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1、Unit 4 Stage and screenUsing language（现在分词作状语）英语句子的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。1. 主语： 一句话的主体,可用名词、代词、动名词及名词性从句来充当。 英语句子不可或缺的成分， 是全句述说的主题，一般位于句首，但there be 句型和it充当形式主语除外。They are students. 主语是_The sun rises in the east. 主语是_There is a school. 主语是_It is important to study English. 主语是_
2、2. 谓语: 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后,常用动词或动词词组充当谓语。 We study English. 谓语是_ He likes reading. 谓语是_ You may go now. 谓语是_3. 宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,常用名词、数词和代词来充当。 I like China. 宾语是_ I play with him. 宾语是_4. 表语：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态，它一般位于系动词之后（如be, feel, sound, taste, seem, look 等）。 They are students. 表语是_
3、He looks young. 表语是_ You seem happy. 表语是_5. 定语：修饰限定名词或代词的词,说明该名词或代词的状态、品质、数量等。 His name is Tom.（所有格） 定语是_ The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语）定语是_ The boy who is sitting under the tree is Tom.（定语从句） 定语是_6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、程度等。 He runs quickly. 状语是_ She learn
4、s English very well. 状语是_ I will go there tomorrow. 状语是_7. 补语：宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的性质或状态，一般位于宾语之后，与其构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 His father named him Xiaoming. 补语是_ They painted their boat white. 补语是_状语定义：状语是用来修饰_、_、_或_的一种成分 。说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、程度等什么可以作状语？1.He passed the exam successfully. _作状语2. I looked at them in pa
5、nic. _作状语3. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years. _作状语4. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. _作状语5. He got up early to catch the first bus. _作状语6. Given more money and time, they finish the research well. _作状语什么是状语从句？状语从句：在句子中作_的从句
6、叫作状语从句；状语从句一般分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句等。各类状语从句常用引导词时间状语从句：when, while, as soon as, till/ until, since, as, before ,after地点状语从句：where, wherever比较状语从句：than, as as 让步状语从句：though, although, even if, 条件状语从句：if, unless, even if 结果状语从句：such that ，so that 目的状语从句：so that, in order t
7、hat原因状语从句：because, as, since 现在分词作状语: 现在分词是_动词的一种，一般表示_或_的意思。现在分词用作状语时，其_主语必须与句子的主语一致，现在分词所表示的动作和句子的主语是_关系。现在分词在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、程度和结果状语。观察：以下动词-ing形式分别作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、让步状语和结果状语。判断以下句子是何种状语然后观察句子结构的形式，从而发现规律。 1.Approaching the city , we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height._状语2.Goin
8、g straight down the street , youll see the bookstore on the left. _状语3.Having worked all day, I went to bed early. _状语4.Knowing all the truth , Amy kept in silence. _状语5.It snowed heavily in the north, causing serious traffic jams. _状语总结基本句型:_现在分词的时态和语态Comparison: doing having done 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示
9、：其动作正在进行或是与谓语动词的动作_发生；eg: Working in the countryside, we learned a lot of from the peasants. （表时间状语）现在分词的完成式(having done)表示：其动作发生在_动作之前。eg: Having worked all day, I went to bed early.（表原因状语）总结：现在分词做状语，分词的_主语与_的主语必须一致。 现在分词做状语，分词与句子的主语是_关系。1. 作时间状语 (当.时候) Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit
10、. 一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。= When he saw the police, he made a run for the exit.When he walked out of the room, he saw a dog. (将时间状语从句改写成ing做状语)_ out of the room, he saw a dog.2. 作原因状语（因为） Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。= Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.As he didnt
11、 know the way, he got lost. (将原因状语从句改写成ing做状语)_, he got lost.3. 作条件状语（如果） Turning to the left, you will see a school. = If you turn to the left, you will see a school. If we study hard, we will get good results._, we will get good results.(将条件状语从句改写成ing做状语)4. 作让步状语（虽然，即使） Granting this to be true, w
12、e cannot explain it. 虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。= Although we grant this to be true, we cannot explain it.Although I know it is difficult, I dont give up. (将让步状语从句改写成ing做状语)_, I dont give up. 5. 作结果状语 The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。) = The child fell and
13、struck his head against the door and cutting it.他出国了，留给他叔叔一间大房子。He went abroad and _ his uncle a big house.（翻译句子）He went abroad,_.(改写成ing做状语)6. 作伴随状语 The little boy went upstairs, trailing his teddy bear behind him. 那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。 Emma was sitting in an armchair reading a book. 艾玛坐在一张扶手椅上看书。他躺
14、在草地上，凝望天空。（翻译句子）He lay on the grass and _ the sky. He lay on the grass, _.Exercise1：判断下列句子中的ing作何种状语。1.Turning to the left, you will see the Dagang Hotel. _ 状语2. He sat in the empty house, feeling very lonely. _ 状语3.The child fell off the tree, hitting his head against the ground._ 状语4.Walking down
15、the street, he hears someone calling him. _ 状语5.Arriving at the airport, they found their flight had taken off. _ 状语6.Knowing all the truth , Amy kept in silence. _ 状语7. Being ill，he couldnt go to school. _ 状语Exercise2：将现在分词作状语转换成状语从句。1. Turning to the left, you will see the Dagang Hotel._2. He sat
16、in the empty house, feeling very lonely._3. The child fell off the tree, hitting his head against the ground._4. Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him._5. Arriving at the airport, they found their flight had taken off. _6. Knowing all the truth , Amy kept in silence._7. Being ill，he couldnt go to school._4学科网（北京）股份有限公司