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1、TEXT ONEAptera is certainly not the sort of name an old-school carmaker would give to itsnewest creation.Biologists will recognise it as the term for scuttling winglessinsects-silverfish and suchlike.But Steve Fam bro,the boss of the eponymousCalifornian company that plans to make and sell electric
2、vehicles under this name,hopes they will soon be swarming over the states highways.Unlike Tesla,another boutique electric-vehicle maker from the Golden State,Aptera isaiming for the bottom end of the market.A Tesla sports car will set you back$98,000(or it would if you could get your hands on one:Te
3、sla has delayed shipment of its first50 cars until next year).An Aptera,by contrast,starts at$26,900,and should beavailable this time next year.And instead of a Ferrari knock-off,you get a space-agetricycle.But Aptera and Tesla have things in common.They are both small.They wereboth started by peopl
4、e with no experience in the motor industry.And they are bothaiming to start by roping in the eco-fashionistas of California,and then work outwardsto the mainstream.The name Aptera was chosen because the vehicle resembles a small,wingless aircraft.Its three-wheel design exempts it from onerous federa
5、l testing regulations.The outershell is made of a carbon-fibre composite,rather than metal.The lines are wind-tunnelaerodynamic.And protuberances are kept to a minimum.Wing mirrors,for example,are replaced by a rear-facing camera with a 180 field of view and the exhaust valvesare recessed to minimis
6、e turbulence.In the pure plug-in version,those valves are forwaste heat from the electronics.There is also a petrol-electric hybrid,with asingle-cylinder generator that extends the range from 200km to 1,130km.Top speedis 150kph.One reason for the emergence of firms such as Aptera is that designing a
7、 new vehiclehas become as much an exercise in software simulation as in metal(or evencarbon-fibre)bashing.That enables the firms engineers to do extensive developmentwork-even things like crash-testing-on a computer.This is much cheaper thanbuilding endless prototypes and driving lots of them into w
8、alls.Another reason is thewidespread availability of previously specialised components such as lithium-ionbatteries.That means that an upstart such as Aptera can focus on the electronic brainsof the vehicle and its final assembly,rather than having to make everything fromscratch.It can thus,it belie
9、ves,turn a profit without having to produce large volumes.Automotive history is littered with failed attempts to build electric cars,and scepticsmight think the latest batch will be no different.That there is a fashion for suchvehicles,though,is hard to deny.Besides Aptera and Teslawhich are,in thei
10、rdifferent ways,the most conspicuous examples-Venture Vehicles of Los Angeles isproposing an electric version of the Dutch Carver three-wheeled motorbike,whilePhoenix Motorcars of Ontario,California,has produced a sports-utility truck.Meanwhile,REVA,an Indian firm,and Think Global,a Norwegian one,ar
11、e makingtwo-door hatchbacks.Indeed,according to the Venture Capital Journal,about$220mhas been invested in such small firms over the past year and a half.1 .Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the common characterists ofTesla and Aptera?A Both of them are envioroment-friendly.B Both
12、 of them are from small companies of California and then expand outwards.C Both of them are originated from the marginal status of the industry.D Both of them are created by green hands of automobile business.2.The petrol-electric hybrid version of Aptera is different from its other versions inthatA
