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1、中考阅读理解实战演练之缤纷自然篇Sec ti o n I缤纷自然篇Pa s s a g elW ek n o w th a tm a n y a n i m a l s d o n o ts ta y i n o n ep l a c e.Bi r d s,f i s ha n d o th er a n i m a l s m o v ef r o m o n ep l a c eto a n o th er a ta c er ta i n ti m e.Th ey m o v ef o r d i f f er en tr ea s o n s:m o s to f th em m o
2、v eto f i nd f o o d m o r eea s i l y,b uto th er s m o v eto g eta w a y f r o m p l a c es th a ta r eto o c r o w d ed.W h en c o l d w ea t h er c o m es,m a n y b i r d s m o v e to w a r m er p l al l i n to th es e a.c es to f i n d f oo d.So m ef i s hes g i v eb i r thi n w a r m w a tera
3、n d m o v eto c oId w a ter to f eed.Th em o s tfa m o us m i g r a ti o n（迁移）i s p r o b a b l y th em i g r a ti o n o f f i s h,w h i c h i s ca i l ed “s a l m o n”.Th i s f i s h i i s b o r n i n f r es h w a ter b utittr a v el s m a ny m i l es to s a ltw a ter.Th erei ts p en d s i ts l i f
4、 e.W h en iti s o l d,i tr etur n s to i ts bi r th p l a c ei nf r es h w a ter.Th en i tg i v esb i r th a n d d i es.In n o r th ern E ur o p e,th er ei s a k i n d o fm o us e.Th ey lea v eth ei r m oun ta i n h o m esw h en th ey b eco m eto o c r o w ded.Th ey m o v ed o w n to th el ow l a n
5、d.So m eti m es th ey m o vea l l th ew a y to th es ea s i d e,a n d m a n y o f th em a r ek i l l ed w h en th ey f aRecentl y（近 来），scien tistshavest udiedthemigrationofaki ndoflobster（龙虾）.Everyy ear,whent heseasonoft hebadweathe rarrives,thelobstersge tintoalongl ineandstart towalkacr ossthefloo
6、r oftheocean.Nobodyknowswhytheydoth is,andnobod yknowswhere theygo.So,sometimesw eknowwhyhum ansandanimaIsmovefromo neplacetoan other,butat othertime swedon t.Ma ybelivingth ingsjustliketotravel.1.Mostanim alsmovefrom oneplacetoa notheratacer t a i n t i m e t o.A.givebirthB.enjoywarme rweatherC.f i
7、ndfoodmo reeasilyD.f indbeautifu Iplaces2.Thefishcall ed“salmon“s pendsalongti m e i n.A.saltwa terB.rivers C.freshwate rD.itsbirthplace3.Th emiceinnort hernEuropem o v e w h e n.A.the ygivebirthB.theplacege tstoocrowde dC.thewea therisbadD.theyhaven t enoughfood4.Thelobst ersmove.A.to thefreshwat e
8、rB.atacert aintimeC.totheundersea D.tof indmor efood5.Whattisthemai nideaofthep assage?A.Animalsmove tof indfoodm oreeasi ly.B.Themigra tionofthefi shcalled“sa Imon“isthemostfamousmi gration.C.Livingthin gsmovefromo neplacetoan otherbecausetheyl iketo travel.D.Sometimeswe knowhyandh owlivingthingsmo
9、vefrom oneplacetoa nother,buts ometimeswed on t.Passag e2Ifyoulo okattheskyo nenightands eesomethingmovingandsh iningthatyo uhavenevers eenbefore,itmightbeaco met（彗星）.A cometsometi meslookslik eastar.Like aplanet,acomethasnolig htof itsown.Itshinesfro mthesunlightitreflects（反射）.Liketh eearth,acom et
10、goesroundthesun,buto namuchlonge rpath（轨道）th antheearthtravels.If acometisn,t astar,whati sitthen?S omescientis tsthinkthat alargeparto facometiswater f r o z en i nto p i ec es o f ic ea n d m i xed wi th i r o n a n d ro c k d us ta n d per h a p s a f ew bi g p i ec es o f ro c k.W h en s uns h i
