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1、英语语法专题课件专题1名词考点知识精讲知识网络考点一 名词的分类考点知识精讲考点二 名词的复数形式1.规则变化构成方法 例词在词尾加s girlgirlspenpens以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesdishdishes考点知识精讲以f或fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加eswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesthiefthieves某些以f结尾的词，直接加sroofroofs(屋顶)beliefbeliefs(信念)以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escitycitiescountrycountri
2、esfamilyfamiliespartyparties以元音字母y结尾的名词，直接加sboyboysdaydays续表构成方法 例词以o结尾的四个词(两菜、两人)加es，其余的都加spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroeszoozoosphotophotos考点知识精讲2.不规则变化3.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子)boy classmateboy classmates构成方法 例词形式不变(单复数同形)sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseCh
3、ineseJapaneseJapanese变内部元音字母footfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenmousemice词尾加en/ren childchildrenoxoxen考点知识精讲(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或 woman，如：man worker men workerswoman teacher women teachers4特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：Clothes,shorts，pants，goods，glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：考点知识精讲news，maths，phy
4、sics，politics(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如：room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸还可用much，little，a little，a large amount of，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如：考点知识精讲much money，some milk(5)数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形
5、式而须用单数形式，如：He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4岁的男孩。(fouryearold不能说成fouryearsold)a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞考点三 名词所有格1表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加s，或直接加。(1)单数名词加s，如：Marys book考点知识精讲(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加，不以s结尾的复数名词要加s，如：the three girls father 这三个女孩的父亲the childrens presents 孩子们的礼物(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加s；表示各自所有时，需在各个名字
6、后加s，如：Mary and Janes car(她俩人共有的车)Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自的车)(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如：the barbersthe barbers shop理发店考点知识精讲to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加s构成所有格。如：a weeks time 一周的时间Chinas population中国的人口2表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词of所有者，如：the name of the zoo动物园
7、的名字3双重所有格：即ofs或of名词性物主代词，如：a book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。考点知识精讲考点四 名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：girl students(女学生)paper flowers(纸花)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：sports meeting(运动会)考 点 训 练一、单项选择1(2013山西)Read the _carefully.They will help you kn
8、ow how to use the popper.AInstructions Bdecisions Cresults【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。instruction“说明”；decision“决定”；result“结果”。由后句“它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机”可判断本句为“认真读说明”，故instructions符合句意。【答案】A考 点 训 练2(2013河北)Cici enjoys dancing.Its one of her _.Aprize Bprizes Chobby DHobbies【解析】本题考查名词。one of后接名词的复数，表示“中的一个”，故排除A、C两项
9、；prize“奖品”，hobby“爱好”，跳舞是一种爱好，故选D项。【答案】D考 点 训 练3(2013天津)For my homework I have to write a(n)_about the wonders of the world.Amusic BpictureCcomposition Dexam【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。music“音乐”；picture“图画”；composition“作文”；exam“考试”。music是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，故排除A项；动词write不能和picture搭配，也应排除；家庭作业不可能是考试，D项也排除。故选C。【
