五年级下册 英语知识点.docx

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1、牛津小学英语5B教材知识点梳理一: 语音发音例词辅音字母dr发/dr/draw, dress, drink, driver, dragon辅音字母tr发/tr/tree,try,true,trip,trouble元音字母sh发/should, sheep, she, fish,wish,wash辅音字母ch发/ t/,chair, China, chicken, kitchen, teacher much辅音字母ing发/ I /living , dancing ,sleeping, cooking, washing辅音字母qu发/kw/queen, quick, quiet, quite,

2、question辅音字母th发/ /Maths, Thursday, thirsty, both辅音字母th发/ /brother, father, mother, these, they, this二:词汇名词:(1) 人物类:prince王子fairy仙女dentist牙医parent父母cook厨师hero英雄(2) 交通工具bus公交车metro地铁taxi出租车bike自行车plane飞机ship轮船train火车(3) 公共设施place地点street 街道city 城市station火车站bookshop 书店cinema电影院hospital 医院shop商店zoo动物园su

3、permarket超市stop车站garden花园(4) 食物vegetable蔬菜tomato西红柿potato马铃薯meat肉(猪肉,牛肉等) bread面包dumpling饺子rice dumpling 粽子moon cake月饼rice cake米糕mushroom磨菇(5) 节日festival节日Spring Festival春节Chinese New Year新年Dragon Boat Festival龙舟节Dragon boat race龙舟节Mid-autumn Festival中秋节Double Ninth Festival重阳节Mothers day母亲节Fathers

4、day父亲节(6)月份January一月February二月May五月June六月September九月October十月November十一月April四月March三月July七月August八月December十二月(7)数字eleventh第十一eighth第八fourth第四Number第号password密码(8)动物及其部位giraffe长颈鹿neck脖子spot点pest害虫ladybird七星瓢虫(9)星球moon月亮sun 太阳(10)娱乐film电影game游戏play剧,演出(11)其他toothache牙疼bedtime睡觉时间mountain大山birthday生日

5、clothes衣服basket篮子动词:let 让fit 合适pick捡,拾understand 明白ride骑show给看take乘walk走feel感觉check检查should应当grow成长smell闻到love 爱Win赢得catch捉住call打电话,喊answer回答start开始fight打仗,打架来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K动词词组:Put on穿上have to不得不try on 试穿take off 脱下be bad for 对有害的leavebehind留下ask the way 问路get to到达get on 上车get off下车askfor help向要求帮助

6、excuse me 打扰一下,劳驾turn right 向右拐turn left左拐see the doctor看医生have a rest休息take medicine吃药drink water喝水brush ones teeth刷牙point at 指着sweep the floor扫地wash the dishes洗碗make the bed铺床go away走开I cant wait 我等不及了look for寻找driveaway赶走get together聚焦形容词late 晚的young 年轻的full满的clean干净的busy忙的sweet 甜的ready准备Yummy好吃极

7、了Yeah是的,太棒了angry生气old 旧的favourite最喜爱的介词:Before 在。以前 near 靠近by 在。边next to 隔壁along沿着副词:together一起over结束 why为何不定代词anything 任何事情连词:Because 因为其他词组:traffic light交通灯on your right在你的右边 on foot 步行farfrom离远三:句型:1.why引导的询问原因的特殊疑问句的用法,其句式为“why+一般疑问句”,在回答时用“Because.”。如:Why are you sad? Because I cant go to the p

8、arty.21世纪*教育网 你为什么伤心?因为我不能去参加派对。2. Let me help you. 让我来帮助你。来源:Z,xx,k.ComLet sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,let后接名词人称代词的宾格形式,其后面的动词要用原形。如:lets take the bus. 让我们乘公交车吧。Lets go to Shanghai by train.我们坐火车去上海吧。(1)Lets playfootballtogether. 让我们一起踢足球吧。(2)Let Helencleanthe room. 让海伦打扫房间3. have to通常指由于客观原因则不得不做某事,意思为“

9、不得不”。如:Its dark now. I have to go home. 天黑了,我不得不回家。Its raining, and I have to stay at home.外面在下雨,我不得不呆在家里4.be bad for意为“对有害的”,其后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式,反义短语为be good for(对有益的)。如:Because these mushrooms are bad for us! 因为这些蘑菇对我们有害!来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K5. 由where和how提问的特殊疑问句。学生必须注意句子的结构、人称的变化、动词形式的变化以及介词的搭配。一般句式为:疑问词+一

