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1、Unit 1 Exercises(1)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.As with series resonance,the greater the resistance in thecircuit the lower the Q and,accordingly,the flatter andbroader the resonance curve of either line current or circuitimpedance.对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。2.
2、A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same andweighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying acurrent.一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change thepulse repetition rate,or directly enter a new value of theperiod in the provided dialogue box,while
3、keeping thepulse width unchanged.在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。4.Electronics is the science and the technology of thepassage of charged particles in a gas,in a vacuum,or in asemiconductor.Please note that particle motion confinedwithin a metal only is not considered electronics.
4、电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in ourability to use electronic properties to process information,but software and data processing aspects have notdeveloped at the same speed.硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。
5、6.However,in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect oftransistor parameter variation,other than Ico,may bepractically eliminated if the operation point of each stageis adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation rangeof the transistor as temperature varies.然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度
6、变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ic。以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。(2)Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate choice.1.A message signal can any amplitude valuebetween 0 and A volts.A.assume B.use C.receive D.accept2.Each time a positive clock edge occurs,the flip-flopchanges state,leading to half as many pulses at the o
7、utputto the clock input.A.as B.compared C.due D.so as3.In the previous section we discussed sine-wave or CWmodulation systems in which the modulating signalof a digital pulse train.A.made B.consisted C.contained D.got4.In this book we shall emphasize the limitations imposedon the information transmi
8、tted by the system throughwhich it was and shall attempt some comparisonof different systems.A.put B.traveled C.passed D.viewed5.This signal either does not change,or it changesby an amount equivalent to one or more quantum steps.A.interruptedly B.rudely C.abruptly D.absolutely6.We shall only be wit
9、h logical representations,notabsolute valuesA.interestedB.caring C.referred D.concerned(3)Choose the phrase that is closest in meaning to theunderlined part.1.It is all too easy with linear circuits,which appearrelatively simple when compared with todays complexlogic arrangements,to ignore detailed
10、performanceparameters which can drastically reduce the expectedperformance.A.which has bad influence upon the system performanceB.which is important to ensure circuit linearityC.which is possible to enhance the system performanceD.which is crucial for maintaining the desiredperformance2.Therefore th
11、ere will be a slight time delay,due to thepropagation delay of the flip-flops between the time oneflip-flop changes state and the time the next one changesstate,i.e.,the change of state ripples through the counter,and these counters are therefore called ripple counters.A.the state change is propagat
12、ed through the counter likeripplesB.the state changes cause ripples in the counterC.passing through the counter,the state ripple changesD.the state of the counter changes due to ripples3.Instead of triggering on each pulse,a phase lock techniqueexamines the relative phase between each oscillator and
13、many of its sync pulses and adjusts oscillator frequency sothat the average phase discrepancy is small.A.checks each oscillator for many sync pulsesB.checks the phase relationship between individualoscillators and a collection of sync pulsesC.looks at the relations between the phase and the syncpuls
14、esD.examines whether the phase is relative to the oscillatorand the sync pulses4.By keeping the off state slightly below threshold,the delaybetween the applied electrical pulse and the resultingoptical output pulse is minimized;this delay must indeednot be more than the bit interval so that the opti
15、cal pulsecan accurately reproduce the input signal.A.ensuring that the system is off the threshold by a smallmarginB.maintaining the systems shut-down state somewhatbelow a prescribed levelC.making sure the system is below its threshold so that thestate is kept offD.keeping the system in a shut-down
16、 state that is under agiven level with a tiny tolerance5.If the original signal is well behaved,the local oscillatorwill need very little information to be able to track,andthat information can be obtained by averaging for a longperiod of time,thereby eliminating noise that could bevery large.A.the