10、答案】C考 点 训 练4(2013哈尔滨)Boys and girls，feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.Arunners Bwinners Cplayers【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。runner“跑步者”；winner“获胜者”；player“运动员”。在考试中应成为获胜者，故winners符合句意。【答案】B考 点 训 练5(2013安徽)I have great _ in learning math and I
11、m so worried.Could you help me?Sure.Id be glad to.Atrouble Binterest Cjoy Dfun【解析】本题考查名词的用法。have trouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing sth.“做某事有困难”。interest“兴趣”；joy“高兴，欣赏”；fun“乐趣”，均不符合题意。【答案】A考 点 训 练6(2013南京)Mrs Black,could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?With pleasure.R
12、emember that the letter should be written in the formal _.Avalue Bstyle Ceffect Dmood【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。value“益处，价值”；style“风格，文体”；effect“影响，效果”；mood“情绪，心情”。由语境知“写申请信应用正式文体”。【答案】B考 点 训 练7(2013重庆)Could you please get me some _？Im hungry.Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg【解析】本题考查名词的用法。由第二句Im hungry.(我饿了。)知空格处需填“吃的东
13、西”，故排除选项B；选项A、D均为可数名词，由题干中的some判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除A、D两项。bread“面包”，为不可数名词，符合题意。【答案】C考 点 训 练8(2013武汉)Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.OK.Thanks for your _.Aoffer BinformationCmessage Dorder【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。offer“提供，提议”；information“信息”；message“口信”；order“顺序，订货，命令”。句意为“我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧
14、。”“好吧，谢谢你的好意。”故选A。【答案】A考 点 训 练9(2013上海)These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.Aamusement BdevelopmentCenvironment Dgovernment【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。amusement“娱乐”；development“发展”；environment“环境”；government“政府”。句意为“这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境。”【答案】C考 点 训 练10
15、(2013黄冈)Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.Aexperiments Bexpressions Cexperiences Demotions【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。experiment“实验”；expression“表达”；experience“经历”；emotion“感情”。空格所在句的句意为“她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一些美好的经
16、历。”故选C。【答案】C考 点 训 练11(2013宁波)Excuse me,where can I exchange _？Theres a bank on the second floor.Abooks Bfood CmoneyDstamps【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答语“Theres a bank on the second floor.(在二楼有一家银行。)”可知，要兑换的是“钱”。故选C。【答案】C考 点 训 练12(2013扬州)Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.Theres no _ for this whil
17、e you are at work.Acause Bexcuse Cmatter Dchoice【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。cause“原因”；excuse“理由，借口”；matter“事情”；choice“选择”。由空格所在句的句意“当你工作时这样做是没有理由的”知选B。【答案】B考 点 训 练13(2013陕西)John wants to be a _，so he often helps sick people in the hospital.Areporter Bdoctor Cscientist Dcook【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。reporter“记者”；doctor“医生”；
18、scientist“科学家”；cook“厨师”。由句意“因此他经常在医院里帮助病人”知约翰想成为一名医生，故选B。【答案】B考 点 训 练14(2013内江)I have trouble learning math this term.You should pay more _to your teachers advice.Amoney Battention Ctime【解析】本题考查名词的用法。pay attention to.“注意”，是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B考 点 训 练15(2013盐城)The two cities have reached an _to develop sci
19、ence and technology.Aeducation Bexcitement Cagreement Dinvention【解析】本题考查名词的用法。reach an agreement“达成协议”，是固定搭配，故选C。【答案】C考 点 训 练16(2012中考变式题)Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?Sorry,I know nothing about him.We are_.Afriends BneighborsCclassmates Dstrangers【解析】由答语前面的“对不起，我
