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1、Section Grammar.A.阅读课文,找出与下列汉语意义匹配的英语句子1.欧洲是狂欢节的发源地,在接近狂欢节的四十天里是不能吃肉的,人们准备迎接基督教的“复活节”。2.它们(面具)的使用受到法律的限制最早出现在14世纪。3.在那以后有更多的法律出现了。4.但是在20世纪70年代后期,这个传统又被学生恢复了。5.今天,威尼斯的狂欢节会在二月开始,持续五天。6.旅店被订满,狭窄的街道被穿着美丽服饰的人所挤满。B.核对答案,并找出这几个句子中运用被动语态的动词1.InEurope,whereitbegan,carnivalwasfollowedbyfortydayswithoutmeat,a
2、speoplepreparedfortheChristianfestivalofEaster.2.Theirusewaslimitedbylaws,thefirstofwhichdatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.3.Inlatertimesmorelawswerepassed.4.Butinthelate1970sthetraditionwasrevivedbystudents.5.Today,carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.6.Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowst
3、reetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.答案:1.wasfollowed2.waslimited3.werepassed4.wasrevived5.iscelebrated6.arebooked;arecrowded.将下面句子转化为含被动语态的句子1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?5.Thewindblewdo
4、wnthebigtreelastnight.答案:1.Theboywasseentorunbymeyesterday.2.Iwastoldbyhimthathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Alotofdifferencescanbefoundbyyoubetweenthetwolanguages.4.Areyourflowerswateredbyyoueveryday?5.Thebigtreewasblowndownbythewindlastnight.用动词的适当形式填空1.Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiod(extend),sothat
5、itbeganjustafterChristmas.2.Menwerenotallowedtowearmasksatnight;andthey(notallow)todressupaswomen.3.Iftheybrokethelaws,they(put)intoprisonforuptotwoyears.4.Finally,whenVenicebecamepartoftheAustrianempire,attheendoftheeighteenthcentury,masks(ban)completely,andcarnivalbecamejustamemory.答案:1.wasextende
6、d2.werenotallowed3.wereput4.werebanned.根据汉语提示完成句子1.Linda,makesurethetables(摆好)beforetheguestsarrive.2.Thelettersfortheboss(放)onhisdeskbuthedidntreadthemuntilthreedayslater.3.Didyouseethemanagerintheoffice?Yes.He(正在接受采访)byajournalistfromChinaDaily.4.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildings
7、inthearea(需要维修).答案:1.areset2.wereput3.wasbeinginterviewed4.needrepairing考点一考点二Grammar:The Passive Voice 被动语态考点一:被动语态的构成英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,其构成为:be+过去分词。在被动语态中,常用by后跟动作的执行者。考点延伸阅读下面的句子,说出谓语动词的时态、语态及其构成Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.教室每天都由我们打扫。时态语态:一般现在时的被动语态构成:am/
8、is/aredone考点一考点二Thewholeofmymoneywasstolenyesterday.昨天我全部的钱都被偷走了。时态语态:一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/weredoneTheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.校运动会将在下星期举行。时态语态:一般将来时的被动语态构成:willbedoneAhospitalisbeingbuiltinthecentreofthetown.镇中心正在兴建一家医院。时态语态:现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/arebeingdone考点一考点二Theteachingplanwasbeingdiscu
9、ssedatthattime.那时正在讨论教学计划。时态语态:过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/werebeingdoneManyforeignfilmshavebeenshownonTVsincelastmonth.上个月以来,电视上播放了许多外国影片。时态语态:现在完成时的被动语态构成:have/hasbeendone考点一考点二考点二:1)被动语态的应用考点一考点二2)不用被动语态的情况不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态。要想正确地使用被动语态,就需注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。下面的动词或短语不用于被动语态:appear,disappear,fa
