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1、By Lu Songlei动词-ing 形式作定语、宾补和表语的用法一、-ing形式作定语 1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：building materials=materials for building 建筑材料drinking water=water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick=a stick for walking 手杖a reading room=a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk=a desk for writing 写
2、字台 tiring music=music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result=a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faced the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房The man standing there is Toms father.=The man who is standing
3、there is Toms father.站在那儿的那个人是汤姆的父亲。Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.=Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,li
4、ves in Beijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree,swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree,which was swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。二、-ing形式作宾语补足语1.1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：When we returned to the school,we
5、 found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在门口。We found the snake eating the eggs.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground.我发现地板上放着一个包。The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那老板让工人整夜地工作。2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：They found the result very satisfying.=
6、The result is found very satisfying.这个结果很令人满意。They heard him singing in the next room.=He was heard singing in the next room.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。We mustnt keep them waiting.=They mustnt be kept waiting.千万不能让他们等。2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen
7、to等。如：We saw a light burning in the window.I felt somebody patting my shoulder.*Can you smell anything burning?*As he spoke,he observed everybody looking at him curiously.*Listen to the birds singing.*I didnt notice him waiting.2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave 等。如：I wont have you doing
8、that.This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）前
9、者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：We heard the door slam.We heard the door slamming.(反复动作)(一次动作)三、-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Her hobby is p
10、ainting.她的业余爱好是画画。My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。His concern for his mother is most touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。She was very pleasing in her appearance.她的外貌很招人喜欢。Please read the sentences carefully,trying to pick out the errors and then correct them.1.I am looking forward to visit Charlie
11、 Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.visiting 2.Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films.3.That cartoon picture shows Charlie Chaplin watch himself watching in a movie.4.Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.watchingburst 5.We are all fond of Char
12、lies early films,which we think are more interested.6.I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day.7.I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight.interestingseeingseeing 8.Charlies job was entertain people,wasnt he?entertaining 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.He
13、 looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(北京2004春)A.put B.to be puttingC.to put D.putting2.The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.(江西2005)A.who has made B.having madeC.made D.making3.Come on,please give me some ideas about the
14、project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.(福建2007)A.filled B.fillingC.to fill D.being filled4.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.(四川2007)A.said B.say C.saying D.to say5.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(2007 全国卷 I)A.burning B.burntC.being burnt D.to be burnt 6.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.(上海2003)A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interestedC.interested;be interestingD.interesting;interest