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1、 2023年GMAT考试逻辑推理试题训练 TEST A Time 30 minutes 20 Questions 1. Mr. Janeck: I dont believe Stevenson will win the election for governor. Few voters are willing to elect a businessman with no political experience to such a responsible public office. Ms. Siuzdak: Youre wrong. The experience of running a m
2、ajor corporation is a valuable preparation for the task of running a state government. M. Siuzdaks response shows that she has interpreted Mr. Janecks remark to imply which of the following? (A) Mr. Janeck considers Stevenson unqualified for the office of governor. (B) No candidate without political
3、 experience has ever been elected governor of a state. (C) Mr. Janeck believes that political leadership and business leadership are closely analogous. (D) A career spent in the pursuit of profit can be an impediment to ones ability to run a state government fairly. (E) Voters generally overestimate
4、 the value of political experience when selecting a candidate. 2. Which of the following best completes the passage below? One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent years is the flat tax, which would impose a uniform tax rate on incomes at every level. Opponents of the fla
5、t tax say that a progressive tax system, which levies a higher rate of taxes on higher-income taxpayers, is fairer, placing the greater burden on those better able to bear it. However, the present crazy quilt of tax deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes benefits primarily the high-income ta
6、xpayer, who is consequently able to reduce his or her effective tax rate, often to a level below that paid by the lower-income taxpayer. Therefore, _ (A) higher-income taxpayers are likely to lend their support to the flat-tax proposal now being considered by Congress (B) a flat-tax system that allo
7、wed no deductions or exemptions would substantially increase actual government revenues (C) the lower-income taxpayer might well be penalized by the institution of a flat-tax system in this country (D) the progressive nature of our present tax system is more illusory than real (E) the flat tax would
8、 actually be fairer to the lower-income taxpayer than any progressive tax system could be 3. As part of our program to halt the influx of illegal immigrants, the administration is proposing the creation of a national identity card. The card would be available only to U.S. citizens and to registered
9、aliens, and all persons would be required to produce the card before they could be given a job. Of course, such a system holds the potential, however slight, for the abuse of civil liberties. Therefore, all personal information gathered through this system would be held strictly confidential, to be
10、released only by authorized personnel under appropriate circumstances. Those who are in compliance with U.S. laws would have nothing to fear from the identity card system.In evaluating the above proposal, a person concerned about the misuse of confidential information would be most interested in hav
11、ing the author clarify the meaning of which of the following phrases? (A) “all persons” (line 5) (B) “however slight” (line 7) (C) “civil liberties” (line 8) (D) “appropriate circumstances” (line 11) (E) “U.S. laws” (line 2) 4. At one time, European and Japanese companies tried to imitate their Amer
12、ican rivals. Today, American appliance manufacturers import European scientists to lead their research staffs; American automakers design cars that mimic the styling of German, Italian, and French imports; and American electronics firms boast in their advertising of “Japanese-style” devotion to qual
13、ity and reliability. In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige.Each of the following statements, if true, would help to support the claim above EXCEPT: (A) An American camera company claims in its promotional literature to produce cameras “as fine as the
14、 best Swiss imports.” (B) An American maker of stereo components designs its products to resemble those of a popular Japanese firm. (C) An American manufacturer of video games uses a brand name chosen because it sounds like a Japanese word. (D) An American maker of televisions studies German-made te
15、levisions in order to adopt German manufacturing techniques (E) An American maker of frozen foods advertises its dinners as “Real European-style entrees prepared by fine French and Italian chefs.” 5. Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinsons poetry often distorte
16、d her intentions. Yet Johnsons own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinsons often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in
17、 print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.Which of the following best summarizes the authors main point? (A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinsons early editors for their dis
18、tortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions. (B) Johnsons use of the dash in his text of Dickinsons poetry misleads readers about the poets intentions. (C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter
19、 to her intentions. (D) Although Johnsons attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinsons poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness. (E) Dickinsons editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinsons handwr
20、itten manuscripts. 6. A law requiring companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children will harm the economic competitiveness of our nations businesses. Companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations.Which of the followi
21、ng, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion of the argument above? (A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country. (B) Many businesses in this country already offer employees some form of parental leave. (C) Some of the countries with
22、 the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations. (D) Only companies with one hundred or more employees would be subject to the proposed parental-leave law. (E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law. 7. If A, then B.
