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1、Passage 1Statuses(身 份，地 位)are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get alongwith one another and to determine where we fit in society.As we go about oureveryday lives,we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses.Forexample,we must judge whether the person in the library is
2、a reader or a librarian,whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman,whether the unfamiliar personon our property is a thief of a meter reader,and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people encounter,and changethroughout life.Most of us can,at very high speed,assume the status
3、es that varioussituations require.Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selectingamong appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses inrelation to us.This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on aconstant mental process of appraisal
4、and interpretation.Although some of us find thetask more difficult than others,most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes.Within certain limits the buyercan choose style and fabric(织 品).But an American is not free to choose the costume(服 装)of a Chinese
5、 peasant or that of Hindu prince.We must choose from among theclothing presented by our society.Furthermore,our choice is limited to a size thatwill fit,as well as by our pocketbook.Having made a choice within these limits,wecan have certain alternations(交 替)made,but apart from minor adjustments,we
6、tendto be limited to what the stores have on their racks.Statuses too come ready made,and the range of choice among them is limited.1.In the first paragraph,the writer tells us that statuses can helpu s.A)determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB)behave appropriately in relation to other
7、peopleC)protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD)make friends with other people2.According to the writer,people often assume different s t a t u s e s.A)in order to identify themselves with other peopleB)in order to better identify othersC)as their mental processes changeD)as the situation change
8、s3.The word“appraisal”(Line 5,Para.2)most probably means A)involvement B)assessment C)appreciation D)presentation4.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the pronoun“it refers toA)fitting our actions to those of other peopleB)identification of other peoples statusesC)selecting ones own statuse
9、sD)constant mental process5.By saying that“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasantor that of a Hindu prince,the writer m e a n s.A)different people should have different styles of clothesB)ready-made clothes may need alterationsC)people can not choose their own clothesD)ou
10、r choice of clothing is limited,so is our choice of statusesPassage 2My husband and I got married in 1981 and for the first ten years of our marriageI was very happy to stay home and raise our three children.Then four years ago,ouryoungest child went to school and I thought I might go back to work.M
11、y husband was very supportive and helped me to make my decision.Heemphasized all of the things I can do around the house,and said he thought I could bea great success in business.After several weeks of looking for a job,I found my present job,which isworking for a small public relations firm.At firs
12、t,my husband was very proud of meand would tell his friends,4tMy clever little wife can run that company shes workingfor.”But as his joking statement approached truth,my husband stopped talking to meabout my job.I have received several promotions and pay increases,and Im nowmaking more money than he
13、 is.I can buy my own clothes and a new car.Because ofour joined incomes,my husband and I can do many things we had always dreamed ofdoing,but we dont do these things because he is very unhappy.We fight about little things and my husband is very critical of me in front of ourfriends.For the first tim
14、e in our marriage,I think it is possible that our marriage maycome to an end.I love my husband very much,and 1 dorft want him to feel inferior(低 等 的),but I also love my job.I think I can be a good wife and a working woman,but I dontknow how.Who can give me some advice?Will I have to choose one or th
15、e other orcan I keep both my husband and my new career(职 业)？1.When was the passage most probably written?A)In 1991.B)Around 1996.C)In 1981.D)Four years ago.2.The husband was supportive,for h e.A)praised her for all the housework she had doneB)took over what she used to do at homeC)encouraged her D)m
16、ake the decision for her3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A)it only took several days for her to find the job she is now doing.B)for the first time since their marriage,the writer doesnt think her husband is askind as before.C)her husband stopped talking to her abo
17、ut her job when her career was approachingsuccess.D)her husband has been proud of her for every success she has won on the job.4.As she was making more m o n e y,.A)She did a lot of things she had dreamed ofB)She found a gap taking place between themC)She could buy many clothes and a new houseD)She
