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1、提纲式命题作文提纲式命题作文Directions:In this section,you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not?Your composition should be based on the outline given below.Your composition should be at least 120 words.Outline:1、有人赞成个人买车。2、也有人持相反观点。3、你的看法。Should People Own Cars or Not?Should Peo
2、ple own Cars or not?Now having a car is more and more popular,so many familys want to buy a car.They think its useful.Some youngs think its cool,and many people think its convenent when they have a private car.They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time.Its save the time.An
3、d they also can drive the car go wherever they want to.A family can have a travel togethter.Its comfortable.In a word,they can improve the quality of their life with a car.Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic.It can lead the development of many industries.Its good for ou
4、r countrys developing.作文评分原则及标准作文评分原则及标准14分分 漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，连贯性好，基本上语言连贯，连贯性好，基本上语言无误无误。11分分清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有贯，但有少量语言错误少量语言错误。8分分马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，相当多，其中一些是严重错误其中一些是严重错误。5分分糊里糊涂：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，糊里糊涂：基本切题，
5、表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有连贯性差，有较多的严重语法错误较多的严重语法错误。2分分一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，或大部分句子离破碎，或大部分句子都有错误，且多数为严都有错误，且多数为严重错误重错误。Praise,An Important Gift Some people think that critism can change ones view of life.However,many people argue that praise is more important.In my opinion,praise is more profi
6、table than critism.Praise is like fresh air,without it,our life will become uninteresting and inhappy.Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot,but,the receiver can learn much.There are many people who succeed at last with a praise,Take myself for example.Though it happened a long time ago,I remem
7、ber it clearly.It was a sports meeting and I attend it.At first,I was very confident and thought I was the best of them,so I had no training.The truth was,during the race,many students left me behind.Then I want to give up and was frustrated.Fortunately,my PE teacher came and patted on my back:”As l
8、ong as you stick to continue,success will belong to you.I believe you,come on!”He said with a smile.You know,I improved dramatically and won the prize.So,praise is an important gift.试评分！写作对策写作对策内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点作文结构层次是否清晰作文结构层次是否清晰语言表达是否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻语言表达是否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻辑错误辑错误是否能恰当的使用过渡性词
9、语是否能恰当的使用过渡性词语作文字数是否达到要求作文字数是否达到要求卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮写作体裁议论文议论文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文议论文开头开头常用句式Recently,theproblemofhasarousedpeoplesconcern.hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Ithasbroughtalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.Nowadays,hasbecomeaproblemwehavetoface.I
10、tiscommonlybelievedthat/ItisacommonbeliefthatManypeopleinsistthatWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepeoplebelievethatAlotofpeopleseemtothinkthat议论文结尾结尾常用句式Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wefinallycometotheconclusionthatTakingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemayreasonablycometothe
11、conclusionthatHence/Therefore,wedbetterarriveattheconclusionthatThereisnodoubtthat(job-hopping)hasitsdrawbacksaswellasmerits.Allinall,wecannotlivewithoutButatthesametime,wemusttrytofindoutnewwaystocopewiththeproblemsthatwouldarise.写作类型写作类型原因类原因类（现象解释型）（现象解释型）观点类对立观点观点类对立观点（对比选择型）（对比选择型）办法类办法类（问题解决型）
12、（问题解决型）提问类提问类（视情况而定）（视情况而定）观点类事物性质观点类事物性质利弊类利弊类批驳类批驳类观点论证类观点论证类各种类型的写作方法各种类型的写作方法 现现象象解解释释型型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。对对比比选选择择型型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。问题解决型问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。观观点点论论证证型型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观
