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1、专题六连词专题六 连词1 并列连词 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，在语法与情景对话题型中对并列连词考查逐渐减少，侧重于对短语的考查，且主要集中在词汇考查题型中。考生需判断两个句子之间的关系，进而选择表示顺承、转折和因果等连词；或者表示递进，选择关系的连词短语，这些统称为并列连词(短语)。常见并列连词(短语)并列连词（短语）用法 例句and（2016省卷50题）“和”，表并列或顺承关系He is laughing and talking.他又说又笑。but“但是”，表转折关系He is poor,but honest.他贫穷，但是诚实。or“或者/否则”，表选择关系/条件关系Would you
2、 like tea or coffee?你喜欢茶还是咖啡？so因此/所以”，表因果关系He was ill,so he couldnt go to school yesterday.他病了，因此他昨天不能去上学。bothand两者都Both you and she are right.你和她都是对的。not onlybut also不但而且Not only you but also he wants to buy the book.不但你而且他也想买那本书。eitheror或者或者Either he or I am right.要么他对，要么我对。neithernor既不也不Neither t
3、he twins nor Li Lei has been to Shanghai.这对双胞胎和李磊都没去过上海。注意：1.neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语的单复数保持一致，即就近原则；bothand连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。2.连接两个句子时，neither，not only后面的句子要用倒装句。如：Not only did he speak more correctly，but he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。考点小练1.Look!There
4、is lots of traffic in this city.we should be careful when we cross the streets.A.But B.So C.And D.Because2.The beginning of the movie was boring,the end was amazing!A.but B.and C.so D.or3.姐姐和我都不愿意在假期的时候早起。my sister I am willing to get up early during holidays.BANeither nor4.Not only Tina but also Li
5、ly has been to Beijing.(改为同义句)Tina Lily have been to Beijing.Bothand2甘肃近3年中考侧重于对从属连词的考查，是考生复习的重点。1.以下从句类别需要分清：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句以及让步状语从句；2.在此基础上，选择其对应的连词，切记勿与并列连词混淆。引导时间状语从句的从属连词从属连词 意义 用法when当时 从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。while当时引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时。before在之前表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，必须是延续性动
6、词且常用进行时。until/till直到常用在“notuntil”结构中,表示“直到才”。after在之后 以过去时间为起点的一段时间之后since自从引导从句常用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。as soon as一就引导的从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。once一旦 就主从句时态一致。如：The students were talking when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，学生们正在说话。Dont make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造任何噪音。They said they were happ
7、ier before they became rich.他们说他们在变得富有前更快乐。He left the office after he finished the work.完成工作后,他离开了办公室。He has lived here since he was 8.他从八岁的时候就一直住在这里。Ill visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。Once they find people in need,they try their best to help them.一旦他们发现需要帮助的人,他们就尽最大努力去帮助他们。引导条件状语从句的从属连
8、词从属连词 意义 用法if（2017省卷48题）如果引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。unless（2015兰州39题）除非，如果不可以转化为“ifnot”结构。主从句时态与if用法一致。as long as只要引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如：Well go for a picnic if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨我们就去野餐。He wont finish the work unless he works hard.如果他不努力，就不能完成这项工作。As long as you work hard,youll succeed.只要你努力工作
9、，你就会成功。引导让步状语从句的从属连词从属连词 意义 用法 例句though/although虽然；尽管引导让步状语从句时,这些词都不能与but同时连用。Although/Though it rained heavily,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。even/though(if)即使Even though I have enough time,I dont want to go there with him.即使我有足够的时间，我也不想跟他去那里。引导原因状语从句的从属连词从属连词 意义 用法because因为表示造成某事的直接原因,常用来回答why引导
10、的问句。since既然语气比because弱,表示众所周知的原因。as因为语气比since弱,表示众所周知的原因,一般放在主句之前。for因为表示补充或推断的理由，不用于句首。如：He didnt come here because he was ill.他没来因为他病了。Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说，那一定是真的。As Im not at home,please leave me a message.因为我不在家，请给我留言。He must be ill,for he is absent.他肯定生病了，因为他没来。引导目的、结果状语从句的从属
11、连词从属连词 意义及用法 例句so that/in order that以便于，为了;引导目的状语从句。He got up early so that he could get there in time.他早起以便于他能及时到达那里。sothat如此以至于；引导结果状语从句。The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.这个箱子太重了以至于我们搬不动它。suchthat如此以至于；引导结果状语从句。Its such a fine day that many people go to the park.天气这么好，许多人都到公园里玩。考点小练5.Well
12、stay at home it rains tomorrow.A.and B.if C.but D.so6.riding shared bikes(共享单车)is an environmentally friendly way to travel,many of the bikes are thrown everywhere.A.Although B.As C.Unless D.Until7.Did you say anything to your parents they shouted at you？No，I was afraid to talk back.They looked real