10、il,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等。表示状态的及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态,如:have,marry,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。考点一考点二系动词无被动语态,如:appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,l
11、ook,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。带同源宾语的及物动词,不能用于被动语态,如:diedeath,dreamdream,livelife等。当宾语是动词不定式或动词-ing形式时,谓语动词一般不用被动语态。如:Shelikestoswim.她喜欢游泳。Headmittedhavingdonewrong.他承认做错了。考点一考点二即学即用即学即用 考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二Section Integrating Skills.按照要求写出相应的单词1.relaxingv.adj.n.2.tasty(同义词)v.3.pla
12、ntationv.4.transportn.5.import(反义词)6.multiculturaladj.文化的n.多媒体7.celebrationv.8.uniteadj.n.9.originadj.v.答案:1.relax;relaxed;relaxation2.delicious;taste3.plant4.transportation5.export6.cultural;multimedia7.celebrate8.united;union9.original;originate.短语互译A.温故:从文中找出与下列短语对应的英文1.被所复兴2.将带到3.与融合在了一起4.宁愿做而不愿
13、做5.放弃6.庆祝7.嘲笑B.知新:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思1.consistof2.ingredientsfor3.gowildabout.4.moreorless5.walkoffameal6.beforcedto7.takeover答案:A.1.berevivedby.2.take.to.3.bemixed(up)with.4.prefertodo.ratherthando.5.giveup6.holdcelebrations7.makingfunofB.1.由组成;由构成2.的配料3.非常喜欢4.或多或少5.饭后散步6.被迫7.接管,继承.课文理解1.Alargenumb
14、erofslavesweretakentoAmericabecause.A.theyhadtomakealivingthereB.largefarmsneededlaborforceC.therewerenolaborforceinAmericaD.AmericawasricherthanAfrica2.Attheverybeginning,theslavesimitatedtheirmastersto.A.worshiptheirGodB.makefunofthemC.enjoythemselvesD.holdtheirowncarnival3.Walkingaroundavillagewe
15、aringmasksandsingingsongsisacustominAfricantraditions.A.wheretheyareinhighspiritsB.wheretheyhavegotsomethinggoodC.whichwouldbringgoodluckD.whichwillfrightenghostsaway4.Nowadayscarnivalmeans.A.rememberingthepastB.honouringtheharvestC.drinking,dancing,eatingetc.D.unitingofdifferentcommunities答案:14BBCD
16、12341.a food that consists of a tube of skin containing meat mixed with herbs(P35)一种由肉和香料混合组成的管状食品剖析:注意句中的两个分词短语:containingmeat为动词-ing形式短语做atubeofskin的后置定语,与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;mixedwithherbs为动词-ed形式结构做meat的后置定语,与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。考点:consist of“由组成”,不用于进行时态和被动语态。【高考典句】(2015湖北高考改编)UnlikemostoftheNetherland
17、s,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.不像Netherlands的大多数地区那样,希尔弗瑟姆位于山区,土壤大多数是沙石。1234考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会与consist相关短语的搭配与意义Trueeducationdoesnotconsistinbeingtaughtfactssimply.真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。搭配:consistin意义:在于Thereportdoesnotconsistwiththefact.报道与事实不符。搭配:consistwith意义:与相符2)辨析be
18、composedof,bemadeupof与consistof1234这一组短语都含有“由组成”的含义,前两者是被动结构,第三个不能用于被动结构,这三者都不能用于进行时态。委员会由十人组成。Thecommitteeconsistsoftenmembers.=Thecommitteeismadeupoftenmembers.=Thecommitteeiscomposedoftenmembers.1234consistof有组成consistin在于consistwith与相符1234即学即用即学即用12342.For more than two hundred years,until the b