10、般疑问句的语序?(1.)where用作疑问副词,在(往、从)哪里,在什么地方:Where are you?你在哪儿?Where are my gloves?我手套在哪里?Where do you live?你住在哪儿?I live inSuzhou. - Where do you live?He ison Moon Road. - Where is he?(2.) How 在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。(表方式、方法)怎样;怎么(本单元所学的就是表示方式、方法)I go to schoolby bike. - How do you go to school?My fat

11、her goes to workby car. - How does your father go to work?How do you usually go to school?你怎样去上学?(交通方式)How does she study English?她是怎样学习英语的?我们之前还学过其他用how提问的句式,如:(指健康等情况)怎样How is Miss Zhang?张小姐身体好吗?How are you?Fine, thank you.How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样?(询问天气)怎样How is the weather in Beijing?北京的天气怎样?相当于Wh

12、ats the weather like in Beijing?(指数量、程度)多少,后接其它形容词或副词,可以构成各类疑问词。How many students are there in your class?你班里有多少学生?(How many多少)How long will you stay here?你要在这儿呆多久?(How long多久)How far is your home from the library? 你家离图书馆有多远?(How far多远)6. by bus/ bike/ plane/ ship/ taxi/ train/ metro/ car/jeep乘坐,注意中

13、间没有the或a/an。例如:I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车上学。= I take a bus to school.我坐公共汽车上学。I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学。=I ride a bike to school.我骑自行车上学。I go to work by car.我开车去上班。= Idrive a car to work.我开车去上班。7. 如何问路及其回答,重点how引导的特殊疑问句的用法,用于问路,其句式为“How do I get to+目的地?”,是问路时常用的表达方式之一,to后面接地点名词,如果后接地点副词here,t

14、here,home时则不用需要加to。其答语根据实际情况来回答。如:-How do I get to the supermarket?我怎样才能到达超市?-You can take the bus.你可以乘公共汽车。- How do I get there?我怎么到那儿呢?- You can get there on foot. Its near here.你可以步行去,很近的。(1).Asking the way(问路) 以zoo为例,来看看有几种问路的句型:-Excuse me,HowdoI get to the zoo?HowdoI get there?-Excuse me, can y

15、ou tell me the way tothe zoo, please?-Can you show me the way tothe zoo?-Wheresthe zoo?-Can you tell me how to get tothe zoo?-Which is the way tothe zoo?(2)常见的指路用语:Go/Walk along .沿着走Turn left/right at .在向左转/右转Get on/off . at .在上/下You can take the . To get there.你可以乘到达那儿。You can see . on your left/ri

16、ght.你能在你的左侧/右侧看到Its next to . /in front of . /behind . /near8. 交际指南在向人问路之前,一般说“Excuse me”,这样一方面可引起对方注意,另一方面又显得比较客气。Excuse me,译成汉语不一定总是“对不起”,此时也可译成“劳驾”“请问”等。而我们学过的“Sorry”也是“对不起”的意思,一般是向别人道歉时用。有时人们在给对方指路后还往往加上一些句子,以表示他的引路信息介绍完毕。如:You cant miss it.(你不会找不到的。)You are sure to get there.(你一定会到达那儿的。)You can

17、t go wrong.(你不会走错的。)Excuse me, how do I get to the bookshop on Moon Street?请问去月亮街的书店怎么走?excuse me是客套话,主要用来引起他人的注意,或因打扰别人而表示歉意。sorry主要是因做错事或说错话而表示歉意,也可以表示委婉的拒绝。9. next to是“紧靠”、“在旁边”的意思。如:The dining room is next to the kitchen.餐厅就在厨房旁边。He sits next to his mother.他挨着他妈妈坐着。beside和next to的区别:beside表示“在旁边

18、”的意思时,其用法与next to差不多。如:My home is next to it.我的家就在旁边。10. get in在这里是“上车”的意思。get in和get on的区别:get in一般用于小汽车、出租车等小型交通工具;而get on一般用于公共汽车、火车、飞机、轮船等大型交通工具。另外,乘坐小型交通工具时,下车时一般用get out of;而乘坐大型交通工具时,下车一般用get off。如:You can get out of the taxi at the park.你可以在公园处下车。You can get off the bus at next stop.你可以在下一站下

19、车。They get in a taxi.他们上了一辆出租车。11. They want to go to City Cinema.他们想去城市电影院。wantto do sth.想做某事,例如:She wants to visit Uncle Wang this Saturday.她这个星期六想去拜访王叔叔。Do you want to go with me?你想跟我一起去吗?12. see a film看电影。看电影,我们通常用see,而看电视我们用watch,看书我们用read,看黑板我们用look at例如: Would you like to see a film with me?