20、不认识他”，可知这里是指“陌生人”。【答案】D考 点 训 练17(2012中考变式题)I dont think looking after children is just _ work.Awoman Bwomans Cwomen Dwomens【解析】句意为“我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作。”由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格，又因为woman的复数形式是women，故选D。【答案】D考 点 训 练18(2012中考变式题)Why are you still waiting in line?Ive missed my _.Aplace Border Cturn Dtime【解析】句意为“你为什
21、么仍然在排队？”“我错过了我的一次机会了。”place“地方”；order“顺序”；turn“轮到的机会”；time“时间”。通过句意可知，只有C项符合题意，故答案为C。【答案】C考 点 训 练19(2012中考变式题)I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.Right.It is one of the _ in my school.Achoices Bplans Chobbies Drules【解析】句意为“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。”“是的，这是我们学校的规则之一。”choices“选择”；plans“计划”；hobbies“爱
22、好”；rules“规则”。所以选择答案D。【答案】D考 点 训 练20(2012中考变式题)_ mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.AAlice and Lilys BAlices and LilysCAlices and Lily【解析】A选项是指她们共同的母亲；B选项表示她们各自的母亲；C选项没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由后句的they可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为B。【答案】B考 点 训 练21(2012中考变式题)Something is wrong wi
23、th my _.I cant see anything around me.Anose Bears Ceyes Dmouth【解析】看不清周围的东西，故应该为眼睛有毛病。【答案】C考 点 训 练22(2012中考变式题)The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there.Amilk Btea Ccoffee Dwater【解析】根据答语可知西南很需要水，故答案选D。【答案】D考 点 训 练23(2012中考变式题)How far is your ho
24、me from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。两小时的路程表达是“two hours walk”，hour需要变复数后加“”，故选C。【答案】C考 点 训 练24(2012中考变式题)Im not sure about the meaning of the word.Youd better look it up in a _.Aletter Bdictionary Cpostcard Dnotice【解析】letter“书信”；dictionary“字典、词典”；postcard“卡片”；not
25、ice“布告”，根据题意“我不知道这个词语的意思。”“你最好查词典。”知答案选B。【答案】B考 点 训 练25(2012中考变式题)Whose computer doesnt work?_，I think.AJohn has BJohn does CJohn DJohns【解析】句意为“谁的计算机出毛病啦？”“约翰的，我想。”故答语应用名词所有格形式，所以答案应选D。【答案】D考 点 训 练26(2014中考预测题)Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?Im afraid we have no _ but to take
26、a taxi.Achoice Bdecision Creason Didea【解析】“have missed the last bus”和“but to take a taxi”可知是别无选择。句意是“哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最后一班车，我们应该怎么办呢？”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。”【答案】A考 点 训 练27(2014中考预测题)Good morning,madam.Can I help you?Sure,Id like _，please.Atwo cups of coffees Btwo cup of coffeesCtwo cups of coffee Dtwo cup of
27、coffee【解析】coffee 是不可数名词，不能加s，排除A和B；两杯应是two cups，排除D。故选C。【答案】C考 点 训 练28(2014中考预测题)Do you know the young lady over there?Yes.Shes _ mother.ALily and Lucy BLilys and LucysCLilys and Lucy DLily and Lucys【解析】根据空后的mother可知是两人共有的，两人共有某物时，只需要在后一个词后加s。句意是“你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗？”“是的，她是莉莉和露西的妈妈。”【答案】D考 点 训 练29(2014中考预
28、测题)After walking for more than half an hour,we decided to take _ rest.Aa few minutes Ba few minutesCa little minutes Da little minutes【解析】minute是可数名词由a few来修饰且要用复数形式，名词以s结尾时，所有格直接加。句意是“走了半个多小时后，我们决定休息几分钟。”故选B。【答案】B考 点 训 练30(2014中考预测题)Where are the_？They are playing_ basketball on the playground.Aman
29、 teachers;the Bmen teachers;theCman teachers;/Dmen teachers;/【解析】man作定语时，两个名词都要变复数；球类运动的短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选D。句意是“男老师在哪儿？”“他们正在操场上打篮球。”【答案】D考 点 训 练31(2014中考预测题)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well.Avoice Blook Csound Dnoise【解析】根据“She can sing very well.”可知她的声音很好，人的声音用voice表示。句意是“贝蒂的声音好，她可以唱得非常好。”【答案