13、ly serious and scary.A.unless B.why C.when D.whileBAC专题七形容词和副词形容词和副词分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对形容词和副词考查涉及各种题型，形容词和副词在书面表达中的运用也很重要。该考点需要考生牢牢掌握常见的形容词、副词，以及相互转换和其等级的转换。掌握一定的词汇量是基础。1形容词词义辨析1.常见的形容词分类以及固定搭配天气cloudy多云的；rainy下雨的；foggy多雾的；cool凉爽的；warm温暖的；snowy下雪的；windy有风的情感情绪（2017省卷50题）（2017兰州55题）pleased 高兴的；worried
14、担心的；relaxed 放松的；happy 快乐的；nervous 紧张不安的；sad 悲伤的；glad 高兴的；angry 生气的；excited 兴奋的；surprised 惊奇的；frightened 害怕的；afraid害怕的；proud自豪的；amazed 感到惊讶的；serious严肃的外貌、性格品质tall 高的；thin瘦的；honest 诚实的；brave 勇敢的；confident 自信的；kind 友善的；funny 有趣的；clever 聪明的；friendly友好的；outgoing 开朗的；humorous 幽默的；patient 耐心的；polite 礼貌的表示人
15、的状态类weak 虚弱的；lazy 懒惰的；strong 强壮的；sick 生病的；active 活跃的；shy 害羞的；tired 疲劳的；hungry 饥饿的；thirsty渴 的；full 饱的；lonely 寂寞的；alone 孤独的；healthy 健康的 事物描述red 红色的；yellow 黄色的；green 绿色的；grey 灰色的；impossible 不可能的；famous 著名的词义相反类easy 容易的；difficult/hard 困难的；similar 相似的；different 不同的；rich 富有的；poor 贫穷的；old 老的；young年轻的；nice美
16、好的；ugly丑陋的；well 健康的；sick 生病的；dangerous 危险的；safe 安全的；long长的；short 短的；fat 胖的；thin瘦固定搭配be good at 擅长be tired of 对感到厌倦be good/bad for 对有益/害be proud of 为感到自豪固定搭配be pleased with 为感到满意be famous/known for 因而出名be interested in 对感兴趣be strict with 对严格be satisfied with 对满意be surprised at 对吃惊be afraid of 害怕be di
17、sappointed in/at 对失望be angry with 生的气be friendly to 对友好be familiar to 为所熟悉be busy with 忙于be late for 迟到be sure about/of 肯定be ready for 为做好准备be different from 与不同be successful in 在方面成功固定搭配be short of 短缺be full of 充满be similar to 与相似2.形容词的辨析常见v.-ed和v.-ing形式形容词的辨析：-ed形容词-ing形容词amazed吃惊的，惊异的 amazing令人惊奇
18、的annoyed 烦恼的 annoying 令人讨厌的，恼人的bored 无聊的 boring 令人厌烦的surprised 感到惊讶的 surprising 令人惊讶的developed 发达的 developing 发展中的excited 激动的;兴奋的 exciting 使人激动的，令人兴奋的interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的moved 感动的 moving 移动的，动人的pleased 高兴的，满意的 pleasing 令人愉快的relaxed 松懈的，放松的 relaxing 令人放松的考点小练1.In the future,robots will do
19、jobs in place of people in order not to get us.A.bored;bored B.boring;boring C.boring;bored D.bored;boring2.The boy is really.He makes all of us laugh a lot.A.correct B.boring C.humorous D.direct3.She is a girl.Yeah,she likes reading alone at home.A.beautiful B.strange C.noisy D.quietCCD2副词的用法与辨析1.副
20、词的用法（2016省卷43题）(1)用作状语。如：He speaks English well.他英语说得非常好。(2)用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词。如：Ill be back in five minutes.我五分钟后就回来了。(3)用作定语。通常情况下，副词用作定语时总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：The people there are very friendly.那儿的人很友好。2.副词的分类及辨析(1)方式副词(放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前)happily快乐地luckily幸运地clearly清晰地alone独自地fast快速地quickly快
21、速地well好地，优质地badly坏地，劣质地brightly明亮地certainly确定地hard难地early早地especially尤其loudly大声地nearly差不多，几乎noisily吵闹地politely有礼貌地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地strongly强壮地，强烈地widely广阔地，广大地(2)时间副词/词组(一般放在句尾)early早点儿，提早late晚，迟immediately立即，立刻soon很快once曾经，以前still仍然suddenly突然then然后already已经just正好，恰好yet还，已经sometimes有时at fi
22、rst首先at once立刻，马上at last最后as well/too/either也(3)频度副词/词组(放在行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后)twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always总是，经常usually通常often经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不gain and again一次又一次at times有时，间或now and then偶尔notany more/longer不再(4)程度副词(放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词之后。eno
23、ugh修饰形容词或副词时须后置)quite相当，完全，十分rather相当，颇，有点very非常much许多a lot许多a little一点儿，一些a bit少量enough足够hardly几乎不mostly大多数nearly几乎almost差不多deeply深深地completely完全地(5)疑问副词/词组(通常置于句首)when什么时候how long多久where哪儿how soon多快why为什么how often多久一次how怎样how far多远how much多少(提问不可数名词)how many多少(提问可数名词复数)(6)地点副词(一般放在句尾)here这儿there那儿
24、upstairs楼上downstairs楼下above上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方(7)其他副词however然而besides此外instead相反exactly准确地probably可能mostly大多数then然后therefore因此考点小练4.Well have to say goodbye，my dear friends!But I will forget the days we spent together.A.always B.often C.never D.usually5.Dont worry.He is to take care