20、你想和我一起看电影吗?I often watch TV on Saturday.我经常星期六看电视。He likes reading books very much.他非常喜欢看书。Look at the picture.Its very beautiful. 看这张画,非常漂亮。We often see grandparents at the weekends.我们经常在周末看望祖父母。13. full意为“满的,饱的”,例如:We pick a lot of apples. Now the basket is full.我们摘了许多苹果。现在篮子满了。The bus is full. 汽车

21、坐满人了。14. There is a bookshop on the street.街上有一家书店。There are too many cars in the street.街上有太多的车子。在街上,可译为:in the street或on the street,两者没有多大区别。in是英式英语,on是美式英语。例如:Dont play football in the street.不要街上踢足球。There are lots of trees on the street.街上有许多树。15. Whats wrong with you?你怎么了?(1)意为“你怎么了” 一般用于医生询问病情

22、,同义句为Whats the matter ?其回答为I have/have got举例:Whats wrong with you ?你怎么了?I have/ have got a cold.我感冒了。I have a toothache/headache/backache. 我牙/头/背痛。My body was all aches and pains.我浑身疼痛。(ache作名词)He has an ache in his/the chest. 他胸部疼痛。(ache作名词)拓展:当主语为第三人称单数时,其回答为:主语+has/has got .Whats wrong with her?她

23、怎么了?She has got a high fever.她发高烧了。当询问对象为你,他/她,他们时,后面为宾格Whats wrong with you/him/her/them?16. 由what引导的建议用语,意为“我应该怎么做?”should为情态动词,此句没有单复数和时态的变化。What should I do?我应该怎么做?You should get up early and do more exercise.你应该早点起床并且多做运动。Should后面加动词原形You should have a rest.你应该好好休息。They should drink some warm w

24、ater.他们应该喝一些温水。来源:学科网ZXXK17. I feel cold . 我感觉冷。 Cold 在这里是形容词, 但是在句子I have a cold 中句cold 是名词,意思是感冒了。18. 现在进行时的肯定句式结构:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式+其他。现在进行时的特殊疑问句式结构:特殊疑问词+be动词(am,is,are)+主语+动词-ing形式+其他?如:My father is cleaning the car.我的爸爸正在洗车。I am helping him.我正在帮助他。来源:Z,xx,k.ComMy mother is cooking b

25、reakfast in the kitchen.我的妈妈正在厨房里做早饭。What are we doing now?我们现在正在做什么?Helen and I are helping her.海伦和我正在帮助她。What are Tim and Jim doing?They are eating fruit in the living room.19. 一般现在时中be动词的用法一般现在时be动词有三种,am,is,are,其中I用am,名词单数或者不可数名词用is,复数we/you/they用are缩略式为:Im,youre,hes,were,theyre否定缩略式Im not, isnt

26、, arent20. Liu Tao comes home from a football match. 刘涛从一场足球赛上回到家。come home from从到家, 如:He comes home from work. 他下班回家。She comes home from the shop.她从商店回到家。21. Im cooking meat with potatoes.我正在做土豆烧肉。meat with potatoes土豆烧肉, 介词用“with”,如:egg soup with tomatoes 西红柿蛋汤22. Liu Tao is looking for some juice

27、in the fridge.look for找,寻找, 如:What are you looking for?你在找什么?Im looking for my pen. 我在找我的钢笔。23. 当问到某个菜味道怎么样时,我们可以用“How”来问,如:How is the meat?肉的味道怎么样?How is the soup?汤的味道怎么样?24. catch butterflies抓蝴蝶catch birds抓鸟catch the bus赶上公交车Sam catches a ladybird from the grapes.山姆从葡萄上抓了一只瓢虫。25. Sams ladybirds dr

28、ive the bad ladybirds and the pests away.山姆的瓢虫把坏瓢虫和害虫赶走了。drive away 把赶走,此处drive意为“驱赶”,以前我们学过的drive意为“驾驶”。如:He drives the mouse away.他把老鼠赶走了。26. The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. 中秋节到了。We spend most of the Spring Festival at home. 春节大部分时间我们在家度过。People eat rice dumplings at the Dragon Boat Festival.