13、 Top speed of the hybrid is higher than than of the other versions.B The hybrid possesses a stronger capacity of long-distance drive with rapid speed.C The hybrid has a special generator that is characterized by a sole cylinder.D The hybrid generate more turbulence than the other versions.3.The word
14、 protuberance(Line 4,Paragraph 3)most probably means_A protrusion.B accessory.C adjunct.D impetus.4.Firms such as Aptera are growing up because of the following reasons exceptA Technologies of metal bashing simulation are well developped.B The cost of making cars is greatly reduced.C Some specialize
15、d parts are available to them.D Large venture investment is devoted to such business.5.Towards to the future of the electric cars,the authors attitude can be said to beA optimistic.B lukewarm.C wait-and-see.D enthusiastic.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了一些新型汽车的情况。第一段讲述了 Aptera在推出其最新产品；第二、三段讲述这新产品的特点；第四段讲述Aptera公司目前的研发优
16、势；第五段讲述许多公司现在都开始进军该领域。词汇注释：scuttle v.仓皇奔逃；匆匆跑走eponymous a d j.齐名的swarm v.挤满 t ricycle n.三轮车onerous a d j.麻烦的 aerodynamic a d j.空气动力的protuberance n.凸起 valve n.阀门lithium n.锂 litter v.乱丢,弄乱hatchback n.有仓门式后背的车难句突破：(1)But Steve Fam bro,the boss of the eponymous Californian company that plans tomake and
17、sell electric vehicles under this name,hopes they will soon be swarmingover the states highways.主体句式But Steve Fam bro hopes.结构分析这是个复合句，the boss of.是做主语的同位语；该同位语中tha t引导的是定语从句，用来修饰company。句子译文但是计划用这个名字来制造并销售电动汽车的齐名的加利福尼亚公司老总SteveFam bro希望它们很快就能挤满加州的高速公路。(1)Besides Aptera and Teslawhich are,in their d
18、ifferent ways,the most conspicuousexamples一Venture Vehicles of Los Angeles is proposing an electric version of theDutch Carver three-wheeled motorbike,while Phoenix Motorcars of Ontario,California,has produced a sports-utility truck.主体句式Besides Aptera and Tesla,Venture Vehicles.is proposing.while.结构
19、分析这是一个复合句。while引导的是句子的伴随状语。句子译文除了 Aptera和Tesla这两个最有名的例子，洛杉矶的冒险汽车公司也在计划制造德国Carver三轮摩托车式的电动车，而加州安大略的凤凰汽车公司己经制造了一种运动型载重卡车。题目分析：1 .Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the common characterists ofTesla and Aptera?1.关于Tesla和Aptera共同的特点，下列哪项陈述是错误的？A Both of them are envioroment-friendly.A它们
20、都是环保的。B Both of them are from small companies of California and then expand outwards.B它们都是从加州的小公司开始做起，后来向外扩张。C Both of them are originated from the marginal status of the industry.C 它们原先都处于该产业的边缘地位。D Both of them are created by green hands of automobile business.D它们都是由汽车行业中的新手制造的。答案B 难度系数 分析细节题。第段中提
21、到了它们之间的共同点有三个But Aptera and Tesla have things incommon.They are both small.They were both started by people with no experience inthe motor industry.And they are both aiming to start by roping in the eco-fashionistasof California,and then work outwards to the mainstream,体积小,创始人都是该行业的新手，环保；而且这两个公司都是小公
22、司，后来渐渐向主流发展，可见原先是出于行 也的边缘。选项中只有B不是共同点,因为不存在“expand outwards”。2.The petrol-electric hybrid version of Aptera is different from its other versions inthat_ 2.Aptera的汽油电力混合版和它其他的版本区别在于_ _ _ _ _ _ _A Top speed of the hybrid is higher than than of the other versions.A 混合版的速度要比其他版本高。B The hybrid possesses
23、a stronger capacity of long-distance drive with rapid speed.B 混合版比其他版本的长途高速驾驶能力更强。C The hybrid has a special generator that is characterized by a sole cylinder.C?昆合版有种独特的单气缸发动机。D The hybrid generate more turbulence than the other versions.D 混合版比其他版本生产的动荡大。答案B 难度系数 分 析 细节题。根据第三段“There is also a petro
24、l-electric hybrid,with a single-cylindergenerator that extends the range from 200km to 1,130km.Top speed is 1 50kph”,可见混合版本可以将行程延长200到11 30公里，这就是区别之处，因此答案为B选项。A、D选项都不是混合版的特征。C选项的表述虽然符合混合版的特征，但是却不是它区别于其他版本车的主要原因。3.The word protuberance(Line 4,Paragraph 3)most probably means_3.-protuberance(第三段第四行)最有可
25、能的意思是A protrusion.A 突出。B accessory.B 零件。C adjunct.C 附件。D impetus.D 推动力。答案A 难度系数 分析 猜词题。根据第三段“And protuberances are kept to a minimum.Wing mirrors,forexample,are replaced by a rear-facing camera with a 180 field of view and theexhaust valves are recessed to minimise turbulence，讲述该特征时举的例子-比如风镜由180度视角的