17、LO will not require any information in order to keeptrackingB.the LO will make use of tracking information that isscarce in the systemC.the LO will require some information,but not much,sothat the system can trackD.the LO will use no information other than some littleone to maintain tracking6.The th
18、ird section describes quantization schemes that takeaccount of the characteristics of speech.A.take measure of the speech characteristicsB.take the speech characteristics into considerationC.count the speech characteristicsD.make use of the speech characteristics7.In a properly designed DC amplifier
19、 the effect of transistorparameter variation may be practically eliminated if theoperating point of each stage is adjusted so that it remainsin the linear operation range of the transistor astemperature varies.A.the effective variation of the transistor parametersB.the effort to change transistor pa
20、rametersC.the transistor parameters that effectively changeD.the results caused by transistor parameter changes8.Stability and repeatability are fundamental attributes ofdigital circuits,however,and the necessary accuracy canbe obtained in a digital version of the modulator by anappropriate choice o
21、f word length to represent the signals.A.by expressing the signals with a suitable word lengthB.by using a word long enough to describe the signalsC.by choose to characterize the signals in terms of wordlength appropriatelyD.by appropriately representing the signals to choose alength of wordsUnit 2
22、Exercises(1)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.If analog signals are to be transmitted digitally,they firsthave to be sampled at a specified rate and furtherconverted to discrete amplitude samples by quantization.如果要以数字方式传输模拟信号，首先必须以一定的频率对信号进行采样，然后通过量化进一步将它们转换为离散的幅度样本。2.Linear filters
23、amplify or attenuate selected spatialfrequencies,can achieve such effects as smoothing andsharpening,and usually form the basis of re-sampling andboundary detection algorithms.线性滤波器放大或衰减选择的空间频率，能够实现像平滑和锐化这些效果，通常是重采样和边缘检测算法的基础。3.Stability and repeatability are fundamental attributes ofdigital circuit
24、s,however,and the necessary accuracy canbe obtained in a digital version of the modulator by anappropriate choice of word length to represent the signals.不过稳定性和可重复性是数字电路的基本性质，在数字式调制器中必要的精度可通过适当地选择代表信号的字长而获得。4.The first observation is made on the fundamentalrelationship between the nature of system a
25、nd theperiodicity of its frequency response:a continuous systemhas an aperiodic frequency response,while a discretesystem has a periodic frequency response.从系统性质和它频率响应的周期性之间的基本关系中首先可以看到：连续系统有非周期性的频率响应，而离散系统有周期性的频率响应。5.The main function of the receiver is to extract the inputmessage signal from the d
26、egraded version of thetransmitted signal coming from the channel.接收器的主要功能是从由信道传输来的退化了的信号中提取出输入消息。(2)Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning tothe underlined part.1.Roughly speaking,the transistor can be likened to anelectronically controlled valve whereby energy applied toone connection
27、 of the valve enables energy to flowbetween two other connections.A.relatedB.linkedC.analogizedD.viewed2.While third party design tools were available,there wasnot an effective link from the third party design tools to thelayout and actual semiconductor process performancecharacteristics of the vari
28、ous ASIC manufacturers.A.WhenB.AlthoughC.AsD.Since3.These steps,implemented with a level of skill common inthe industry,almost always produce a final device thatcorrectly implements the original design,unless flaws arelater introduced by the physical fabrication process.A.practiced using skills gene
29、rally available in the industryB.commonly performed at levels of skilled personnel inthe industryC.realized with the skillful common level in the industryD.carried out by skills commonly used in the industry4.A second major step would be to develop designspecifications that consider the functionalit
30、y of the humanwith the same degree of care that has been given to the restof the system.A.develop design procedures to account for the humanbehavior and activitiesB.promote design arrangements and take the humanfactors into considerationC.make used of design steps that respect the humanfunctionality
31、D.draft and effect design requirements that take intoaccount the human functionality5.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change thepulse repetition rate or directly enter a new value of theperiod in the provided dialogue box,keeping the pulsewidth unchanged.A.simply type a new period value i
32、n the given dialogueboxB.direct an entry for the new period value to the dialogueboxC.point a straightforward new period value to the dialoguebox providedD.enter a direction of a new period value to provide adialogue box6.Compared with most of the textbooks at the introductorylevel of RF analog desi
33、gn,this book presents somehands-on experiences on 由e design issues that really workand has been proved by manufactured chips.A.this book provides some experiences at hand on theissues encountered in designB.this book provides some actually working experiencesabout the design problemsC.this book pres
