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1、专题十七阅读理解（2021,云南昆明市中考真题）Felicia Grimmenhag from Sweden doesnt let anything get in her way,even a life-changingaccident.After a serious car accident,Felicia had to get used to getting around in a wheelchair（轮椅）.But that didnt stop her from following her dream of becoming a top horse rider.In early Ju
2、ne 2011,17-year-old Felicia got hit by a car.When she woke up in the hospital,she found both of her legs were missing.H owever,Felicia didnt quil trying to achieve her dream.She wanted to get back on the horse.She had ridden as a little girl and decided in the hospital totry again.She wasnt sure if
3、she would be able to.But after ten weeks,training,she could rideonce again!“The horses have meant a lot to me,Felicia said.uWhen I sit on a horse,I dont feel like thedisabled Felicia,I feel like the confident（自信的）Fclicia.She has since taken part in competitions around the world,showing she doesnt ne
4、ed legs towin.Last year,she won silver at the Swedish Championships,and now she is preparing for theTokyo Paralympics.“What I have learned from all this is that you should dare to challenge yourself andremember that you are the only person that sets your own limits（限制）J Felicia said.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1.
5、What did Felicia lose in the car accident?A.H er arms.B.H er legs.C.H er ears.D.H er eyes.2.What does the underlined word“quit”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Keep.B.Enjoy.C.Begin.D.Stop.3.H ow long did it take Felicia to train to ride a horse again?A.one year.B.Nine years.C.Ten weeks.D.Seventeen wee
6、ks.4.The horses have meant a lot to Felicia for reasons of the following E X C E P T.A.becoming a top horse rider is her dreamB.she is filled with confidence when riding a horseC.she can get around on a horse instead of in a wheelchairD.she doesnt feel disabled anymore when sitting on a horse5.Which
7、 of the following can best describe Felicias experience?A.Never say never.B.Better late than never.C.Never think of yourself.D.Its never too late to learn.【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自瑞典的菲莉西亚在一次车祸中失去了双腿,只得坐着轮椅四处走动，但这并没有阻止她追逐成为顶级骑手的梦想，经过刻苦的训练，她又可以骑马了，而且在瑞典锦标赛中获得银牌，现在她正在为东京残奥会做准备的励志故事。
8、【解析】1.细节理解题。根据When she woke up in the hospital,she found both of her legs weremissing.”可知，菲莉西亚在车祸中失去了双腿，故选B。2.词义猜测题。根据下文“She wanted to get back on the horse.”她想重新开始去骑马，可知菲莉西亚并没有放弃实现自己的梦想，quit的意思应是“放弃、停止，与 Stop意思相近，故选D3.细节理解题。根据“But after ten weeks,training,she could ride once again!”但经过十周的训练，她又能骑马了!
9、可知，费利西亚花了十周的时间才重新学会骑马，故选C。4.细节理解题。根据“But that didnt stop her from following her dream of becoming a top horserider.以及The horses have meant a lot to me,“Felicia said.When I sit on a horse,I dont feellike the disabled Felicia,I feel like the confident（自信的）Felicia.”可 知,A、B、D 选项均符合题意，故选C。5.推理判断题。根据Felic
10、ia Grimmenhag from Sweden doesnt let anything get in her way,evena life-changing accident.以及”What I have learned from all this is that you should dare tochallenge yourself and remember that you are the only person that sets your own limits（限制），”Felicia said”可知A 选项“永不言败 符合题意，故选A。不少同学表示：我单词、短语背了那么多，平时
11、做了那么多阅读题，长难句也试着攻克了，为什么还是对一些题目无从下手、选不出正确答案呢？（可以说是十分委屈了！）现将阅读理解分为9种题型，分别来教同学们如何完美锁定正确答案、拿满分！一、例证题1.例证题的标志。当题干中出现 example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify 等词语时，同学们就要立刻开启做 例证题 的模式啦！2.回归文章，找出该例证所在的位置，即给该例子定位。3.搜索该例证周围的区域，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。5.例证题错误答案设计
12、的干扰特征经常是：就事论事，即把例子中的某一内容写出来误导你，让你去选。二、指代题1.回归原文，找出问题中的指代词。2.在指代词附近搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子。（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。三、词汇题1.首先还是要回归原文，找出该词汇出现在哪里。2.通过句子，确定该词汇的词性。3.从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适。4.