18、was very critical of her husband5.The difficult position which a working woman is in is a choice betweenA)husband and friends B)career and payC)children and work D)job and marriagePassage 3Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services.People usemoney to buy food,furniture,books,b
19、icycles and hundreds of others they need orwant.When they work,they usually get paid in money.Most of the money today is made of metal of paper.But people used to use allkinds of things as money.One of the first kinds of money was shells.Shells were not the only things used as money in many places.I
20、n China,clothand knives were used.In the Philippine Island,rice was used as money.In parts ofAfrica,Cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money.Other animals were used asmoney,too.The first metal coins were made in China.They were around and had a squarehole in the center.People strung them toget
21、her and carried them from place to place.Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money.Thefirst coins in England were made of tin.Sweden and Russia used copper to maketheir money.Later,other countries began to make coins of gold and silver.But even gold and silver were i
22、nconvenient if you had to buy somethingexpensive.Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money.They began to usepaper money.The first paper money looked more like a note from one person toanother than paper money used today.Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money unti
23、l today.1.Which can be cited as an example of the use of money in exchange for services?A)To sell a bicycle for$20.B)To get some money for old books at a garage sale.C)To buy things you need or want.D)To get paid for your work.2.Shells were used as money in h i s t o r y.A)in the Philippines B)in Ch
24、ina C)in Africa D)in many places3.The ancient Chinese coins had a square hole in the center b e c a u s e.A)it would be easier to put them together and carry them aroundB)it would be lighter for people to carry them from place to placeC)people wanted to make it look nicerD)people wanted to save the
25、expensive metal they were made from4.If you had to buy something expensive,even gold and silver were inconvenientb e c a u s e.A)they are easy to steal B)they are difficult for people to obtainC)they are not easy to carry around D)they themselves are expensive,too5.The best title for this passage ma
26、y b e.A)Money and Its Uses B)Different Things used as MoneyC)Different Countries,Different Money D)The History of MoneyPassage 4Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one,and there areoverwhelming political pressures to keep it that way.Any attempt to redistributewealth and income in the U
27、nited States will inevitably be opposed by powerfulmiddle and upper class interests.People can be relatively rich only if others arerelatively poor,and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich,publicpolicies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.As Herber
28、t Gans(1973)has pointed out,poverty is actually functional from thepoint of view of the non-poor.Poverty ensures that“dirty“work gets done.If therewere no poor people to scrub floors and empty bedpans,these jobs would have to berewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them.Poverty create
29、s jobsfor many of the non-poor,such as police officers,welfare workers,pawnbrokers,andgovernment bureaucrats.Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing themwith cooks,gardeners,and other workers to perform basic chores while theiremployers enjoy more pleasurable activities.Poverty provides
30、a market for inferiorgoods and services,such as day-old bread,run-down automobiles,or the advice ofincompetent physicians and lawyers.Poverty legitimizes middle-class values.To themiddle class,the fate of the poor-who are supposed to lack the virtues of thrift,honesty,monogamy,and a taste for hard w
31、ork-only confirms the desirability ofqualities the poor are thought to lack.Poverty also provides a group that can be madeto absorb the costs of change.For example,the poor bear the brunt of unemploymentcaused by automation,and it is their homes,not those of the wealthy,that aredemolished when a rou
32、te has to be found for new highway.There is no deliberate,conscious“conspiracy“of the wealthy to keep the poor in poverty.It is just thatpoverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system,which the poorare politically,powerless to influence or change.1.The title that best express the m
33、ain idea of this passage i s.A)An Unequal Society B)The Fate of the PoorC)Functions of Poverty D)Political Factors in Poverty2.Poverty exists in American society b e c a u s e.A)the wealthy work hard and are glad to keep itB)the overwhelming majority of the non-poor are totally indifferent to itC)th