30、】A考 点 训 练32(2014中考预测题)Oh,there isnt enough_ for us on the bus.No hurry.Lets wait for the next one.Afloor Bground Croom Dplace【解析】根据on the bus和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是“哎呀，公共汽车上没有我们足够的空间了。”“别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。”【答案】C33(2014中考预测题)I saw many _ eating grass考 点 训 练on the hill.Ahorse Bcow Cdeers Dsheep【解析】many后跟名词复数
31、，A，B都不是复数，deer和sheep单复数相同，故答案选D。【答案】D二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词(15分)1(2013苏州)The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇迹)of the world.【解析】“奇迹”为wonder，one of后接复数名词。【答案】wonders考 点 训 练2(2013铜仁)More and more _(外国人)come to visit China.【解析】“外国人”为foreigner；more是many的比较级，后接名词的复数。【答案】foreigners3(2013烟台)After three _
32、(星期)holiday,we came back to work.【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。以s结尾的复数名词的所有格在s后加“”。【答案】weeks考 点 训 练4(2013黄冈)To our great _(惊讶),Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.【解析】to ones surprise“使某人惊讶的是”。【答案】surprise5(2013宁波)He cant see the blackboard clearly,so he needs a pair of _(眼镜)【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”。【答案】gl
33、asses考 点 训 练6(2013扬州)We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_(公民)【解析】由主语we知，要填复数形式citizens。【答案】citizens7(2013兰州)They have planted about five _(千)trees in and around the town in the past few years.【解析】英语中的hundred，thousand，million，billion等词如果前面有基数词修饰，一律用单数，故填原形thousand。【答案】thousand考
34、 点 训 练8(2012中考变式题)The camera was one of the greatest _(发明)in the 19th century.【解析】根据空前的“one of the greatest”可知用名词的复数。句意是“照相机是十九世纪最伟大的发明之一。”【答案】inventions9(2012中考变式题)How many times do you brush your_(牙齿)every day?【解析】tooth的复数形式是teeth。【答案】teeth考 点 训 练10(2012中考变式题)Please tell me the_(胜利者)telephone numb
35、er.I want to interview him.【解析】句意是“请告诉我胜利者的电话号码，我想采访他。”胜利者是winner，其所有格在其后加s。【答案】winners11(2012中考变式题)There are many fresh_(土豆)in the supermarket.【解析】因句中有many,many后接名词的复数，potato的复数是potatoes。【答案】potatoes考 点 训 练12(2014中考预测题)Thank you very much for your_(邀请)But Im so sorry that I cant come to your party
36、tomorrow.【解析】空白处前有your修饰，故要用名词形式，而invite的名词是invitation。【答案】invitation13(2014中考预测题)Take a short rest after two_(小时)hard work,and you wont feel too tired.【解析】前面有two，所以应该用hour的复数形式hours的名词所有格。【答案】hours考 点 训 练14(2014中考预测题)Great_(变化)have taken place in our hometown.【解析】句中的谓语动词是have taken place，因此主语要用复数形式
37、。【答案】changes15(2014中考预测题)A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in _(西南方),Chinas Sichuan Province on May 12th.【解析】表示“偏方向”时，先说南北，再说东西，故西南方为southwest。【答案】southwest考 点 训 练三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词(18分)1(2013芜湖)A _is the fourth month of the year.【解析】一年的第四个月份是April。【答案】April2(2013铜仁)My h_ is collecting stamps.I have
38、collected thousands of stamps.【解析】集邮是一种爱好，故填hobby。【答案】hobby考 点 训 练3(2013铜仁)Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _.【解析】mother tongue“母语”。由句意“马克吐温出生于美国，英语是他的母语。”可知答案。【答案】tongue4(2013成都)My mother is a nurse.She works in a famous h _.【解析】由常识知护士工作的地点是医院。【答案】hospital考 点 训 练5(2013桂林)
39、If you are in danger,remember to dial(拨)the telephone n _110 at once.【解析】句意为“如果你遇到危险，记住立刻拨电话号码110。”故填number。【答案】number6(2013桂林)Do you know what the p_ of China is now?Its over 1.3 billion.【解析】由答语知，上句是问现在中国的人口是多少，故填population。【答案】population考 点 训 练7(2012中考变式题)New Year is a traditional f_ for Chinese p
40、eople.【解析】根据New Year和traditional可知是节日。句意是“新年对中国人来说是传统的节日。”【答案】festival8(2012中考变式题)Tomorrow is my cousins birthday.Im going to buy a g_ for her.【解析】根据“my cousins birthday”可知想买生日礼物。句意是“明天是我堂妹的生日，我将给她买一件礼物。”【答案】gift考 点 训 练9(2012中考变式题)If theres something wrong with your teeth，youd better go to see a d_.