26、朝后的摄像机代替，可以看出主要为了避免有突出的部分。选项中A最为符合。4.Firms such as Aptera are growing up because of the following reasons except4.Aptera这样的公司成长起来是因为以下除了 之外的原因。A Technologies of metal bashing simulation are well developped.A 金属撞击模拟的技术发展得很好B The cost of making cars is greatly reduced.B 制造车的费用大大降低了C Some specialized p
27、arts are available to them.C 他们可以拿到一些特别的部分D Large venture investment is devoted to such business.D大型的投资活动被投入到了这样的商业中 答案D 难度系数 分析 细节题。根据第四段。这样的公司能成长起来是因为模拟演习己经发展起来，这样就可以节约试验成本：先前那些专门的配件随处都可以买到：选项中，A、C选项是正确的，B选项是A、C选项的结果；D选项在文章没有提到。因此，答案为D选项。5.Towards to the future of the electric cars,the authors att
28、itude can be said to be5.对于电气汽车的未来，作者的态度是A optimistic.A 乐观的。B lukewarm.B 冷淡的。C wait-and-see.C 观望的。D enthusiastic.D 热心的。答案A 难度系数 分 析 态度题。根 据 最 后 段，都是一些成功的案例，因此，作者对电气汽车的未来的态度是乐观的，因此正确答案为A选项。D选项有一定的干扰性，但是从文中可以看出作者的语气一直比较平淡客观，虽然持支持的态度但是没有表现出“热心”的层面，该选项过于夸张，因而是错误的。参考译文：Aptera肯定不是传统汽车制造商会给新产品起的名字。生物学家会认为这
29、是一种行色匆匆走路的无翼昆虫的名字，比如蠹虫等。但是计划用这个名字来制造并销售电动汽车的加利福尼亚公司老总Steve Fam bro希望这种车很快就能挤满加州的高速公路。Tesla是金色之州（加州）的另一家流行电动汽车制造商，但Aptera与前者不同，其目标是低端市场。辆Tesla运动跑车得花九万八千美元（或者说你如果能亲自开上辆就得花这么多钱，因为Tesla第一批的50辆车推迟到明年才能到货）。而一辆Aptera起步价仅为两万六千九百美元，而且明年的这个时候应该就可以提货了。你拿到的并不是法拉利的缩版，而是太空时代的三轮车。但是Aptera和Tesla也有相似之处，两种车体积都很小，两家创始
30、人都是这个行业的新手，目标都是要从环保理念盛行的加州起步，然后再逐渐扩展到主流市场。起Aptera这个名字是因为这种汽车像小小的无翼飞机。三轮的造型使其免受繁琐的联邦检测法规的约束。车的外壳是碳类合成物，而不是金属。其设计为风道空气动力，且尽可能避免凸出部分，比如风镜由180度视角的向后摄像机代替，排气阀凹进去从而将气流减到最小。在插入式车型中，这些阀门是用来为电器散发出来的废热而设计的。还有种汽油和电力混合汽车，只 有个气缸加速器，可以将行程延长200到1130公里，最高时速为150公里/小时。像Aptera这样的公司之所以能够兴起，其中个原因就是设计新型汽车的软件模拟演习儿乎能与金 属（甚
31、至碳材料）撞击演习相媲美。这就使得公司的工程师可以在电脑上进行大量的研发工作，甚至是碰撞试验，要比制造无数个汽车模型再撞墙测试廉价得多。另外个原因就是随着先前那些专门供应的部件、比如锂电池己随处可得，这意味着像Aptera这样的新秀可以将精力集中于汽车的电子脑和最终的装配匕而不是所有的东西都得从头来过。它相信这样来，不用很大的制造量就可以获利了。在汽车制造历史上有许多制造电动汽车失败的故事，一些怀疑论者可能认为这批最新汽车也差不多。但是现在制造这种汽车的风气正盛，这是无法否认的。除了 Aptera和Tesla这两个最有名的例子，洛杉矶的冒险汽车公司也在计划制造德国Carver三轮摩托车式的电动
32、车，而加州安大略的凤凰汽车公司已经制造了一种运动型载重卡车。同时，印度REVA公司和挪威的思想全球公司也在制造双门有仓门式后背的汽车。据 风险资本期刊称，过去的一年半中有大约两亿两千万美元注入到了这样的小公司中。TEXT TWOWhen Archaeopteryx,a feathered skeleton that was seemingly half dinosaur and halfbird,turned up in 1862three years after the publication of The Origin ofSpecies”the origin of birds becam
33、e a subject of raging debate amongpalaeontologists.Suggestions that they were the direct descendants of theropoddinosaurs(a group of bipedal meat-eaters that include Allosaurus,Velociraptor andTyrannosaurus)caused quite a flap.Today,most researchers agree that birds are,indeed,a branch of the Dinosa
34、uria.How they made the transition from the land to thesky,though,has yet to be agreed.But a paper in this weeks Current Biology,byChristopher Glen and Michael Bennett of the University of Queensland,makes a strongcase that they did it by jumping.Considering the diversity of life on Earth,flight is s
35、urprisingly rare.It has evolved onlyfour times:among the insects about 300m years ago,the pterosaurs(230m),thebirds(150m)and the bats(50m).That suggests it is a hard trick to pull off.For birds,there is general agreement that feathers came before flight.Fossils fromnorth-eastern China show animals t
36、hat had feathers but clearly could not have flown,as well as ones that look like proper birds.The best guesses are that feathers evolvedeither for insulation(as fur did in mammals)or for display,and that natural selectiontook advantage by turning them into a means of transport.There are two broad sc
37、hools of thought about what happened next.One argues thatbirds*immediate ancestors lived in trees.Members of this school think that poweredflight developed as a natural extension of gliding(such controlled falling is used as away of travelling from tree to tree by several arboreal species today).Gli
38、ding itselfdeveloped because of the lift provided by feathered forearms.The alternative is that flight evolved on the ground.Some researchers who belong tothis school of thought suggest that the power provided by flapping protowings mayhave given their owners an edge in the pursuit of prey.Others hy