34、e rich are politically powerful while the poor are politically powerlessD)all of the above3.The poor taken on“dirty work”.A)under political pressure B)for the high pay offeredC)as they are reasonably paid D)though ill-paid4.Poverty makes life e a s i e r.A)for the non-poor as they can get well-paid
35、jobsB)for the rich as there are sorts of domestic helps readily availableC)for the poor as they can get cheap bread and automobilesD)for the businessmen as they can easily find a market for inferior goods andservices.5.The author thinks t h a t.A)the poor lack such desirable qualities as thrift or h
36、onestyB)the poor are not inclined to work hardC)the poor are willing to bear the costs of changeD)none of the abovePassage 5The Missing WalletI dont often lose things and Im especially careful with money,so I was quitesurprised when I reached for my wallet and it wasnt there.At first,t thought it wa
37、spossible that I could have left it at home.Then I remembered taking it out to pay forthe taxi,so I knew I had it with me just before I walked into the restaurant.Iwondered if it was possible that it could have slipped out of my pocket while I waseating dinner.Thinking about that possibility,I turne
38、d and walked back to the tablewhere 1 had been sitting.Unfortunately,there were several people sitting at the tableat the time,so I called a waiter and explained to him that my wallet had fallen out ofmy pocket while I was sitting at the table a few minutes earlier.I had the waiter goover to the tab
39、le to see if my wallet was on the floor.While the waiter was lookingfor it,the manager of the restaurant came up to me and asked me if anything waswrong.I didnt want to get a lot of people involved in the problem,but I knew I hadto get the wallet back.I told the manager what had happened,He had me d
40、escribe thewallet to him,and then he insisted that I report the missing wallet to the police.I toldhim that I didnt particularly want to get the police involved in it;besides.I was in ahurry because I had an appointment with my doctor in just a few minutes.I explainedto him that my biggest worry at
41、the moment was how I was going to pay the check.He told me not to worry about that.He had me write down my name and address,andhe said he would send me a bill.1.Why was the writer so sure he had brought his wallet with him?a.He remembered that he didnt leave it at home.b.He always felt his pocket fo
42、r the wallet before he left home.c.He believed his own memory.d.He had taken it out to pay the taxi-driver.2.According to the passage,the writer most probably lost his wallet when-a.he took it out to pay for the taxib.he walked into the restaurantc.he was eating dinner.d.he was ordering his dish3.Wh
43、y did the writer walk back to the table where he had been sitting?a.He was sure his wallet was still there.b.It was possible that he could find his wallet there.c.He could ask someone there about his wallet.d.He saw the wallet lying on the floor near the table.4.What did he actually do when he walke
44、d back to the table?a.He asked the people at the table about his wallet.b.He explained to the waiter what had happened a few minutes earlier.c.He himself started looking for his wallet.d.He talked with the manager about what had happened.5.The managera.didnt appear till very lateb.didnt come at all
45、because he was very busyc.came up pretty soon to see what had happenedd.came to the table and found the walletPassage 6Guilty or Not?George had stolen some money,but the police had caught him and he had beenput in prison.Now his trial was about to begin,and he felt sure that he would be found guilty
46、 andsent to prison for a long time.Then he discovered that an old friend of his was one of the members of the juryat his trial.Of course he didnt tell anybody,but he managed to see his friend secretly one day.He said to him,Jim,I know that the jury will find me guilty of having stolen themoney.I can
47、not hope to be found not guilty of taking it-that would be too much toexpect.But I should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could persuadethe other members of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to theirstatement that they consider me guilty.”Well,George,answered Jim,I
48、shall certainly try to do what I can for you asan old friend,but of course I cannot promise anything.The other eleven people on thejury look terribly strong-minded to me.FGeorge said that he would quite understand if Jim was not able to do anythingfor him,and thanked him warmly for agreeing to help.
49、The trial went on,and at last the time came for the jury to decide whetherGeorge was guilty or not.It took them five hours,but in the end they found Georgeguilty,with a strong recommendation for mercy.Of course,George was very pleased,but he didnt have a chance to see Jim forsome time after the tria
50、l.At last,however,Jim visited him in prison,and Georgethanked him warmly and asked him how he had managed to persuade the othermembers of the jury to recommend mercy.“Well,George,“Jim answered,as I thought,those eleven men were verydifficult to persuade,but I managed it in the end by tiring them out