19、eginning of the 19th century,when the trade was finally stopped,millions of people were taken by force from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves.(P39)两百多年以来,数百万人被迫离开非洲老家,被运送到新大陆做奴隶。这一贸易直到19世纪初才结束。剖析:1)这是一个复合句,主句是millionsofpeople.slaves,从句是when引导的非限制性定语从句。12342)在主句
20、中,谓语由两个被动结构weretakenbyforcefromtheirhomesinAfrica和transportedtotheNewWorldtoworkasslaves组成。byforce是方式状语。在第二个谓语transported后有两个to短语,totheNewWorld是介词短语,做地点状语;toworkasslaves是不定式短语,做目的状语。考点:transport vt.运输,运送ManyofChinasgoodsaretransportedthroughtheMalaccaStrait.中国的许多物资是通过马六甲海峡输送的。1234考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性
21、与含义Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport,butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.小车是一种方便的交通工具,但是我们却把它当成我们的生活方式了。词性:名词含义:交通工具Theproductsweretransportedfromthefactorytothestation.产品从工厂运到了车站。词性:动词含义:运输1234Apowerfailurecreatedanemergencyintrafficandtransportation.停电使交通运输陷入了紧急状况。词性:名词含义:运输Theequipmentshallbesmall,chea
22、p,simpleandtransportable.设备应小、便宜、简单、可移动。词性:形容词含义:可移动的1234transportvt.运输,运送n.交通工具transportationn.运输transportableadj.可移动的1234即学即用即学即用123412343.Naturally,the Europeans also imported their own festivals.(P39)当然,欧洲人也引进了自己的节日。考点:import vt.进口。构词:im-(=in向内)+port(港口)向内运送,进口。Thecountryhastoimportmostofitsrawm
23、aterials.这个国家原料大部分靠进口。1234考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性与含义Theimportsandexportscontinuetogrow.进出口量继续增长。词性:名词含义:进口量90%oftheenginesareexportedtoEurope.90%的发动机出口到欧洲。词性:动词含义:出口1234Spaingrowsorangesforexport.西班牙生产橙子以供出口。词性:名词含义:出口2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体部分的含义ManycountriesimportwoolfromAustralia.许多国家从澳大利亚进口羊毛。搭配:import.from意
24、义:从进口Chinaexportstomanyothercountriesandregions.中国向许多其他国家和地区出口货物。搭配:exportto意义:向输出1234import.from从进口exportto向输出1234即学即用即学即用123412344.Carnival became a way to unite different communities,as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed themselves eating,drinking,and dancing.(P39)狂欢节成为一种联合大众的方式,因为
25、人们忘记了日常生活中的问题,尽情地吃、喝、跳舞。剖析:aspeopleforgottheireverydayproblemsandenjoyedthemselveseating.为as引导的原因状语从句。eating,drinking,anddancing为动词-ing形式做伴随状语。1234【高考典例】(2015湖南高考)Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,wonderingwhethertostayorleave.当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时,她像
26、生了根一样站在那儿,不知道是走还是留。考点:unite vt.联合Developedanddevelopingnationsmustunitetoprotecttheworldsremainingforests.发达国家和发展中国家必须团结起来保护世界上现存的森林。1234考点延伸辨析join,combine,connect与unitejoin表示“连接;结合”,强调原来是分离的东西,现在连接或联合在一起;还表示“加入;随同”。combine强调通过混合产生一个新产品的过程中每个个体的个性也随之消失,多用于抽象或无形的东西。connect表示“连接;结合”,指两事物在某些方面有联系,但各自保持
27、自己的特点和独立性,可用于具体事物或抽象概念。unite指许多的个体由于共同的目的或性质结合成一个大的集团。1234Jointheendofthewiretoanother,themachinewillstarttowork.把这条线的末端与那条相连,这台机器就会开始运转。Hydrogenandoxygencombinetoformwater.氢与氧化合成水。Thetwocitiesareconnectedbyanewly-builtrailway.这两个城市被一条新建的铁路连起来了。Theyunitedtoformaclubintheirattempt.在共同的努力下,他们合并起来组成了一个俱乐部。1234unitevt.联合unitein在某方面联合起来beunitedwith与联合(团圆)起来unitedadj.团结的;联合的1234即学即用即学即用