34、ents some available experiences over thedesign problemsD.this book presents some issues concerning designexperiences that are handed over7.For a decade there has been a search for a programmableprocessor which,given the cost and volume constraints,isgeneral enough to be programmed with differentalgo
35、rithms.A.with controlled measures of price and magnitudeB.given the condition of risk and numberC.given the constants of charge and weightD.given the limits of price and size8.In a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistorparameter variation,other than Ico,may be practicallyeliminated
36、if the operating point of each stage is adjustedso that it remains in the linear operation range of thetransistor as temperature varies.A.transistorB.amplifierC.IcoD.parameterUnit 3 Exercises(1)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.A very commonly used method of microwavemeasurements is b
37、ased on the study of a standing wavepattern formed along the line because of the interference ofincident and reflected waves.一个很常用的微波测量方法是基于对驻波图型的研究，这种驻波是由入射波和反射波之间的干涉而沿着传输线形成的。2.Computations show a reduction of 6dB in the EM fieldintensity with the distance doubled,and an increase of 3dBin the inte
38、nsity with the transmitted power doubled.Thisresult provides verification to the algorithm used.计算表明，当距离增大一倍时，电磁场强度减小6分贝；而发射功率增大一倍时，场强则增加3分贝。这一结果验证了所用算法的正确性。3.Like transfer of heat by conduction,convection andradiation,microwave heating can be considered as anothermode of heat transfer,in which heat
39、 is produced directly atthe location of the dielectric losses.就像通过传导、对流、辐射来传递热量一样，微波加热可以看作热传递的另一种方式，即热量直接产生于发生介电损耗的地方。4.Operation of the radar is based on the measurement of thetime it takes for a pulse transmitted from an antenna to getreflected by the object to be detected and to return at theante
40、nna and the receiver.雷达的工作是基于对天线发出的脉冲被所要探测的目标反射，（然后）回到天线和接收机所需时间的测量。5.Other motivations for using CAD in circuit design includesthe wish to acquire confidence in a design that wasaccomplished by other means,and,not least in importance,a sense of curiosity or perhaps a desire to discover theunexpecte
41、d.在电路设计中使用CAD的其它动机包括：想要验证用别的方法设计出来的电路；满足好奇心或者可能是想发现预想不到的现象。后一个动机并非是最不重要的。（取得信心，并非最不重要，意料之外的事）6.The spacing between the repeating amplifiers is a functionof the cable attenuation and the system bandwidth so thatthe gain provided by these amplifiers compensates for theloss introduced by the cable.中继放大
42、器之间的间距是电缆衰减和系统带宽的函数，以便这些放大器提供的增益补偿电缆引起的损耗。7.When the cut-off frequency is no less than the maximalfrequency of the original signal,nor is it greater than thedifference between the sampling frequency and themaximal frequency,the original signal may be completelyrebuilt.当截止频率不小于原始信号的最高频率，也不大于采样频率和最高频率
43、之差，原始信号可以完整地重建。8.While the politics of the last one hundred years centeredaround Industrial Age technology,the politics of the futurewill be based on Information Age concerns orientedtowards the storage,protection and exchange ofinformation.尽管近百年来的政治活动是以工业时代的技术为中心的，未来的政治活动将基于信息时代的事物，面向信息的存储、保护和交换。(2
44、)Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning tothe underlined part.1.If these other charges and currents are comparable in sizeto the sources producing the above electromagnetic field,then a new net electromagnetic field will be produced.A.make comparison with the size of the sourcesB.are c
45、ompared with the size of the sourcesC.have similar size to the sourcesD.take a common size of the sources2.This range of wavelengths has led many to question thenaming convention used for microwaves as the namesuggests a micrometer wavelength.A.has raised many questions about the naming habitB.has c
46、aused many people to challenge the naming rulesC.has led many questions of the naming conventionD.has resulted in many problems in the naming tradition3.NASA worked in the 1970s and early 1980s to research thepossibilities of using Solar Power Satellite(SPS)systemswith large solar arrays that would
47、beam power down to theEarths surface via microwaves.A.shed solar energy to the Earths surface from thesatelliteB.set the satellite down to the Earths surface with powerC.shut down the power|(to)the Earths surface fromthe satelliteD.switch off power to the Earths surface from the satellite4.As DoD ur
48、gently wanted military command and controlnetworks that could survive a nuclear war,ARPA wascharged with inventing a technology that could get data toits destination reliably even if arbitrary parts of thenetwork disappeared without warning as a result of anuclear attack.A.win a nuclear warB.be used
49、 in preparation of a nuclear warC.avoid a nuclear warD.be still operational after a nuclear war5.At the present,state of the art microwave amplifiers andoscillator tubes can operate in a frequency range up to40GHz and solid-state microwave devices up to 100GHz.A.recent and most advancedB.high tech r
50、elatedC.sophisticatedD.artistically manufactured6.In such a fiber rays traveling at larger angles with respectto the axis have to traverse a longer path and hence take alonger time than those rays which propagate with smallerangles to the axis.A.have transmitted over a longer distanceB.are bound to