13、找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，这就是答案！注意：（1）如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思很大可能不是正确答案。（2）英语阅读理解主要是考查同学们是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。（3）词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。（4）寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点（比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义）、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。四、句子理解题1.回归原文找到原句。2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析（找主干），应该重
14、点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得太远，做题时应把握住推的度。五、推断题1.推断题的标志：learn,infer,imply,inform 等。2.看是否可以通过题干回归原文或依据选项回归原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固定到文章的一两点上。3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考查同学们天马行空的想象力
15、，它其实是考查同学们是否读透阅读文章里的某几个点所涉及的问题。4.推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好（原文的某句话变个说法），把原文读懂才是做对推断题的关键！六、主旨题 串线摘帽”，即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。1.主旨题的标志：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title 等。2.串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（主要针对自然段少的文章，针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句，找一个和中
16、心句最贴近的。）3.很多时候，老师都会跟同学们说，首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而考君还是要提醒各位同学，小心首段陷阱！4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征是：（1）局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；（2）范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。5.逆向思维法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。七、作者态度题1.作者态度题的标志：attitude2.应精确理解四个选项的含义，不要掺杂自己的观点。3.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。例如：fortunately,excessively等
17、。4.举例的方式。（是从正面举例，还是反面举例）5.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的结构。6.做作者态度题时同学们应该特别注意，要清楚是谁对谁的态度。八、判断题1.看能否通过四个选项具体化到原文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。2.每个选项都应回归原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。3.要重点抓是“三错一对 还 是”三对一错”的关系。（做题时要看清题目的要求，选 择 正 确 项 ，还 是 错 误 项 九、细节题细节题不用多说了，最重要的就是回归原文，在文章中找出题干所在位置，得出答案。十、重点注意事项1.正确答案的特征（1）正确答案经常与中心思想有关。（2）正确答案
18、的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。（3）正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。（4）正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性。（5）从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。例如：can,may,might,possible,not necessarily 等。2.错误答案的特征第一大层次：（1）无中生有（未提及的概念）；（2）正反混淆（选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）；（3）所答非所问（虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边）。第二大层次：（1）过分绝对；（2）扩大范围（注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly）；（3）因果倒置;(4
19、)常识判断；如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现；如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。(5)推得过远;(6)偏离中心；(7)变换词性。一、解题步骤根据近几年阅读理解题的命题特点和趋势，我们可以将阅读理解的解题步骤分为三步：1 .通读全文，掌握大意。要了解出题人的意图，抓住文章的主题句，就要在文首或文尾选择好做题的切入口，弄清文章中的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过等要点，即扫读文章，掌握文章大意。当然，由于文章的难度不同，考生面对较高难度的题时，应克服急躁心理，稳定自己的情绪，再读一遍或两遍，直到明确文章的大意。2 .根据试题，重点再读。第一步仅是
20、让大家对文章大意有一个大概的印象，是用来应付那些需要根据文章内容来作出主观判断的综合性题目的。但是在阅读理解题中还有一些是直观性的题目，在文章中可以找到原句作为答案，对于这种题目，考生应结合题目对照文章所提供的信息，从而选出最佳答案。3 .推理判断，确定答案。有些题一时难以从文中直接找出答案，这时就需要进行分析、推理或归纳，但决不能离开文章而乱猜臆断，还有些试题会涉及我们的日常生活或其他学科知识，这时我们要注意推理的科学性和合理性，再结合文章判断答题。二、技巧点拨1 .要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去除杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦
21、意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌、过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫、心无旁鹫。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰、理解深刻。2 .要提高读的速度，阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是速度。因此做阅读理解题时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文语境和构词法去猜测、去推断。3 .对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持 词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解作者的原意，而不能按自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。(1)审视标题，抓住中心。试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所
22、考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，了解文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于理解文章、提高做题的效率。(2)浏览全文，掌握全貌。如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是前两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。(3)细读题目，抓住要点。对整篇短文的内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案.要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题的难易，应先绕开较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是
23、可以直接或间接从文章中找到答案的。对于那些要进行归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲后选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你阅读时更有针对性，提高阅读的速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章第一段和最后一段的首句，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。(4)细读文章，掌握细节。这次应细品，不可一
24、晃而过。可边读边用铅笔把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W：who,what,when,where,w hy)画出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展有了更加深入的了解。(5)理解大意，初选答案。一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所有选项代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。(6)复读全文，核对答案。要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些未获解答的题
