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1、 2023考研：历年英语翻译真题 2023考研：历年英语翻译真题(1) 2023年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析 Section IV English-Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Governments throughout th
2、e world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 1) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational resea
3、rch experts. 2) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly comp
4、elled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order
5、to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scienti
6、fic and technological manpower of all kinds. 3) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. A
7、t the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 4) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization - with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that fo
8、llowed - was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 5) Addi
9、tional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements - themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and soc
10、ial scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. 答案解析 Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 1. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中心掌握，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的帮助。 2. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率亲密相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的”努力。 3. 群众通讯的显著进展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述缘由，政府经常得
11、推出更多的革新。 4. 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会构造变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个进展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。 5. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流淌(现代交通工具使这种流淌相对简单)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 2023考研：历年英语翻译真题(2) 1999年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析 Section IV English-Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate underline
12、d sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) 1) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant ev
13、ents of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is t
14、hat its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 2) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While
15、history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by
16、the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 3) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inhe
17、rently ambiguous in the historical profession. 4) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research
18、 interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 5) It applies equally to trad
19、itional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 答案解析 Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 1. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。 2. 人们之所以关注历史讨论的方法论，主要是由于史学界内部意见不一，其次是由于外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 3. 在这种转变中，历史学家讨论历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史讨论方法。 4. 所谓方法论是指一般的历史讨论中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个详细领域适用的讨论手段，人们对此意见不一。 5. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的讨论是详细方法的讨论。 【2023考研：历年英语翻译真题】