13、点的正确性)。三段式作文的结构安排三段式作文的结构安排表明对立表明对立的双方观的双方观点点表明个人态度表明个人态度及理由及理由总结重申自己的立总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展场，联系现实，展望未来。望未来。号召行动。号召行动。以事实论证，举例论以事实论证，举例论证，因果论证，反面证，因果论证，反面论证等方式进行论证论证等方式进行论证总结重申自己的立总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展场，联系现实，展望未来。望未来。表达个人观点InmyopinionFrommypointofviewAsfarasIamconcerned,Asforme,Icannotentirelyagreewiththeidea
14、thatPersonally,IamstandingonthesideofFinally,tospeakfrankly,thereisalsoamorepracticalreasonwhyIsincerelybelievethat论证方法论证方法论点：反面论证反面论证举例论证举例论证事实论证事实论证 因果论证因果论证论 证方 法大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作举例论证举例论证：forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustrationIcanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthispointthan.Itcanmanife
15、stitselfbestinItisnotnecessarytocitealltheexamplesofthispoint,butsufficeittomentionAgoodcaseinpointis.图图 画画 作作 文文事实论证：NoonecandenythefactthatThereisnodenyingthefactthat.ItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatItisobvious/evidentthatItiscommonsayingthatAsweallknow,.Asisshowninarecentsurvey,.Accordingtoarecent
16、survey,.大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作Thefollowingreasonsmayberesponsiblefor.Therearetwomainreasonsaccountingforthephenomenon.除了下面两个原因，没有更好的了。除了下面两个原因，没有更好的了。Icanthinkofnobetterreasonsforthephenomenonotherthanthefollowingtwo.Severalfactors,bothindividualandsocial,couldaccountforthenegativephenomenon.Obviously,ava
17、rietyofcomplicatedfactorscontributetothephenomenon,withthefollowingonebeingtheforemost.很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下面的是最有代表性的。而下面的是最有代表性的。17图图 画画 作作 文文原因论证常用过渡句原因论证常用过渡句大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作Whydid?ForonethingForanotherPerhapstheprimaryreasonisIquiteagreewiththestatementthatThereasonsarec
18、hieflyasfollows.原因论证常用过渡句原因论证常用过渡句AsaresultTherefore,.,whichhasbroughtabout./whichwillcontributeto.19图图 画画 作作 文文结果论证常用过渡句：结果论证常用过渡句：大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作图图 画画 作作 文文反面论证（1句）：1.要是没有的话，我们就不会取得一个一个伟大的成就2.没能做到.的人必将在处事中出于不利的位置大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作原因类Harmfulness of Fake Commodities1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake
19、 commodities)。为什么会有这。为什么会有这种现象种现象?2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。社会等的危害。Nowadays a lot of fake commodities floodinto the market and do great harm to theconsumersandthewholesociety.Why are there so many fake commodities?Thefirstreason,inmymind,isthatsomepeopledreamofearningalargesumofmone
20、yeasilyandquickly.Furthermore,thegeneralsocialatmosphereissomewhatunhealthy-manypeopleattachgreatimportancetomoneyinsteadofhonesty.Lastbutnotleast,somegovernmentofficialsarenotdoingtheirjobs.Harmfulness of Fake Commodities The harmfulness of fake commodities hasbecomemorethanobviousatthemoment.First
21、ofall,Theconsumersarethedirectvictims,theyspend money buying unqualified and evenuseless products.In the second place,theauthentic producers also suffer great loss.Thirdly,fake commodities may even bedangerous sometimes,such as fake food andmedicine,whichareathreattopeopleshealth.Consequently,itishi
22、ghtimethatwemadegreateffortstoputanendtofakecommodities.观点类对立观点My View on Opportunity1 有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。认为人人都会有某种机会。2 我的看法我的看法3 结论结论My View on Opportunity Whenitcomestoopportunity,peoplesopinionsdiffer.Somepeoplethinkthattherearefewopportunitiesintheworld,whileothersargu
23、ethateverybodywillhavesomekindofopportunityalonghisliferoute.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Foronething,Ifirmlybelieveopportunities are everywhere around us.Noperson will be unlucky enough to have noopportunitiesallthetime,becauseeverydoghashisday”.Foranother,sinceopportunitiesare tr
24、ansient,we have to make goodpreparationsandimproveourselves.Justthinkof Newton,who discovered the Law ofGravitationwhenmanypeoplehadwatchedanapplefallingaheadofthem.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablydrawtheconclusionthattherearequiteafewopportunitiesaroundus.Onlyifwegetpreparedcanweseizet