29、人们在端午节吃粽子。Children play firecrackers to celebrate the Spring Festival. 孩子们放鞭炮庆祝春节。The Chinese Lantern Festival is on the 15th of the first lunar month.27. They give their mothers presents. 他们给妈妈送礼物。give sb.sth.意为“送某人某物”,等同于“give sth. to sb.”Joe always gives Jane flowers on her birthday.= Joe always

30、gives flowers to Jane on her birthday. 乔总是在简的生日时给她送花。28. Its Mothers Day today.今天是母亲节。Mothers Day意为“母亲节”,此短语为名词所有格的用法,在表示“某人的。”时,常在名词后加“s”构成,若名词以s结尾的复数形式时,则在其后加“”即“s”如:Children have a lot of fun on Childrens Day.孩子们在儿童节晚的很开心。29.At this festival, people get together with their families.在这个节日,人们和他们家人聚

31、在一起。family意为“家人”时,被看成是复数;意为“家庭”时,被看成是单数。如:My family are watching TV.我的家人在看电视。My family is large.我的家庭是个大家庭。30. Its also Su Yangs birthday.also和too的意思差不多,都表示“也”。also多放在主要动词前面,或系动词be的后面,有时也可以放在其它位置。too多用于句尾。注意:在否定句中,不能用too,需要用either。如:Iam also a student.=Iam astudent, too.我也是一名学生。She likesrunning, too=

32、 She also likes running.她也喜欢跑步。We dont like eating grapes, either.我们也不喜欢吃葡萄。31. Its on the eleventh of May.用序数词表示日期的时候,需要注意使用正确的介词,并需要关注日期的读法。如:Spring Festival isinJanuary or February.春节在一月或者二月。(表示一段时间)Halloween isonOctober 31st.万圣节在10月31日。(表示在某一天)32. We usually have a big dinner with our parents an

33、d grandparents.我们通常和爷爷奶奶爸爸妈妈一起吃一顿大餐。介词with用法和搭配都比较多,下面总结一下我们已经学过的三点:(1)和一起,如:I usually draw in the park with my cousin Tim.我通常和我的堂兄在公园里画画。Liu Tao usually plays football with his friends in the park.刘涛通常与他的朋友在公园里踢足球。(2)有,带着,如:Our English teacher comes in with a book in her hand.我们英语老师带着英语书走进教室。This i

34、s a house with a beautiful garden.这是一个有漂亮花园的房子。(3)使用(有形工具),如:Ieat with chopsticks.我用筷子吃饭。Ieat with a knife and fork.我用刀叉吃饭。33. We have a great time.我们玩得很开心。have a good time= have a great time= have a wonderful time= have a lot of fun= be happy都可以表示为“玩得开心,过得愉快”,如:We have a good time playing games.= W

35、e have a lot of fun playing games.我们玩游戏玩得很开心。34. Thats easy for me.那对我来说很容易了。Sth. is easy for sb.某事对于某人来说很容易了。如:The Maths homework is easy for me.数学作业对我来说太简单了。35. Bobby has the answers. Bobby有答案了。answer既可以作名词也可以作动词。(1)名词 一个答案an answer的答案theanswerto(2)动词 回复,答复回答问题answer the question接电话answer the call

36、36. What a play!什么情况!What a play!不同的语境,意思不一样。在此cartoon time中,当Bobby看到从楼里走出一只肥猫时,让他大吃一惊,也非常失望,所以他说了句What a play!表示惊讶的意思,意为“什么情况”。如果我们对某人的演出表示赞许的话,也可以说What a play!意为“多棒的演出啊!”,play在此是名词,意为“戏剧”。37. They start fighting.他们开始打了起来。start doing sth意为“开始做某事”。表示开始某一动作时,start to do与start doing所表达的意思相同。但start doing多用于表示开始一项较长时间或经常性的活动,如:He starts playing piano.他开始学习钢琴。38. Whens your birthday? Its on the first of March. 你的生日在什么时候?在3月1日。日期的表达法,要学会区分基数词和序数词。表示数目和顺序的词叫做数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。

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