25、，对照题目，推测判断，确保理解无误。(7)瞻前顾后，首尾突破对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事，而应从短文整体考虑，从主线向外扩展，打开思路,前后上下对照。这样，可减少”钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且，在中考试题中，即使是事实和细节题，也 是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。大多数短文，尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段，或每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点；而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。因此，抓住首尾就往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾解决了，次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。（2021甘肃天水市.中考真题）May 20,2021Dear Principal
26、,I think the students in our school should wear uniforms.Many schools already have them.Uniforms will help our families save money,since we would have to buy only one or twouniforms for the whole year.Uniforms could also give us more pride in our school.And best ofall,if we all wore uniforms,kids wo
27、uldnt tease each other about their clothes.I know some students think uniforms are ugly and uncomfortable.But maybe we can pick auniform that everyone likes.I think this is a wonderful idea for our school.Sincerely,Justin Jones阅读以上书信，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。1.Who is this letter written by?A.A father.B.A mothe
28、r.2.Which of these is a fact about uniforms?A.They are uncomfortable.C.They are ugly.3.Justin wrote this letter to.A.ask for new clothesC.thank the principleC.A teacher.D.A student.B.Some schools already have them.D.They arent too expensive.B.say sorry to the principleD.suggest that students wear un
29、iforms4.Some students dont want to wear uniforms because they t hi nk.A.uniforms are expensive B.school pride is sillyC.the principal is mean D.uniforms can be ugly and uncomfortable5.H ow does Justin organize his ideas?A.First express ideas,then list reasons,and show problems,at last give solutions
30、.B.First show problems,then give solutions,and show problems,at last express ideas.C.First list reasons,then show problems,and express ideas,at last give solutions.D.First give solutions,then show problems,and list reasons,at last express ideas.【答案】1.D 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A【分析】本文是Justin Jones写给校长的信，针对校服问题
31、给出建议。1.推理判断题。根据Uniforms could also give us more pride in our school.And best of all,if weall wore uniforms,kids wouldnt tease each other about their clothes.”可 矢 口，Justin Jones 是名学生，故选D。2.细节理解题。根据“I think the students in our school should wear uniforms.Many schoolsalready have them.”可知，许多学校已经有校服了，故选
32、B。3.细节理解题。根据“But maybe we can pick a uniform that everyone likes.I think this is awonderftd idea fbr our school.”可知，Justin Jones写信是为了建议学生穿校服，故选D。4.细节理解题。根据“I know some students think uniforms arc ugly and uncomfbrtable.“可知，一些学生认为校服丑陋和不舒服。故选D。5.篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，作者首先表达想法，然后列出原因，展示问题，最后给出解决方案。故选A。（2021四川
33、南充市中考真题）It was Saturday again.Lily and Lucy disliked Saturdays.That was another thing the twinshad in common.They shared the same clothes and tied their hair in the same manner.In fact,itwas hard for their classmates and teachers to tell them apart sometimes.Unlike their classmates,they had to get u
34、p early at seven every Saturday to prepare for theirlessons.Lily had to attend the art lesson and Lucy had to attend her ballet lesson.H ow I wish Icould do something difterent today,“said the twins with one voice.All at once,an idea came toLily and Lucy at the same time.Do you have the same idea as
35、 me?”they asked each other andlaughed.It seemed like a wonderful plan to them.After giving each other a description of theirown friends,Lily put on Lucys ballet dress while Lucy put Lilys brushes and paints into her bag.Then they left for their classes.When the art lesson started,Lucy couldnt unders
36、tand the art teacher.Unlike Lily,Lucy waspoor at drawing.When the art lesson finally ended,Lucy didnt dare to hand in her work.Meanwhile,Lily was struggling in the ballet class as well.As she had no idea about the dancesteps,she had to follow her classmates blindly.As a result,she kept knocking into
37、 them.Theirballet teacher became impatient with her,Lucy,you should remember the basic steps.You cantdepend on copying what others are doing.When Lily and Lucy arrived home,they were tired out.They decided that they would nevertry to be someone else that they were not.1.What was the twins plan?A.To
38、have a day off.B.To be each other for a day.C.To wear the same clothes.D.To have a normal day like their classmates.2.H ow did Lucy feel at the beginning of the art lesson?A.Lost.B.Excited.C.Mad.D.Sleepy.3.What does the underlined word them refer to?A.The teachers.B.The classmates.C.The dance steps.
