美国常用动词原形）：It is advisable that everyone should have a map. 每人都带一张地图是明智的。It is better that he should hear from you. 他从你这儿知道更好一些。It is essential that he should be prepared for this. 让他对此有准备至关重要。It is only right that she should have a share. 她分得一份是对的。It is his suggestion that I should come round t
26、o you. 我来找你是他的建议。It was necessary that he should work hard. 他用功是必要的。6）有时should可用在某些从句甚至主句中，带有感情色彩（可译为“竟然”等）：Its queer that you should be so different from Jane. 你和简竟然这样不同真是奇怪。It does seem silly that I should have to learn this. 我竟然不得不学这个确实显得很傻。It strikes me as odd that he should ask you about it. 我感
27、到奇怪他竟向你问及此事。I find it quite astonishing that he should be so rude to you. 我感到惊讶他对你竟然如此粗鲁无礼。I cant think why she should have done such a thing. 我不明白她为什么竟然做出这样的事。I dont know why you should think I did it. 我不明白你怎么竟然认为是我干的。Why should he have asked you such a question? 他怎么竟然会问你这样的问题？How should I know? 我怎
28、么会知道？7）用在虚拟条件句中：a. （在英国）用在主句中的第一人称后（这时用would的人较多）：If I was asked to work on Sunday I should resign. 如果要我星期六工作我就辞职。I should have helped her if she had asked me. 要是她提出来，我本来会帮她的。I shouldnt have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 如果我认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。We shouldnt have succeeded without your help. 要不
29、是你帮忙，我们本不会成功。b. 用在条件从句中（主语谓语可用虚拟语气、祈使语气或陈述语气）：I should be most happy to go with you if I should not be in the way. 如果不妨碍什么，我会很高兴和你们一道去。I could persuade her to make room for you should it be necessary. 如果有必要，我可以说服她给你腾地方。If the pain should return, take another of these pills. 万一还疼，就再吃一片这个药。If you shou
30、ld be passing, do come and see us. 万一你从这儿过，务请来看看我们。Should I be free tomorrow, I will come. 如果明天有空我就来。I dont think it will happen, but if it should, what shall we do? 我想这事不会发生，但万一发生，我们怎么办？8）用在某些由in case，so that，lest等引导的状语从句中：Here is a shilling in the case you should need it. 给你一先令以备需要。Ill keep a seat
31、 for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留个座位以备你改变主意。She hid it under the pillow so that he should not see it. 她把它藏在枕头下面以防他看到。He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him. 他戴了一个面罩以免有人认出他。He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks. 他很害怕，唯恐在结冰的岩石上滑倒。She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident. 她开始着急，担心他会出事。9）用来表示猜测：Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。He should have arrived by now. 他现在相必已经到了。I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我推测这大约需要三个小时。I should say shes over forty. 我猜她有四十多岁了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司