11、 n em el ts （融 化）th ei c ei n th ec o m et,g r ea tc l o ud s o fg a s g o tr a i l in g a f ter i t.Th es ec l o ud s,to g eth er w i th th ed us t,f o r m a l o n g ta i l .Ma n y p eo p l ep er h a p s h a v es een a c o m et.Ho w ev er n oo n ek n o w s h o wm a n y c o m ets th er ea r e.Th er
12、em a y b em i l li o n s o f c o m et s,b uto n l y a f ew c o m ec l o s e en o ug h f o r us to s eeA n En g l i s h m a n n a in ed E d m un d HaIl ey,w h o l i ved f r o m l 656to l 7 42,f o un do uta l o ta b o utth ep a th s tha tc o m ets ta keth r o ug h th es k y.So m ec o mets m o v eo uto
13、f o ur s i g h ta nd n ev er c o m eba c k.Oth er s keep c o m i n g b ac k a tr eg ul a rti m es.A b i g co m etth a tk eep s c o m i n g b a ck w a s n a m ed a fter Ha i l ey b ec a us eh ew a s th eo n ew h o w o rk ed o utw h en itw o ul d c o m eba c k a g a i n.May b ey o uh a v eev er s een
14、Ha l l ey s Co m ets b ec a us eth el a s tti m ei tc a mec l o s eto th es un a n d th eear th w a s i n th ey ea r l 9 8 6.Then p eo p l ea l lo v er th ew o r ld w er eo uts i dea tn i g h tto lo o k a ti t.Y o uw i l l p r o b a b l y b ea b l eto s e（Ha l l ey s Com ets w h en i tc o m es n ea
15、r th e ea r th a g a i n.1.A c o m eti s l i k e.A.s un B.m o o n C.s un l i g h tD.th eea r th2.Alar gepartofaco m e t i s.A.watera ndrockB.wat erfrozenint opiecesoficeandmixedwi thironC.i ce,ironandr ockdustD.on lyafewbigpiecesofrock3.Maybeman y p e o p l e.A.hav en,tseenany cometsB.hav eseenallco
16、m etsC.have seenacometa tdaytimeD.h aveseenacom et4.Somec ometskeepco m i n g b a c k.A.a tanytimeB.a tnoonC.atregulartimesD.at daytime5.Halley s Cometscameb ack.A.inl990B.i nl980C.inl9 86D.inl989P assage3Do youknowsome thingaboutt reerings（年轮）？Doyouknow theycantell uswhatthewe atherwaslike,sometime
17、s evenhundred sofyearsago?Atreewil Igrowellin aclimate（气候）withlotsofsunshineand rainfall.An dlittlesuns hineorrainfallwilllimi t（限制）thegro wthofclimat ebystudyingthetreering s.F orexampl e,tofindout theweatherof ten y ea r s a gi d eto th ei n sv en th r i n g,ty m o s to f th a to,c o un tth eri d
18、e.If th eteh en w e r es ury ea r.If i ti si n g s o f a tr een th r i n g i s f aeth a ti tw a s sn ea r to th eelf r o m th eo utsr f r o m th eel eun n y a n d r a i nev en th r i n g,th en th ec l i m a teth a ty ea r w a s b a d.Tr eer i n g s a r eim p o r ta n tn o t o n l y f o r s tudy i n
19、g th eh i s to r y o f w ea th e r b uta l s o f o rs tud y i n g th eh i s to r y o f m a n.Ma n y c en tur i es a g o th er el i v ed a l o tof p eo p l ea ta pl a c ei n New Me xi c o.Butn o w y o uc a n f i n d on l y s a n d th er e一n o tr ees a n d n o p eo p l e.W h a th a p p en ed?A s c i e
20、n tid tr ees th er ec a us eth ey h ab ui l d i n g s.Aeh a d to m o v e.1.i n g o o d c l i m a te.A.Tr eer i n g s g r o w f a r fs b ec o m eth i n n erC.Tr ee s d o n tn eed sp l ec a n c utd o w n m o s to f th e tr ees2.Th es c i en ti s ts a r ei n ter es tg tr eer i n g s b ec a us etr eer i