25、heopportunitiesinsteadoflettingthemslipby,justasanoldsayinggoes,opportunitiesareonlyforthepreparedminds”.办法类(个人问题)How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1 面试在求职过程中的作用面试在求职过程中的作用2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是How to Succeed in a Job Interview Ajobinterviewisvitaltothej
26、ob-huntingprocessinthatifyouaresuccessfulinit,youstandagoodchanceoffinalobtainingtheidealjob.Thenhowcanwesucceedinjobinterview?Inthefirstplace,youshoulddressandbehaveproperlyinordertoleaveagoodfirstimpressionontheinterviewer.Inthesecondplace,when it comes to talking,you should speak of your expertis
27、e andspecialabilitiesclearlyandhonestly.Whatsmore,self-confidenceisalsoanimportantfactor,tellingtheinterviewerthatyouwillfacethechallengewheneveryouencounterdifficulties.Youwillsucceedinajobinterviewaslongasyouputtheaboveprinciplesintopractice.Asaresult,youwillprobablyobtainthejobyouhavebeendreaming
28、of.提问类Should College Marriage be permitted?1 关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里兴起。兴起。2 我对这一现象的看法。我对这一现象的看法。Anationaldebatehassprunguponwhethercollegemarriageshouldbepermitted.Manypeoplestronglyopposethepermissionofcollegemarriage.Theyholdthatthechieftaskforcollegestudentsistostudy,andmarriage will
29、 distract their attention and occupy a lot of time.Moreover,studentsarenoteconomicallyindependent,somarriagewillcausealotofproblemssuchasfuturejobhuntingandhousing.Inaword,theybelievemarriagewilllargelyhinderbothpresentstudyandfuturework.From my perspective,I think college marriage should bepermitte
30、dbutbepracticedwithextremecare.Foronething,therightofcollegestudentsshouldberespected,astheyareadults.Foranother,therestrictionontheageofstudentswasdoneawaywithin2001,andmanyelderstudentsattenduniversities.Lastbutnottheleast,thetimeincollegeissopreciousthateverystudentwillthinktwicebeforetheygetmarr
31、ied.Undoubtedly,fewstudentswillever get married after college marriage is permitted,but theauthorityshouldgrantthemtheright.Should College Marriage be permitted?观点类事物性质My View on Double BA Degree1 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见2 我对这一现象的看法我对这一现象的看法My View on Double BA Degree Recently it has become a
32、commonphenomenon for college students to havetwomajorsatthesametime.Inthisway,theycangetdoubleBAdegreeswhentheygraduate from the university several yearslater.Althoughitmaybringunfavorableconsequences,we can be sure to conclude that this practice isfavorableonthewhole.Tobeginwith,moststudentswillbec
33、omemorehardworkingandefficientinordertofinishthelearningtaskssatisfactorily.Moreover,withtwodegreesathandaftergraduation,theywillstandabetter chance in the job market full of fiercecompetition.Inthethirdplace,asfortodaysuniversitystudents,tuitionandfeesarebecomingmoreandmoreexpensive.Iftheycanmakeac
34、hievementsinstudyatschoolandfindasatisfactoryjobafterwards,itwillnotbeabigproblem.Weighingtheprosandconsofsuchanew trend,we can naturally arrive at theconclusionthatitisbeneficialandrewarding.This system not only compelsstudents to work hard,but also preparesthemforthecomingcompetition.认为，主张认为，主张arg
35、ue,maintain,hold,believe考虑考虑takeintoconsideration,consider,thinkover,reflecton认为，思考，考虑认为，思考，考虑think下结论，断定下结论，断定cometotheconclusion,arriveattheconclusion,conclude,decide,assert断定断定judge获得获得acquire,obtain,attain,reap赢得，取得赢得，取得earn,gain得到得到get支持，赞成支持，赞成approveof,infavorof,standbyonesside,agreewith,提倡提倡
36、advocate,recommend支持支持support利弊子类The Golden Week1 黄金周给大学生带来的好处黄金周给大学生带来的好处2 黄金周给大学生带来的弊端黄金周给大学生带来的弊端3 我应当怎样过好黄金周我应当怎样过好黄金周The Golden Week ThegoldenweekNationalDayholidayhasbroughtalotofbenefitstocollegestudentseversincethebeginning.First,itgivesstudentstimetotakearestaftermonthsofhardwork.Second,the
37、ycanconductsocialactivitiestocombinebookknowledgewithpractice.Third,theycanalsousethispreciousweektomakeprogressinstudyorcarryoutspecializedresearch.Thoughitdoesgoodtocollegestudentsinmanyways,thegoldenweekcannevertobesaidtobringnoproblems.Foronething,manystudentseatandsleeptoomuchduringthevacation,
