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1、第一部分词汇和语法被 动 语 态年份考查内容考查形式题号分值2017年一般现在时态的被动语态选择题3722018年一般现在时态的被动语态选择题3622019年2020年一般现在时态的被动语态选择题352小结重点：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的用法考情分析考情分析目录被动语态的构成一被动语态的用法二几种时态中主动语态和被动语态比较三主动语态变被动语态的方法四主动形式表示被动含义的情况五主动句不能改为被动句的情况六使用被动语态时的注意事项七被动语态的构成一被动语态为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(be done)”，口语中也有“get/become+过去分词”的表示。被
2、动语态人称、数和时态的变化是通过助动词be的变化表现出来的。谓语动词一定为及物动词或及物动词词组，不及物动词无被动语态。现以do为例，说明被动语态的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are(not)+done 一般过去时：was/were(not)+done 一般将来时：shall/will(not)+done 现在进行时：am/is/are(not)+being+done 现在完成时：have/has(not)+been+done 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(+not)+be+done被动语态的用法二1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。例如：Some new computers were s
3、tolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.王先生被邀请参加今天的会议。(没有必要说明邀请者)2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.长城受到世界上数以百万计的人们喜爱。English is widely spoken in the world now.英语是现在世界上被广泛使用的语言。3.当说话人需要强调客观时。例如：It is sai
4、d that she was a beauty when she was young.据说当她年轻时是个美人。4.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。例如：Girls wanted.招女工。5.“get+过去分词”可以表示被动。例如：The patient got treated once a week.这个病人每周得到一次治疗。6.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。It is said that.据说 It is reported that.据报道 It is supposed that.据推测It is hoped that.希望 It is well known th
5、at.众所周知例如：It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.据报道明天要下雨了。It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.众所周知，托马斯爱迪生发明了电灯。几种时态中主动语态和被动语态的比较三(一)一般现在时主动语态：The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.被动语态：We are not allowed to enter the chemistry l
6、ab without a teacher.没有老师的带领，学校不允许我们进入化学实验室。(二)一般过去时主动语态：They didnt discuss this question at the meeting yesterday.被动语态：This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.他们昨天没有在会议上讨论这个问题。(三)一般将来时主动语态：Will we hold the school sports meeting next week？被动语态：Will the school sports meeting be held
7、next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？(四)现在进行时主动语态：How are they trying the new teaching method there？被动语态：How is the new teaching method being tried there？那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？(五)现在完成时主动语态：The classroom looks tidy.We have cleaned it.被动语态：The classroom looks tidy.It has been cleaned.教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。(六)情态动词主动语态：You shou
8、ld buy an EnglishChinese dictionary at once.被动语态：An EnglishChinese dictionary should be bought at once(by you).你应该立即买一本英汉词典。主动语态变被动语态的方法四1.被动语态的基本句式：(1)肯定式:主语+be+过去分词+by(2)否定式:主语+be+not+过去分词+by(3)一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+by(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+过去分词+by口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done,时不变，数格必须随被变。2.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(宾格改为主格，
9、主格改为“by+宾格”放在被动语态的谓语动词之后，“by+宾格”可以省略)。例如：主动：My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语被动：I was invited(by my aunt)to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语注意：不是所有的主动语态变被动语态时，主格改为“by+宾格”。例如：全世界的人都知道长城。主动语态：People all over the world know the Great Wall.被动语态：The Great Wall is known to people all over the world
10、.(不用by短语)3.把谓语变成被动结构“bedone”，时态要与原句保持一致。例如：汤姆把窗户打破了。主动语态：Tom broke the window.被动语态：The window was broken by Tom.4.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb.(间宾)+sth.(直宾).口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾(sb.)，若把直宾(sth.)变，to/for 间宾连。(1)give/pass/show 等与介词to 搭配主动语态：give sb.sth.被动语态：sb.+be given sth.或sth.+be given+to sb.例如：他给了我一本新书。He gave me a n
11、ew book?I was given a new book by him.A new book was given to me by him.(2)buy/make/cook 等与介词for 搭配主动语态：buy sb.sth.被动语态：sb.+be bought+sth.或sth.+be bought+for sb.例如：我母亲给我做了一条新裙子。My mother made me a new skirt.=I was made a new skirt by my mother?=A new skirt was made for me by my mother.主动形式表示被动含义的情况五
12、1.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，主动形式表示被动，这时不用被动语态。常见的有sell,wash,cook,clean等。主动动态：The books sell well.这些书很畅销。被动动态：The books were sold out.这些书被卖光了。主动动态：The meat didnt cook well.肉不好煮熟。被动动态：The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.肉在低热量的时间中煮了很长一段时间。2.表示状态特征的连系动词(l
13、ook,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make.)+adj./n.,用主动式表被动含义。例如：The steel feels cold.钢摸起来是很冷的。That dog looks dangerous.那条狗看起来很危险。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词有begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run,move等，用主动式表被动含义。例如：Work began at 7 oclock this morning.工作是今天早上7点开始的。The shop opens at 6:00 a.m.every day.这家商
14、店每天早上6点钟开门。4.不定式在某些形容词(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable.)后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动含义。例如：The fish is not fit to eat.这鱼不适合吃。We find English is hard to learn.我们发现英语难学。5.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动表被动含义。例如：I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。Ill give him som
15、e books to read.我将给他一些书读。The problem is too difficult to solve.这个问题太难了而不能解决。6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，表被动含义，和不定式的被动式可以互换。例如：Your jacket needs washing(=to be washed).你的夹克需要洗。All the computers need repairing(=need repaired).所有的电脑需要修理。主动句不能改为被动句的情况六1.当谓语是表示状态的及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,b
16、enefit,lack,own等时。例如：He entered the room and got his book.他进了房间，拿到了他的书。Does the pair of new shoes suit you?这双新鞋子适合你吗？2.当谓语是一些不及物动词短语take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等时。例如：The fire broke out in the capital library.火灾发生在首都的图书馆。3.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v.ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子
17、的主语。例如：The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker.这个人的介绍他自己是帕克先生。We love each other.我们彼此相爱。使用被动语态时的注意事项七1.感官动词或使役动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel,listen to,look at,make,have,let 等动词或短语后作宾语补足语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须加上to。如主动语态：make sb.do sth.sb.+be+made+to do sth.例如：老板让工人整天工作。主动语态：The boss made the workers work
18、 all day.被动语态：The workers was made to work all day by the boss.2.短语动词用被动语态要作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。例如：The patient is being operated on.病人正在手术中。The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，运动会将被推迟。3.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。例如：我们总是保持教室清洁。主动语态：We always keep the classroom clean.被动语态：The classroom is always kept clean.