21、 n g s c a n tel ls ts tud i ed th.Hef o un d th ad c utd o w n a l ls a l l th etr eetth ep eo p l ehth etr ees to ms h a d g o n e,thr o m ea c h o th eun s h i n eo r r aer i n g s o f d eaa d to l ea v eb ea k ef i r es a n dep eo p l eth err B.Tr eer i n gi n f a l l D.Peoed i n s tud y i nA.wh
22、etheratre ewasstrongo rnotB.whetherpeopletoo kgoodcareof thetreesorn otC.wheth ertheclimat ewasgoodorn otD.howoldt hetreeswere3.Ifyouwa nttofindout theweathero ftwentyyearsago,yousho u l d s t u d y.A.th etwentiethr ingB.theten thringC.t henineteent hringD.thet wenty-f irst ring4.Why didpeopleus ual
23、lylivein placeswithlotsoftrees?A.Treesco uldtel Ithec hangeofthew eatherB.T reesbrought lotsofsunsh ineandrainC.Treescou Idmakeweath ernottoohot ortoocoldD.Treescoul dbeusedforb urningandfo rbuildinghouse5.Thep eoplehadtol eavetheplac einNewMexico b e c a u s e.A.ha dweathersto ppedthegrow thoftrees
24、B.theynolon gerhadwater andthelandb ecamesandC.theydidn thaveenough treesforbur ningD.the rewastoomuc hrainthereP assage4A l l o ur f o o d c o m es f r o m th es o i l （土 壤）.So m eo f us ea tm ea t,b uta n i m a l s1 i v eo n p l a n ts.If th es ew er en o p l a n ts,w es h o ul d h a ven o a n i m
25、 a l s an d m ea t.So thes o i l i s n ec e s s a r y f o r l i f e.Th eto p o f g r o un d i s us ua l l y c o v er ed w i th g r a s s or o th er p l a n ts.Pl a n ts g r ow i n s o i l,w h ic h h a s a d a r k co l o r.Th i s d ar k s o i l i s h umus,d ea d l ea ves,d ea d p l a nts a n d a n i
26、m a lw a s tem a k ei t,b utth i s ta kes a l o n g ti m e.W h en th eh umus h a s b een m ad e,p l a n ts c an g r o w w el l i n i t.A l l s o iIn eed s f o o d.If w ed o n tg i v ei ta n y,th ep l a n ts w i l l bew ea k.A n i m aIs w a s tei s theb es tf o o d f or th es o i l,b utc h em i c a l
27、 f er ti l i z er s（化 月 巴）a r ea l s o v er y us ef ul.Thes a m ec r o p s ho ul d n o tb eg ro w n i n th es a mep l a c eev er yy ea r;i ti s b etter to h a v ead i f f er en tc ro p.A c h a n g eof c r o p a n d th eus eo f a g o o d fer ti l i z er w il l k eep th el a n d i n g o o d c o n d i
28、ti o n.W hen th es o i l i sd r y,th ew i n db l o w s i ta w a ys d o w n to a r i v.So m eti m es h ea v y r a i n c a r r i es th eh um uer.Peo p l es h o ul d g r o w m o r ea n d m o r etr ees a n d g r a s s to s to p w i n d f ro m c a r r y i n g th eh um us a w a y.Itta k es h un d r ed s o
29、 f y ea r s to m a k eh um us,andsowemu stsaveevery bitofit.Wit houtsoil,wherecanwegro wfood?1.F romthetext,weknowpeopl e l i v e o n.A.ani malB.plantC.meatD.soil2.Theword“humus“mean s inChi nese.A.微生物B.土壤C.腐殖土 D.粘土3.Weshou Id to keepthesoil.A.givemo refertilize rsB.killmor eanimalsC.makemorehu musD
30、.growmo retreesandg rass4.Wes houldsaveev erybitofhum us,b e c a u s e.A.i ttakesalong timetomakeh umusB.the morehumusin thesoi 1,the betterplant sgrowC.th echemicalfe rtilizersar eexpensiveD.AandB5.T hebesttitle ofthistexts h o u l d b e.A.Soil isnecessary topeopleB.Thesamecro pcan tbegro wninthesa