23、If B, then C. If C, then D. If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true? (A) If D, then A. (B) If not B, then not C. (C) If not D, then not A. (D) If D, then E. (E) If not A, then not D. 8. Dear Applicant: Thank you for your application. Unfortunately, we are un
24、able to offer you a position in our local government office for the summer. As you know, funding for summer jobs is limited, and it is impossible for us to offer jobs to all those who want them. Consequently, we are forced to reject many highly qualified applicants. Which of the following can be inf
25、erred from the letter? (A) The number of applicants for summer jobs in the government office exceeded the number of summer jobs available. (B) The applicant who received the letter was considered highly qualified. (C) Very little funding was available for summer jobs in the government office. (D) Th
26、e application of the person who received the letter was considered carefully before being rejected. (E) Most of those who applied for summer jobs were considered qualified for the available positions. 9. Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupan
27、t of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the drivers carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all. Which of the following is an assumption und
28、erlying the reasoning in the passage above? (A) In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault. (B) Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents. (C) Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather t
29、han by pedestrians. (D) Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles. (E) Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents. Questions 10-11 are based on the following As one who has always be
30、lieved that truth is our nations surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to da
31、mage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging Americas political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologist
32、s that the fire department finds water more effective. 10. The author of the passage above bases his conclusion on which of the following? (A) A circular definition of “disinformation” (B) An example of the ineffectiveness of lying as a weapon in the propaganda war (C) An analogy between truth and w
33、ater (D) An appeal to the authority of the fire department (E) An attack on the character of American intelligence agents in Western Europe 11. The authors main point is that (A) although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds (B) Americas moral standing
34、in the world depends on its adherence to the truth (C) the temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses (D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage Americas standing in Europe (E) disinformation campaigns do not effectively
35、serve the political interests of the United States 12. Are you still reading the other newspaper in town? Did you know that the Daily Bugle is owned by an out-of-town business syndicate that couldnt care less about the people of Gotham City? Read the Daily Clarion, the only real voice of the people
36、of Gotham City!Which of the following most directly refutes the argument raised in the advertisement above? (A) Over half of the advertising revenues of the Daily Clarion come from firms whose headquarters are located outside of Gotham City. (B) The Daily Clarion usually devotes more of its pages to
37、 out-of-town news than does the Daily Bugle. (C) Nearly 40 percent of the readers of the Daily Clarion reside outside the limits of Gotham City. (D) The editor-in-chief and all the other members of the editorial staff of the Daily Bugle have lived and worked in Gotham City for ten years or more. (E)
38、 The Daily Bugle has been published in Gotham City for a longer time than has the Daily Clarion. Questions 13-14 are based on the following. The earths resources are being depleted much too fast. To correct this, the United States must keep its resource consumption at present levels for many years t
39、o come. 13. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? (A) Per capita resource consumption in the United States is at an all-time high. (B) The United States wastes resources. (C) The United States uses more resources than any other country. (D) The United States imports most
40、of the resources it uses. (E) Curbing U.S. resource consumption will significantly retard world resource depletion. 14. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above? (A) New resource deposits are constantly being discovered. (B) The United States consumes one-third of al
41、l resources used in the world. (C) Other countries need economic development more than the United States does. (D) Other countries have agreed to hold their resource consumption at present levels. (E) The United States has been conserving resources for several years. 15. Alba: I dont intend to vote
42、for Senator Frank in the next election. She is not a strong supporter of the war against crime. Tam: But Senator Frank sponsored the latest anticrime law passed by the Senate. Alba: If Senator Frank sponsored it, it cant be a very strong anticrime law. Which of the following identifies the most seri
43、ous logical flaw in Albas reasoning? (A) The facts she presents do not support her conclusion that Senator Frank is soft on crime. (B) She assumes without proof that crime is the most important issue in the upcoming election. (C) She argues in a circle, using an unsupported assertion to dismiss conf
44、licting evidence. (D) She attacks Senator Frank on personal grounds rather than on he merit as a political leader. (E) In deciding not to vote for Senator Frank, she fails to consider issues other than crime. 16. Which of the following best completes the passage below?the most serious flaw in televi
45、sions coverage of election campaigns is its tendency to focus on the horse-race side of politicsthat is, to concentrate on the question “Whos winning?” at the expense of substantive coverage of the issues and the candidates positions on them. The endless interviews with campaign managers, discussion
46、s of campaign strategies, and, especially, the obsession with opinion polls have surrounded elections with the atmosphere of a football game or a prizefight. To reform this situation, a first step might well be_ (A) a shortening of the length of election campaigns to a period of six weeks (B) a stri
47、ngent limit on campaign spending (C) a reduction in the television coverage of opinion polls during election campaigns (D) the publication and distribution of voter-education literature to inform the public about each candidates position on the major issues (E) a limit on the length and number of political advertisements broadcast on television 17. With Proposition 13, if you bought your house 11 years ago for $75,000, your prop