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1、 Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehensionComprehension of Words英语高考阅读理解解题策略之阅读理解题型1.Teachingbackground教学背景Question Forms1.Theword“”refersto/means/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans_.3.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“”._你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？猜
2、猜看！whenpigsfly greenhand bigpotato shanghai johnwarm up:whenpigsfly A:Do you think Mary will quit her job now that shes pregnant?B:When pigs fly!There is no way she is giving up her career.天方夜谈，太阳从西边出来green hand On the way to the factory,Jack sang a pop song happily.because it is the first day for h
3、im to work.When he was working,he talked with his new colleagues.Suddenly,the machine broke down because of his carelessness.Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss.His new colleague told him,“take it easy,you are agreenhand.”新手,没有经验的人 Tom is a great man.He is treated as abigpotato.a big potato大人物s
4、hanghai Tourists were shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货）.Some guides told them that fakes are good.They are worth buying.诱骗john Tim drank too much water last night,so he went to visit john twice.厕所 方法一：Using word formation（构词法）2.Useful strategies 猜词技巧1.Its true that lighthouse was built in o
5、ut-of-the-way place.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?3.When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.Word-formation偏远的（合成形容词）v.构想（词性变化）（构词法）不可逾越的，无法通过的（词的派生）方法一prefix(前缀）suffix（后缀）un-word ro
6、ot(词根）believe-ableGuessing the meaning With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:无条件的,绝对的 adj.condition conditional 情况，条件 n.有条件的 adj.unconditional:nonjudgmen
7、tal:没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断 v.判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:super-inter-mini-micro-anti-co-post-pre-ship 在在之间之间超超极小的极小的反对反对后后身份，资格身份，资格微小微小一同，一起一同，一起之前之前方法二：Usingcontextclues（利用上下文线索）同义词、近义词 Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health.They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的 adj
8、.作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。also技巧 1harmful资金 n.At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.money同义词、近义词nor常见信号词：that is to say,in other words,or,mean,be called,refer
9、to 反义词eg.Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely“homely”means“”.ugly常见信号词:Unlike 技巧 2handsomeunlike,but,although,yet,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,instead of,rather thanRather than liking the movie,as I expected them to,all my friends abhorred it.If you agree,wr
10、ite“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.Rather thanlikingnoyes agree定义、解释或举例 通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;mean;that is;thats to say;namely;in other words;to put it another way;such as;like;for instance;for example)来确定词义。技巧 31.Whenwritinganarticle,weoftenusesimile,suchas“braveasalion”and“quicklikelightning”“simil
11、e”means“_”.明喻【修辞】常见的信号词：suchas,forexample,forinstance2.Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.3.He is a resolute man,once he sets up a goal,he will not give it up easily.因果关系1.文章借助关联词because,as,since,for,so,thus,as the result,therefore等表示前因后果.2.有时利用动词lead to,cau
12、se,result in,result from,bring about等表达因果关系.技巧 4常见信号词:-since you are my superior（上级）,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet since superior标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）1.You can take one of the periodicals:The World o
13、f English or Readers Digest.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers 技巧 52.Theotherquestionedtheveracitythetruthfulnessofthesereports.方法三：Commonsense（常识）Common sense 常识1.Birds fly with their wings,and they pick up their food,and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws fo
14、r tearing,seizing,pulling or holding objects.2.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.“beak”here means _.“wither”refers to _.a birds mouth 鸟喙；鸟嘴dry up and die枯萎，凋谢方法三l Using word formation（构词法）l Using context(上下文）clues（线索）l Common sense（常识）1.同义词、近义词2.反义词3.定义、解释或举例4.因果关系 5.标点符号
15、Summary 小结4.5.Practice真题演练 The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.(陕西卷)In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a covering真题演练：（根据因果关系）“Unlike vitamin C,leadershi
16、p skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”(广东卷)The underlined word roughly means _.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed真题演练：（根据转折对比关系）真题演练：Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.（
17、福建卷）The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out（根据常识）（2012 广东）Well,at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.By the age of 8,their IQ（智商）scores are four to five p
18、ercent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education,family income,a childs sex and age,the mothers health and feeling style.These results dont surpris
19、e me.33.Theword“copper-bottomed”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_.A.basicB.reliableC.surprisingD.interestingThis Research comes from Oxfordand Essex University using a sample（样本）of taking account of parental education,family income,a childs sex and age,the mothers health and feeling style.10,419 chi
20、ldrenB.reliable（2011 广东）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,
21、and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.31.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1iscloses
22、tinmeaningto_.A.earlyB.sweetlyC.quicklyD.smoothlyD.smoothly（2010 广东）When something goes wrong,it can be very satisfying to say,Well,its so-and-sos fault.or I know Im late,but its not my fault;the car broke down.It is probably not your fault,but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or somethin
23、g else for a bad situation,you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However,you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winners key to success.47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.considerC.improveHomework名师导学：P65