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1、高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练 七选五专题二十一A blood test to measure whether a driver who has caused an accident was impaired by lack of sleep could be available within two years, making it easier to legislate against drowsy drivers or their employers.The research comes as fresh evidence suggests that driving on less tha
2、n five hours sleep is as dangerous as being over the legal drink-drive limit in many countries._1_ “There has to be a system to check whether someone has had enough sleep, because they could be putting other peoples lives at risk,” said Prof Steven Lockley, a sleep expert at Harvard medical school,
3、who advises Nasa on sleep safety. Prof Clare Anderson, of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, who is leading efforts to develop a blood-based test, said:“When you look at the major killers on the road, alcohol is one of them, speeding is another, and fatigue is one of them. Many sleep experts
4、 agree that legislation is needed to reduce deaths from drowsy driving. Almost half of UK drivers have admitted to driving after less than five hours sleep. _2_Moreover, they also lead to one-quarter of fatal and serious crashes.Andersons team has identified five bio-markers in blood that can detect
5、 whether somebody has been awake for 24 hours or more. “_3_ And theyre consistent across individuals,” said Anderson.“Some of them are lipids, some of them are produced in the gut, so theyre from different parts of the bodywhich is interesting, because sleep is implicated in a number of different he
6、alth problems. “But they are not metabolites that are involved in things like caffeine or anxiety or adrenaline, which could be affected if somebody has been involved in a motor vehicle crash.”_4_“We still get close to 90% accuracy at being able to detect sleep loss, which is pretty high considering
7、 all the things that are going on in peoples lives beyond just sleep,”Anderson said.Further work is needed to validate the markers and investigate whether they can show whether someone has slept for, say, five hours or just two. _5_【The Guardian(May 8, 2023)】A.Other tips include avoiding driving whe
8、n you would normally be sleepingB.It could also enable people to be prosecuted for driving while fatigued, which many sleep experts have been calling for.C.Anderson believes that a forensic blood test for sleep deprivation could be ready in as little as two years.D.They are really strongly related t
9、o how long somebodys been awake.E.Experts estimate that fatigue-related crashes account for up to 20% of all UK vehicle collisions. F.Our capacity to manage it is impaired because we dont have tools to be able to monitor it G.Follow-up studies conducted in conditions closer to real-world situations
10、have also indicated these bio-markers can detect whether or not someone has slept.The advertising watchdog is banning growing numbers of advertisements that exaggerate the benefits of health and beauty treatments such as Botox, lip fillers and diet aids.The action by the Advertising Standards Author
11、ity (ASA) is part of a crackdown against beauty clinics and manufacturers of aesthetic products over how they promote themselves.Research recently found almost nine out of 10 beauty clinics were breaking the law by advertising Botox and other forms of botulinum toxin, which people use to hide wrinkl
12、es._1_The ASA s increased intervention is also a response to the Commons health and social care select committee urging the watchdog last August to get tough with online content. _2_ Prof David Sines, the chair of the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners, which is seeking better regulation of th
13、e beauty sector, said:“The ASA have been making a concerted effort to scan, review and analyse a host of social media and website advertising posts from aesthetic clinics and salons._3_” Sines praised the regulators“more assertive” action on“the relentless stream of inappropriate and often illegal a
14、dvertisements that appear daily across social media websites in the UK. _4_.”The ASA spokesperson said advertisers must not “ exaggerate the efficacy of any treatments” or“exploit consumers potential insecurities about their bodies”.Victoria Brownlie, the chief policy officer of the British Beauty C
15、ouncil, which represents beauty therapists, urged clinics to use only responsible advertising.“ _5_.Upholding the rules around safe advertising is key .” 【The Guardian(May 8, 2023)】A.Businesses and practitioners of the beauty industry need to uphold consumer safety standards as a number one priority
16、. B.Sclerotherapy involves prescription-only medicine.C. That has resulted in them applying a concerted campaign to flush out those who are posting illegal or misleading adverts.D.Last autumn, it appointed a member of staff to coordinate its greater scrutiny of beauty industry behaviour.E.There are
17、fears that too many operators in the poorly regulated cosmetic treatments sector are endangering clients self-esteem and mental health.F.That usually promotes an idealised, often doctored and unrealistic, body image which develops low self-esteem and related mental health conditions.G.We rate some o
18、f the advertisements that the ASA have agreed to take action against to represent aserious threat of harm to the publicOn some level, it sort of makes sense that breakfast should have a place in the food hierarchy that other meals dont. But if you skip breakfast, are you really setting yourself up f
19、or failure dietary or otherwise? And, considering the results being promised for various forms of fasting, could it even somehow help?_1_ An analysis published in 2021 of short and long-term studies concluded that there was “minimal evidence that skipping breakfast might lead to weight gain and the
20、onset of becoming overweight or obese”.Slightly more concerning is the evidence that skipping breakfast might mean youre eating worse overall research by Ohio State University studying more than 30,000 Americans concluded that breakfast-dodgers often miss out on important nutrients including vitamin
21、s A, B1, B2, B3, C and D. _2_ .But correlation is not causation, and all this really means is that the sorts of people who tend to skip breakfast are often also the sort who dont eat that well the rest of the time. _3_ So if you can give the Weetabix a miss but make up for it over the rest of the da
22、y, are you in the clear?Short answer: probably. “In my experience, people who skip breakfast can fall into the mindset of thinking that, because theyve saved calories first thing, they can treat themselves over the rest of the day,” says Aroosha Nekonam, a certified personal trainer at Ultimate Perf
23、ormance. “And because theyre so hungry, they give in to the temptation of eating high-sugar, high-carbohydrate foods for instant gratification, which spikes their blood sugar, and leaves them sluggish when their blood sugar level crashes. _4_”The take-home message, then, is that theres no clearcut b
24、enefit to being a skipper or an eater as long as what you eat is healthy in the first place. “_5_,” says Nekonam. “Some people are more energised and more productive on an empty stomach first thing in the morning, or simply arent hungry when they wake up. If youre trying to gain muscle then skipping
25、 breakfast is an obvious no-no you need energy, and its completely counter-productive.”【The Guardian(May 8, 2023)】A.Its not an inevitable relationship.B.Well, first, the relationship between skipping breakfast and weight loss or gain is far from clearcut.C.Every meal should include 20 to 30g of lean
26、 protein, vegetables and “healthy ” fats.D.But for people who dont give in to this temptation, theres research to suggest that skipping breakfast or extended fasts can reduce markers of blood sugar and blood pressure.E.One of the most important things for people to understand is why they want to ski
27、p their breakfastF.It also found that missing breakfast made a participant more likely to eat more sugar and carbohydrates over the course of a typical dayG.You are literally“breaking” your“fast ” taking your body from a state of deprivation to its first significant calorie hit答案BEDGCEFCGABFADE学科网（北京）股份有限公司