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1、中考英语语法考点01名词概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。 顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall,America它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中那么包括个体名词,如pen, worker它表示单一的个体人或事物。集体名词,如:family, class, team,它表示的是由假设干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:wor
2、k, time它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。种类:专有名词 John, the Communist Party of 普通名词类名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people 物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用:主语 My family is
3、now in New York. 表语 His father is a scientist. 宾语 We love our great motherland. 宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work. 定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只
4、有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English, air, water, cotton, work可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:1. 一般情况加s,如:penpens, doctordoctors, boyboys,其读音规那么是在清辅音后读s,在元音和浊辅音后读z。如:mapmap ,boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:busbuses,classclasses, 其读音为iz。3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为iz。4. 以辅音字母加y结
5、尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作z,如:factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boyboys, daydays。5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以o结尾的那么只加s,如:tomatotomatoes, heroheroes; photophotos, radioradios, pianopianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些
6、例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。7. 不规那么名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice8. 单复同形的名词有:fish, sheep, deer9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s,如:a students room, students
7、 rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s,如:a twenty minutes walk.但无生命名词的所有格那么必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers随堂练习:( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need s
8、ome more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. lea
9、fs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 10 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news