38、whichareharmfultotheirhealth.Foranother,quiteafewstudentsspendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogamesorgoingsightseeing.Howcantheymakeprogressintheirstudyiftheydonotcherishtimeatall?Inordertomakegooduseofthegoldenweek,Iformthehabitofmakingaconcreteplanbeforeitcomes.Ontheonehand,Ialwayssetasideenoughtimeforrevi
39、ewinglessonsandreadingrelevantliterature.Ontheotherhand,IusuallygotowatchamovieandlistentoaconcertattheGrandOpera.Bycarefullyplanningmytime,Iamconfidenttospendameaningfulgoldenweek.反对反对oppose,objectto抵制抵制resist反对反对saynoto意义深远的意义深远的far-reaching,profound,significant重要的重要的important充分运用充分运用optimize,make
40、best/fulluseof,使用使用employ,utilize使用使用use好处，优点好处，优点advantage,merit,benefit坏处，缺点坏处，缺点disadvantage,defect,flaw,drawback,deficiency好处好处goodside重要的，有重要的，有 决定性的决定性的vital,crucial,critical,decisive应用应用apply坏处坏处badside批驳类My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad1 现在有很多青少年出国留学现在有很多青少年出国留学2 有些人认为这种做法是有益的有些人认为这种做法是有
41、益的3 我认为这种观点是不对的我认为这种观点是不对的My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad Recentlyitseemsthatamongthestudentswhochoosetostudyabroad,therearemoreandmoreteenagerswhostudyinhighschoolsorevenelementaryschools.Many people,especially the parents,think it willcertainlydogoodtotheirchildrenbecausetheindependentlife wi
42、ll make them learn confidence and perseverance.Moreover,thequalityofoverseaseducationisoftenhigher,thus the child stands a better chanceof entering a betteruniversityandgettingabetterjobinthefuture.Aftercarefulconsideration,Ihavetosaytheabove view is more than biased.On the onehand,early independent
43、 life is not necessarilygood,ifthechildcannotreceiveproperguidanceandtendercarefrombothteachersandparents.Ontheotherhand,theeducationalqualityisalsoa question too many foreign schools aim atearning money.When the children come back,who can guarantee that they can adapt to thefiercecompetitionhere?We
44、canseeclearlythatalthoughteenagersstudying abroad may bring favorable results,there are still a lot to worry about.It seemsnecessaryforyoungstudentstomakeacarefulinvestigationbeforegoingabroad.把把看做，当做看做，当做regardas,consideras,lookonas,treatas,viewas把把看做，当做看做，当做seeas全面的，彻底的全面的，彻底的utter,thorough完全的完全的c
45、omplete起作用起作用解释解释难以置信的，难以置信的，惊人的惊人的playarole,perform,function,serve,playapart解释解释explainaccountfor,illustrate,clarifyfantastic,incredible,unbelievable,exceptional,extraordinary,marvelous,amazing,astonishing起作用起作用work惊人的，极好的惊人的，极好的great,surprising勤奋的，勤勉的勤奋的，勤勉的diligent,industrious勤奋的勤奋的hardworking认真的
46、，谨慎的认真的，谨慎的conscientious,cautious认真的认真的careful,serious冷静的，清醒地冷静的，清醒地sober,reasonable,sensible,rational聪明的聪明的bright,intelligent,wise,brilliant平静的平静的calm适应适应beadaptedto,beaccustomedto,beadjustedto集中精力于集中精力于focuson,centeron,concentrateon聪明的聪明的clever适应适应beusedto专心于专心于setonesmindon注意注意Payonesattentionto常
47、用句式和常用表达列举：foronething,foranother,finally,besides,moreover,oneanother,stillanother,first,second,then,also,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,next,aboveall,lastbutnottheleast,firstandmostimportant举例：forexample,forinstance,oneexampleis,besides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,acaseinpoint,that
48、is,incidentally,asanillustration,suchas,infact,ingeneral,inparticular,toillustrate,namely定义：referto,call,mean比较a.相似的比较：likewise,incomparison,similarly,inthesamemannerb.相反的比较：ontheotherhand,conversely,onthecontrary,whereas,instead,incontrast,nevertheless,comparedwith表示时间：later,next,then,finally,atlas
49、t,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeanwhile/meantime,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,assoonas,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,afterawhile,now表示方位和顺序：before,behind,below,beneath,between,here,there,where,beyond,nearby,under,ab
50、ove,over,ontheright(left),in(the)frontof,atthebackof,inthemiddleof,atthebottomof,oppositeto,nextto表示概要和结论：inaword,inshort,inbrief,tosumup,onthewhole,byandlarge,allinall,sofar,therefore,thus,insummary,inconclusion,toconclude,tosummarize,toendwith列出解决办法的常用句式列出解决办法的常用句式Herearesomesuggestionsforhandling