31、meplaceeveryy earC.Soil sfoodische micalfertil izersD.Humu sishardtoma kePassagedIn th es ea th er ea r em a n y i s l a n d s.In i t s w a r m w a ter sth er ea r es o m el i ttl eo n es .W ec a l l th em uc o r a l Is l a n d s”.A c c r a l i s l a n d i s v e r y n i c eto l o o k a t.Itl o o k s
32、l i k ea r i n g o f l a n d（一圈陆地）w i th tr ees,g r a s s,a n d f l o wer s o n i t.On e p a r to f th er i n g i s o p en to t h ew a ter.Th er ei s a l i ttl e r o un d l a k ei n s i d eth ei s l a n d.If y o ul o o k i n to th i s l a k e,y o uw i l Is eeb ea uti ful c o r a l.Y o u s a y th i n
33、 k th e y a r ef l o w er s .If y o ul o o k ata p i ec eo f c or a l,y o uw i l ls eem a n y l i ttl eh o l es i n i t.In ea c h o f th es eh o l es a v e r y s m a l l s ea an i m a l h a s l i v ed.Th es es ea a n i m a l s m a k e th ec o r a l.Th ey b eg a n to b ui l d un d er t h ew a ter.Y e
34、a r a f ter y ea r,th ec o r a l g r e w h i g h er a n d h i g h er.A tl a s ti tg r ew o utof th ew a ter.Th en th es ea b r o ug h ti ts m a l l tr ees a n d s o m eth i n g els e.A f ter s o m ey ea r s,th es eth i n g s c h a n g ed i n to ea r th.So m eti m es th ew i n d b r o u g h ts eed s
35、（种 子）to th i s ea r th.So m eti m es b i r d s f l ew o v er i ta n d b r o u g h ts eed s to th ei s l a n d.Th el i ttl es e ed s g r ew.In a f ew y ea r s th e r ew er ep l a n ts a l l o v er th e i s l a n d.In a f ew m o r ey ea r s th er ew er etrees g r o w i n g t h er e.Soyo usee,thesei sl
36、andswereb uiltlittlebylittle.The workerswere verysmall.D otheynotteachusalesson?Canyouthin kwhattheles sonis?1.Int hesea.A.ther earecoralis landsinallp lacesB.therearesomecor alislandsC.thewateri sal way swarm D.wecanseem anyf lowers2 .Acoralisla ndlookslike.A.aroundc akeB.trees,grassandf lo wersC.a
37、ri ngof landD.a roundlake3.Thereare inthe holesincora Is.A.flow ersB.little coralsC.gra ssD.seaanim als4.Howd idseedsoftr ees,grassan dflowerscometothecoral islands?A.Th ewindandbir dsbroughtth emtothecora lislandsB.Onlythewin dbroughtthe mthereC.P eoplebrough tthemthereD.Fishesbr oughtthemth ere5.F
38、rom thestorywel earnthat.A.smalIwork erscan,tdob igthingsB.onlybigwor kerscandobi gthingsC.s m a l l w o r k er s c a n d o b i g th i n g s i f th ey wo r k h a r d w o r k a n d w o r k a l o n g ti m eD.a l Is m a l l th i n g s c a n d o b i g th i n g sPa s s a g e 6W h en s o m e p l a tes o f
39、 th e ea r th m o v es u d d en l y,a n ear th qua k eh a p p en s.Ma n y ea r th qua k es b e g i n un d er th es ea.E a r th qu a k es m a y h a p p en a n y w h er eo n th eea r th.Th ey o f ten h a p p en n ea r th em o un ta i n s.D ur i n g a n ea r th qua k e,th e s h a k i n g s m a k er o c
40、 k s r i s esud d en l y a n d e v en c r a c k （断 裂）o p en.Ho us e s f a l l,p eo p lea r ek i l l ed o r h ur t,a n d s o m eti m es th ew h o l ev i l l a g es o r c i ti es a r ed es tr o y ed.Ca n w ed o s o m eth i n g to k e ep o ur s el v es s a f ef r o m ea rth qua k es?Sc i en ti s ts h a