25、 of little Betty.A.carefully enough B.enough carefully C.careful enough D.enough careful6.Mr.Xu,would you please speak a little more?Sorry!I thought you could follow me.A.quickly B.politely C.quietly D.slowly7.Shes good at English and French,and she speaks a little German,.A.either B.as well C.too D
26、.also8.I like going mountain climbing very much.So I do it on weekends with my friends.A.seldom B.often C.never D.hardlyCCDCB3形容词、副词的混合辨析 形容词、副词的混合辨析主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查，其特点为：选项为两个单词的两种词性之间的混合辨析。有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly,意义有区别。既可作形容词也可作副词 只能作副词close靠近的（地）closely密切地high高的（地）highly高度地free免费
27、的（地）freely自由地late晚的（地），迟的（地）lately近来deep深的（地）deeply深刻地；深入地near邻近的（地）nearly几乎；将近hard努力的（地）hardly几乎不most最的（地）mostly主要地wide宽阔的（地）widely广泛地考点小练9.How is your old friend Katie?Oh,shes moved to another city,so Ive ever seen her since then.A.deep B.deeply C.hard D.hardly10.This mobile phone is the latest mo
28、del,which looks and sells.A.good;well B.well;good C.good;good D.well;well11.Government needs to take measures to make factories stop pouring waste water into the river.A.too much B.too many C.much too D.many12.My grandparents lived,but they didnt feel.A.alone;lonely B.lonely,lonely C.alone;alone D.l
29、onely;aloneDAAA4形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词、副词的比较等级的构成（1）规则变化类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词直接加-er,-est（2016省卷55题，2015省卷35题）youngtallyoungertalleryoungesttallest以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r,-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这一辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbigg
30、estfattesthottest以辅音字母加 y结尾，变y为i，再加-er,-esthappyeasyhealthyhappiereasierhealthierhappiesteasiesthealthiest类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级多音节和部分双音节词有些双音节词和多音节词，比较级在词前加more，最高级在词前加mostimportantmore importantthe most importantcarefulmore carefulthe most carefulinterestingmoreinterestingthe most interesting（2）不规则变化
31、原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest原级 比较级 最高级old older/elder oldest/eldest2.形容词、副词的比较等级的常用句型原级 比较级 最高级等级 结构 例句 修饰词原级A+as+原级+as+B表示“A与B一样”。Lucy is as old as Kate.露西和凯特的年龄一样大。very,so,too,enough,quite,ratherA+not+so
32、/as+原级+as+B表示“A不及B那么”。This classroom is not as big as that one.这间教室不如那间大。A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B表示“A是B的倍”。Our school is twice as large as theirs.我们的学校是他们学校的两倍大。等级 结构 例句 修饰词比较级比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”。Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,still,farthe+比较级,the
33、+比较级表示“越，就越”。The harder you work,the better your grades will be.你越努力，你的成绩就会越好。A+the+比较级+of the two+表示“A是两者中较的”。He is the thinner of the two.他是这两个中较瘦的那个。等级 结构 例句 修饰词比较级A+比较级+than+any other+单数名词表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个都”。Xiao Ming is taller than any other student in his class.小明比他班里任何一个学生都高。最高级主语+the+最高级+（单数可数
34、名词）+in/of短语表示“是中最的”。I jump the highest in my class.我是我们班跳得最高的。主语+one of the+最高级+复数可数名词+in/of短语表示“是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。最高级最高级特殊疑问词+the+最高级,A，B or C?用于三者以上人或物的比较。Which season do you like best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪个季节，春天、夏天还是秋天？the+序数词+最高级表示“第几最”。The
35、 Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。考点小练13.Staying with my children is one of things these days.A.the happiest B.happier C.the happy D.happiest14.Jim studies better than Tom，but Tom is and he has more friends.A.friendly B.more friendly C.the most friendly D.most friendlyAB15
36、.The weather is becoming.A.colder and colder B.more cold and cold C.the coldest D.more and more cold16.If there are people driving,there will be air pollution.A.less;less B.less;fewer C.fewer;fewer D.fewer;lessAD5形容词、副词的适当形式填空甘肃近3年中考对形容词、副词的适当形式填空考查，多见于词汇考查和任务型完形填空这两个题型中。1.主要有以下几种形式：形容词变副词，副词变形容词，形容
37、词变名词等；2.考生需要分析空格处词汇在整个句子中的成分以及意义。3.形容词变副词的规则（详见考点3以-ly结尾的副词）4.常考的形容词变名词如下：difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困境)different(不同的)-difference(不同)active(活跃的)-activity(活动)happy(快乐的)-happiness(幸福)sad(伤心的)-sadness(悲哀)考点小练17.Pigeons and green stand for(peaceful).18.Its raining(heavy)outside.Youd better not go out.19.Its(easily)for us to find information,thanks to the Internet.peaceheavilyeasy