41、【解析】根据“something wrong with your teeth”可知要看牙医。句意是“如果你的牙齿出毛病了，你最好去看牙医。”【答案】dentist10(2012中考变式题)W_ is the coldest season of the year.【解析】根据“the coldest season of the year”可知是winter。句意是“冬天是一年中最冷的季节。”【答案】Winter考 点 训 练11(2012中考变式题)We dont go to the c_ much for movies because we have a video.【解析】根据movies可
42、知是cinema。句意是“我们不经常去电影院看电影，因为我们有一个录像机。”【答案】cinema12(2012中考变式题)When summer comes,day becomes longer and n_ becomes shorter.【解析】谓语动词是第三人称单数形式，故主语要用单数。【答案】night考 点 训 练13(2014中考预测题)P_ are my favourite animals and they live only in China.【解析】谓语动词是are，因此主语用复数形式。【答案】Pandas14(2014中考预测题)Would you like to see
43、the movie with me?Ive got two t_.【解析】“票”的英文单词为ticket，复数为tickets。【答案】tickets考 点 训 练15(2014中考预测题)Mary is such a shy girl that its hard for her to sing in p_.【解析】in public为固定词组，在公众场合。【答案】public16(2014中考预测题)Bill wants to buy a new jacket because his old one is out of s_.【解析】根据句意可知是想买新的，是因为旧的过时了。out of s
44、tyle意为“过时”。句意是“比尔想买一件新夹克，因为他的旧的过时了。”【答案】style考 点 训 练17(2014中考预测题)England is a country in E_.【解析】根据a country和地理知识可知英国是欧洲的一个国家。句意是“英国是欧洲的一个国家。”【答案】Europe18(2014中考预测题)Dont smoke here.Look at the sign.It says“No S_”【解析】根据句意可知是别抽烟，no的后面要接名词或动名词，故用smoking。句意是“别抽烟。看那个标志牌。上面写着禁止吸烟。”【答案】Smoking专题2冠词、数词考点知识精讲
45、知识网络冠 词考点知识精讲考点知识精讲考点知识精讲考点知识精讲表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词有两种：表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词，如：one，two，three.，ninetyfour等；表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词，如：first，second，third.，fifteenth等。There are five people in my family.We live on the sixth floor in a tall building.我家有五口人。我们住在一座高楼的第六层。考点一 冠词(一)定冠词的用法考点知识精讲定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那(这)个”
46、的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1特指双方都明白的人或物。Take the medicine.把药吃了。2上文提到过的人或物。He bought a house.Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3指世上独一无二的事物，如：the sun；或用于对两个人或事物比较时起特指作用的比较级前。考点知识精讲He is the taller of the two boys.两个男孩中他较高点。4与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar“美元”；或与形容词或分词连用表示一类人，如：the rich“富人”；the li
47、ving“生者”。5用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only,very,same 等前面。Where do you live？I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.考点知识精讲那正是我要找的东西。6与复数名词连用，指整个群体。They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)他们是这所学校的全体老师。They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)他们是这所学校的老师。7表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示
48、身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。考点知识精讲8用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国9用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前，但中国乐器前不加the。play the piano 弹钢琴10用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)考点知识精讲11用在惯用语中。in the morning/afternoon/evening，in the end，by the
49、 way，at the age of，at the moment等。12用于方向名词或表示江河、山脉、海峡等专有地理名称前。in the southeast of，at the back of，the Red Sea13用在逢十的复数名词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数。The young girl is in the twenties.这个年轻的女孩大约二十几岁。The war broke out in the forties.这场战争发生在40年代。考点知识精讲(二)不定冠词的用法1不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，其意思和“one”差不多。What can I do for you,mada
50、m？要点什么，女士？I want an orange skirt for my daughter.我想为我女儿买条橘黄色的裙子。2泛指人或事物的某一类，尤其是作表语时要用a单数名词，而不用the单数名词。The dog is an honest animal to human beings.狗是对人类忠诚的动物。考点知识精讲3用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”之意，相当于every。How much is the meat?肉多少钱？Its eight yuan a kilo.每公斤8块钱。4泛指某人或某物。A boy is looking at you.一个男孩在看你。5用在