41、 v es tud i ed ea r th qua k es a n dm a k em a p s t h a ts h o w th e“ea r th qua k eb el ts”.In a r ea s （地|X ）i n th es e b el ts,i t s p o s s i b l ef o r e a r th qua k es to h a p p en.In t h es ea r ea s w e s h o ul d b ui l d s tr o n g h o us es to f i g h ta g a i n s tea r th qu a k es
42、.In th ef utur e,s c i en ti s ts w i l l b ea b l eto telIw h en a n d w h e r ea n ea r th qu a k ew i l l b eb e f o r eth ey h a pp en.Th ey c a n a l s o tel l p eo p l ew h a tto d o a n d h o w to d o i t.1.A l a r g en um b er o f ea r th qua k es o f ten h a p p en sA.intheareaB.onlandC.at
43、nightD.next tomountains2.Thereas onforaneart h q u a k e i s.A.th eresultofro ckplatesudd enmovementB.thatther earesomanyp latesonthee ar thC.tha ttheseaisto odeepD.rock s crackingo pen3.Amap showingthee arthquakebe Itswilltellp e o p l e.A.whatk indofhouses tobuildB.whatkindofh ousescansta yupinane
44、art hquakeC.w hereearthqu akemayhappe nD.howtok eepthemselv essafedurin ganearthqua ke4.I nthe futurewe 11 benolongers oafraidofear t h q u a k e s.A.wi ththehelpof scientists exactpredic tion（预报）B.becauseofa mapshowingt he“earthqua kebelts”C.becausewec anguessthed ateandplace ofearthquakesD.assci e
45、ntistsknow whattodoand howtodoit5.Ch o o s eth e b es tti tl ef r o th ep a s s a g e.A.A n E a r t h qua k eB.A Sc i en ti s ta n d a n E a r th qua k eC.Ho w to Fi g h tA g a i n s tE a r th qua k eD.E a r th qua k esTo d a y a n d To m o r r o wPa s s a g e7Its eem s to us th a tth e ea r th s ta
46、 n d s qui tes ti l l （静止的）.Buti ti s r ea l l y m o v i n g a l l th eti m e.Ittur n s a ro un d a m a k e-b el i ev el i n et h r o ug h i ts c e n ter.W ec a l lth i s m a k e-b e l i ev el i n eth eea r th s a xi s （地轴）.Th etwo en d s o f th ee a r th s a xi s a r ec a l l ed i ts p o l es （极）.T
47、heea r th tr a v e Is tw en ty-f o ur h o ur s a r o u n d i ts a xi s o n c e.W el o o k a tth es un a n d s a y i t u tr a v e Is“a c r o s s thes k y,b utth e s un d o es n tr ea l l y d o s o.T h etur n i n g o fth eea r th m a ks th es k y.W eeeev er y th i n gh eea r th tur nto n eh a l f f a
48、cur h a l f o f th ees us f eel a s ia n ts eeth a tel s eo n th eeas a r o un d ev eres th es un a n df th es un w er em o v i n g a c r o sth eea r th i s m o v i n g b ec a usr th i s tur n i ny tw en ty-f o uth en th eo th eg w i th us.A s tr h o ur s,f i r sr h a l f.W h en oea r th i s f a c i
49、 n g th es un,w e s a y i ti s“d a y ”.W h en o ur h a If i s a w a y f r o m th es un,w es a y i t i s“n i g h t”.Iti s th et ur n i n g o f th e ea r th th a ttel l s us w h en to g o to b ed a n d w h en to g etup.1.Themean ingof“amake-believelin e is alinethat”.A.iscalle dpoleB.weca nJ tseeC.a n
50、yonecansee D.wecanmake andbelieve2.It takes t heearth toturnaro unditsaxiso nee.A.awe ekB.amonthC.12hoursD.2 4hours3.U suallywesay,“Thesunris esintheeastandsetsinth ewest.Infa ct,t h e s u n.A.d oesnotmoveB.ismovingal IthetimeC.movessomet imesD.istoo heavytomove4.Wecan t seetheearth movingbecau se.A