39、pothesise thatfeathery forearms helped animals steer and stabilise themselves.Unfortunately,behaviour does not fossilise,so it looked as though the question mightnever be answered.But Dr Glen,a palaeobiologist,and Dr Bennett,a biomechanic,think they have worked out how to do so.Their crucial observa
40、tion is that in modernbirds the curvature of the third toe(which carries a lot of weight during walking andclimbing)varies with species*lifestyles.Birds that spend lots of time climbing aroundon the trunks of trees have dramatically curved third toes.Those that hop around onbranches have mildly curv
41、ed ones.Those that forage mainly on the ground have theleast curved of all.The two researchers compared these observations with their findings for the bird-likedinosaurs and dinosaur-like birds of China.They noticed that the toes of bothfeathered dinosaurs and of the earliest flying birds were simil
42、ar to those of modernbirds that spend most of their time on the ground.Flight,in other words,came beforebirds took to the trees.They are not fallen angels,but risen reptiles.1.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the current debate on theorigin of birds?A The opinion that birds were
43、the direct descendants of dinosaurs gives the world ashock.B Palaeontologists have get consensus on the species transition from the land tothe sky.C Palaeontologists have different opinions on the process of the transition.D The paper in this weeks Current Biology demostrate that the specie moved by
44、hopping before they flied.2.The reason why flight is surprisingly rare is thatA life on earth is diversified.B many species of this kind were eliminated during evolution.C feathers evolved not for a means of transport.D it is very hard to have such evolution.3.The two schools of thought have differe
45、nt opinions onA the functions of feathered forearams in transition from ground to sky.B the location of living place before the animals,evolution to birds.C the development of powered flight.D the power provided by either gliding or flapping.4.The conclusion of the study carried out by Dr.Glen and D
46、r.Bennet is thatA powered flight developed as feathered forearms provided lift.B flight evolved on the ground before they descend on the trees.C earliest birds share similar toes with their modern counterparts.D earliest flying birds evovled from feathered dinosaurs.5.Which one of the following stat
47、ements is NOT true of opinions of Dr.Glen and Dr.Bennet?ABirds realized the transition from reptile to flight by jumping.B Dinasaurs are,as a matter of fact,the direct ancester of birds.C Feathers evolves not for the purpose of flight.D Birds behaviors is indeed fossilised by their various shape of
48、the third toe.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了关于鸟类进化的一些研究情况。第一段讲述研究者对于鸟类如何从陆地转到空中生活的进化史有一定的分歧；第二段讲述了鸟类羽毛出现的过程；第三、四段讲述了两派不同看法；第五、六段讲述研究者根据鸟类脚趾情况断定了上述转化是如何发生的。词汇注释：Archaeopteryx n.始祖鸟 palaeontologists n.古生物学家theropod a d j.兽脚亚目的bipedal a d j.两足动物的Allosaurus n.异龙 Velociraptor n.Tyrannosaurus n.暴龙 arboreal a d j.树栖的biomech
49、anic n.生物力学家 curvature n.弯曲hop v.跳 跃forage v.翻寻搜寻食物难句突破：(1)When Archaeopteryx,a feathered skeleton that was seemingly half dinosaur andhalf bird,turned up in 1 862three years after the publication of“The Origin ofSpecies一the origin of birds became a subject of raging debate amongpalaeontologists.主体句
50、式When Archaeopteryx turned up the origin of birds became.结构分析这是一个复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句。句子译文当始祖鸟 种一半是恐龙一半是鸟类的羽毛动物的骨架出现在1862年，也就是 物种起源出版的三年后，鸟类的起源成为古生物学家激烈争论的主题。(2)Fossils from north-eastern China show animals that had feathers but clearly couldnot have flown,as well as ones that look like proper birds.主