39、D.The ballet dresses.4.The ballet teacher became impatient b e c a u s e.A.she wasnt herself that day B.Lucy wasnt patient that dayC.“Lucy”did very badly that day D.she had discovered the twins plan5.What did the twins learn from the experience?A.Dont try to run before you can walk.B.A good beginnin
40、g makes a good ending.C.Saying is one thing and doing is another.D.The grass is not always greener on the other side.【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一对双胞胎姐妹想做一些不同的事情，于是她们就假扮成对方的样子，去参加彼此的兴趣班，经历过后发现还是做回自己最好。【解析】1.细节理解题。根据After giving each other a description of their own friends,Lily put onLucys b
41、allet dress while Lucy put Lilys brushes and paints into her bag”可知，她们的主意就是扮成彼此一天，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据“When the art lesson started,Lucy couldnt understand the art teacher”可知，美术课开始时，Lucy很迷茫，听不懂老师说的话，故选A。3.词义猜测题。根据 she had to follow her classmates blindly.As a result,she kept knocking intothem”可知，她不断地撞到同学们，
42、所以them指代“The classmates”,故选B。4.细节理解题。根据“As she had no idea about the dance steps,she had to follow her classmatesblindly.As a result,she kept knocking into them”可知，她在舞蹈课上表现得很差劲，所以老师失去了耐心，故选C。5.推理判断题。根据They decided that they would never try to be someone else that they werenot”可知，从这段经历中让她们明白了不要总觉得对方的
43、东西是好的，还是做自己最好，D选项“不要这山望着那山高 符合文意。故选D。（2021浙江金华市中考真题）The sound from Mirandas alarm,clock（|匍钟）would not stop.Miranda reached over.andstopped the noise ringing in her room.The action brought her,a few minutes of peace andquietness.On a usual day,Miranda jumped out of bed even before the alarm clock cou
44、ld ring.She didnot.mind getting up early.She loved morning because she could,complete her two-mile runbefore most of her family members got up.She ran every morning so that she would realize herdream of being the best runner in the school.H owever,this morning was different.She would goand find out
45、whether the pain in her leg was something that could be easily treated or would stopher.from doing something she loved most:running with the school track team.As the alarm clock rang out again,She cut off the annoying（讨厌的）noiseand rose from her bed.She could hear the sound from the kitchen where her
46、 mother was makingher favourite breakfast of pancakes and bacon.H er mother always made her favourites wheneverMiranda was facing a problem or in a bad situation,but shed never faced anything like thisbefore.Sighing（叹气）deeply in the quiet room,she tried to stand up.She could feel the pain in herrigh
47、t leg.It was serious but not unbearable.Surely,Miranda thought,it would not be as bad as shehad imagined.She shook her head to clear her thought and got ready to join her mother.As she walked intothe kitchen,her mother gave her a big smile.Immediately,Miranda felt comforted.If nothing else,she at le
48、ast knew one thing was certain.She was not alone in this and that would make all thedifferences,no matter what the day would bring.1.What did Miranda usually do every morning?A.She woke her family up.B.She cleaned her room.C.She cooked for her mother.D.She ran for two miles.2.Which of the following
49、sentences can be put in the in Paragraph 3?A.Miranda jumped out of bed B.her mother came into her roomC.Miranda knew she had to get up D.the telephone rang at the same time3.What did the smile on her mothers face mean to Miranda?A.Suggestion.B.Encouragement.C.Instruction.D.Agreement.4.What would Mir
50、anda probably do after breakfast?A.She would go to see the doctor.B.She would go to bed and have a rest.C.She would join her team members.D.She would join her mother in the kitchen.【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A【文章大意】本文主要介绍了 Miranda早起后，并没有像往常一样去跑步，因为她的腿疼，她得去看医生了。【解析】1.细节理解题。由第二段句子“She loved morning because she